Abstract: A reflective color liquid crystal comprising a guest-host liquid crystal display, a color filter and a reflector. The reflector is a simple mirror-like reflection surface. The color filter is manufactured with a pigment dispersion method. The particle size of the pigment is reduced to provide strong light forward scattering and weak light back scattering. The color filter provides light colors for the display as well as light scattering to increase the viewing angle for the display.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device having opaque electrodes at both edge portions of a pixel electrode. The LCD device includes a plurality of gate signal lines, each having a plurality of projected portions; a plurality of data signal lines, being perpendicular to the length direction of the gate signal line; a plurality of thin film transistors corresponding respectively to unit pixel region; a plurality of pixel electrodes formed on the insulating layer within respective unit pixel regions, being overlapped with the projected portion of the adjacent gate signal; and a plurality of opaque electrodes formed below said insulating layer, being arranged parallel to the data signal lines, each extending from both edge portions of each pixel electrode parallel to the data lines to selected positions between said each pixel electrode and both data lines adjacent thereto, each electrically connected with said each pixel electrode through a contact plug formed in said insulating layer.

Abstract: In the liquid crystal display element, the light incident upon the poly-crystal silicon serving as an active layer for forming a poly-crystal silicon thin film transistors can be shaded, and further the light leaking through the gaps between the lines and the pixel electrodes can be shaded, so that it is possible to prevent the display performance from being lowered at relatively low cost, without reducing the aperture ratio of the display device.

Abstract: A fully differential operational amplifier with improved common mode circuitry for low supply voltage applications is disclosed. The amplifier includes inventing and non-inventing inputs and dual-ended invented and non-invented outputs. The amplifier also includes source transistors for pulling the output to obtain particular output voltage swing. Connections between the inputs and outputs include DC biasing circuitry. The amplifier includes a transistor of select size and characteristics to compensate for voltage drop due to other transistors of the amplifier. Common mode circuitry of the amplifier provides a high level of common mode reconstruction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display has a liquid crystal layer that is sandwiched between a pair of electrode substrates in a manner so as to contact alignment films, and also has a liquid crystal display element having optical phase-difference plates placed on both sides thereof. The liquid crystal layer is divided into a first division-section and a second division-section that have different sizes and that are oriented by the alignment films in respectively different directions. Further, with respect to the first division-section that has the larger size, an optical phase difference plate is placed so that the index ellipsoid, which identifies the refractive-index anisotropy of the optical phase-difference plate, has an inclined direction to the optical phase-difference plate that is opposite to the pretilt direction of liquid crystal molecules located in the vicinity of the alignment films.

Abstract: A transflective Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) system is described, wherein the half silvered mirror is replaced by Chiral Liquid Crystal (CLC) reflectors/filters, which increase the reflected and transmitted brightness from over two times to as much as ten times. These principles are also applied to create an improved efficiency full color transflective LCD and a number of high brightness, limited color, displays.

Abstract: Disclosed are uniformly sized domains of liquid crystals, a method for forming the domains, and their performance in polymer dispersed liquid crystal displays. The method provides the ability to form discrete domains of liquid crystal surrounded by a polymer shell, also known as polymer encased liquid crystals, or PELCs. Further, the method provides for the ability to make PELCs that have uniformly sized particles. Displays made comprising uniformly sized PELCs demonstrate markedly improved electro-optical performance over displays made by conventional polymer dispersed liquid crystal processes.

Abstract: A display having an electrically variable diffuser is disclosed. In response to an electric field, the electrically variable diffuser is electrically switched from a low illumination/narrow viewing angle mode to a high illumination/wide viewing angle mode. The viewing angle is correlated with backlight luminance to provide an adequate display as the viewing angle is varied. This allows a user to choose between preserving battery life and maximizing viewing angle.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) panel includes a substrate and an alignment layer, e.g., a polyimide polymer layer on the substrate. The alignment layer has a plurality of pixel areas defined thereon, a respective one which includes at least four domains, a respective one of which has a pretilt angle associated therewith and grooves formed therein along a groove direction such that a respective domain of a respective pixel area has a unique combination of pretilt angle and groove direction with respect to other domains of the pixel area. A respective domain of a respective one of the pixel areas may have one of a first pretilt angle or a second pretilt angle associated therewith, and may have grooves formed therein along one of a first direction or a second direction, the first and second directions being perpendicular. An LCD includes first and second panels having alignment layers arranged in an opposed relationship, with a liquid crystal material disposed therebetween.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a liquid crystal display is disclosed whereby a source and gate are exposed after the step of forming a passivation layer. As a result, the number of processing steps is reduced and yield is improved.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a liquid crystal display is disclosed whereby a source and gate are exposed after the step of forming a passivation layer. As a result, the number of processing steps is reduced and yield is improved.

Abstract: An array substrate for a display equipped with a connecting conductor for electrically connecting signal lines and scan lines via non-linear element circuits, wherein the non-linear element circuit is configured with a scan line connecting pad or a signal line connecting pad as a first electrode and with the connecting conductor as a second electrode. By this way, a breakdown of the elements caused by the effect of static electrically generated on the way of production can be fully reduced and a width of a frame of the display unit can be fully reduced while maintaining a high production yield.

Abstract: In an electooptical liquid crystal device comprising an OCB mode liquid crystal cell and an optically anisotropic element compensating a viewing angle characteristics of the cell, the optically anisotropic element satisfies the elliptical coefficient Z of the index ellipsoid of the optically anisotropic element,7.ltoreq.Z.ltoreq.10,if Z=(ndx-ndz)/(ndx-ndy),where ndx, ndy and ndz represent the components in x, y and z directions of the products of the refractive indice n of optically anisotropic element and the thickness of the optically anisotropic element, when the optically anisotropic element is combined with the bend-aligned liquid crystal cell as the electrooptical liquid crystal device.

Abstract: A set of pixel regions (P11, P12, P13) having a pixel electrode (12) corresponding to red, green or blue as one unit is arranged periodically in the X direction, and the delta arrangement is constituted by displacing the pixel arrays from each other by a 1/2 period at odd-numbered lines and even-numbered lines in the Y direction. By connecting only the pixel electrode (12) of pixel regions (P12, P22, P32) corresponding to the same color with the same source line (S2), the pixel regions (P12, P22, P32) are placed alternately right and left of the source line (S2). Among pixel regions (P11, P12, P13, . . . ) in the X direction, the relative position of a TFT (11), the pixel electrode (12), a first electrode (C1) and a second electrode (C2) of storage capacitors CS is the same. Among pixel regions (P12, P22, P32, . . . ) in the Y direction along source lines (S1, S2, S3, . . .

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device includes an active matrix substrate, a counter substrate having a counter electrode, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the active matrix substrate and the counter substrate. The liquid crystal display device further includes a plurality of scanning lines, a plurality of signal lines formed perpendicular to the plurality of scanning lines, switching elements formed in the vicinity of crossings of the plurality of scanning lines and the plurality of signal lines, a plurality of pixel electrodes connected to the corresponding signal lines via the switching elements, and a plurality of supplemental capacitance lines formed in parallel with the corresponding scanning lines, wherein the pixel electrodes are formed over the corresponding scanning lines, and divisions of the adjacent pixel electrodes along the signal lines are located above the corresponding supplemental capacitance lines.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprising:a pair of substrates having an electrode arrangement thereon;an orientation control means provided on at least one of said substrates; anda ferroelectric or antiferroelectric liquid crystal layer interposed between said substrates, said liquid crystal layer being uniaxially oriented by virtue of said orientation control means,wherein means for suppressing an orientation control effect of said orientation control means with respect to said liquid crystal layer is provided between said liquid crystal layer and said orientation control means.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is constituted by a pair of oppositely disposed substrates having opposing inner surfaces and opposing electrodes thereon, and a chiral smectic liquid crystal assuming two stable states disposed between the opposing electrodes. The opposing inner surfaces of the pair of substrates have been subjected to an aligning treatment such that the liquid crystal placed in one of the two stable states moves under application of an electric field in a direction identical to one in which the liquid crystal placed in the other of the two stable states moves under the application of the electric field. The liquid crystal device has an effective optical modulation region and a peripheral region outside the effective optical modulation region, wherein the effective optical modulation region and the photosensitive member have been subjected to different aligning treatments.

Abstract: A look-up table circuit implemented with MOS transistors that uses combinational logic to generate signals that enable the transistors. A circuit using 16 inputs and 4 select lines is disclosed. Two of the select lines are used as inputs to combinational logic including four NOR gates to generate enable signals for transistors in a third stage of the circuit. This produces a reduction in the propagation delay of a signal from the input to the output of the look-up table circuit.

Abstract: There is provided a backlight for an LCD, comprising a light-inducing plate installed on the bottom surface of the LCD, a lamp installed on one side portion of the light-inducing plate, to irradiate light to the LCD, and a lamp cover enclosing a part of the outer circumferential surface of the lamp, for reflecting the light from the LCD to the light-inducing plate, wherein the light-inducing plate and lamp cover are directly coupled with each other by a locking structure. Therefore, the simplification of the structure facilitates the backlight assembly, and the restriction on securing a space for receiving a conductive wire can be overcome.

Abstract: An active matrix liquid crystal display having a high aperture ratio is provided. Retaining capacitors are created between a black matrix and pixel electrodes via a dielectric layer made from an organic resinous material or inorganic material. Those regions of the black matrix which cover TFTs are fully utilized. Therefore, wider area can be used to display an image than heretofore. In the present invention, the difference in relative dielectric constant between different dielectric layers is employed. Therefore, retaining capacitors can be created without the need to take account of parasitic capacitance.