Abstract: The invention concerns a process for producing metal from metal ores, in particular crude or pig iron from iron ore, wherein the ore which contains metal oxides is brought into contact with a reducing gas which contains carbon and/or hydrogen from solid, carbon-bearing and/or hydrocarbon-bearing substances obtained at least partially from plastic waste. According to the invention, the carbon-bearing and/or hydrocarbon-bearing substances are injected in comminuted fluidized form as an agglomerate into the air flow in the hearth of the metallurgical shaft or pit furnace, in particular a blast furnace. The apparatus includes a first shut-off device that is closed when blockages of the plastic material occur in the transport conduit or the lance, a second shut-off device that is closed when hot air penetrates into the transport conduit and/or the lance by reverse flow, and a third shut-off device that is closed when compressed air is supplied to a lance for cooling.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of vanadium from a petroleum coke or heavy hydrocarbon feed comprising dissolving the feed in a molten metal bath to which oxygen containing gas is added to maintain heat balance and bum off carbon. Preferably the feed is added via a high pressure nozzle as a coke/steam mixture discharged down into a molten metal bath. Preferably the net gas make from the molten metal reactor is quenched and/or cooled to permit dust recovery, with recycle of dust to the molten metal reactor. An iron/vanadium product is withdrawn from the molten metal reactor as a product.

Abstract: A method of making a pneumatically injectable additive for an Electric Arc Furnace, the method comprising screening a waste material comprising oily millscale in water to form uniform particles, and then mixing those particles with carbon and lime; and storing the mixture in air permeable bags in a dry atmosphere until the mixture has chemically cured to form the injectable particles.

Abstract: A process for producing a foaming slag above a stainless steel melted in an electric furnace, in which: a powder containing at least one metal oxide and carbon in its composition is introduced into the slag, at least one oxide present in the powder is reduced by its reaction with the carbon to form in the slag bubbles composed of the metal of the metal oxide and of carbon monoxide, the bubbles present in the slag giving rise to a slag in the form of a stable foam.

Abstract: In a copper flash-smelting works, forced oxidation of dust is prevented, adhesion of dust to a boiler water tube is reduced, and on-line ratio and productivity index is improved. The temperature at the WHB radiation section outlet is greatly reduced and the atmosphere within the WHB radiation section is controlled by blowing the mixed gas of nitrogen gas and air from the feed aperture established in the wall into the boiler radiation section of the waste heat boiler of the flash-smelting furnace in a copper flash-smelting works.

Abstract: An apparatus for keeping an optimal penetration depth formed at the front end of an oxygen tuyere in the producing facilities of molten pig iron utilizing non-coking coal and a method for keeping the same. A sensor for measuring distance using a laser for continuously measuring the penetration depth, is provided. Comprised is a process computer for continuously receiving the measured penetration depth from the sensor and comparing the received penetration depth with a predetermined optimal penetration depth to obtain a difference between them, and for obtaining a changing amount of a pressure in a melter gasifier through a mutual relation between a predetermined changing amount of a pressure in the melter gasifier with that of the penetration depth using the difference between the actual penetration depth with the optimal penetration depth.

Abstract: In order to separate metals and/or metal alloys of different melting points from one another, a mixture of these metals and/or metal alloys is brought to a temperature at which the metal or the metal alloy of relatively low melting point is molten and the metal or the metal alloy of relatively high melting point is in the solid state. The solid constituents are separated from the melt, use being made of washing column with at least one filter which withstands the temperature of molten metal. Each of the filters is arranged in the wall of a separate pipe which extends through the washing column. The mixture is fed to one end of the washing column and moves along the pipe or pipes, towards means arranged at the opposite side of the washing column for removing solid crystalline material. The melt passes via the filter or filters into the pipe or pipes, and flows in countercurrent to the mixture situated on the outside of the pipe or pipes, towards a melt discharge.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing molten iron by using a calcination furnace, and a manufacturing method therefor are disclosed. A high temperature reducing gas (1000 to 1100° C.) from a melter gasifier is used as a calcination heat in a calcination furnace so as to cool the high temperature reducing gas to the optimum reduction temperature (800 to 850° C.), and so as to supply the cooled reducing gas to a shaft furnace, whereby the manufacture of the molten iron can be efficiently carried out, and a high thermal efficiency is realized even without a separate gas cooling device. Therefore, a separate cooling device for cooling the hot reducing gas of the melter gasifier is not required. Further, the hot reducing gas is naturally cooled at the calcination furnace, and therefore, the thermal efficiency of the hot reducing gas of the melter gasifier is maximized. Further, a separate water-using cooler and a separate compressor are omitted, and therefore, the molten iron manufacturing facility is simplified.

Abstract: A method of pyroprocessing mineral ores, such as iron ore. The method includes receiving a preheated product stream of iron-containing pellets at an infeed end of a rotary kiln and introducing an oxidizing gas into the tumbling bed toward the infeed end of the rotary kiln. Additionally, a combustible fuel is introduced through ports above the tumbling bed such that combustion of the introduced fuel increases the temperature of the product stream toward the infeed end. The increase in the temperature of the product stream allows the intensity of the flame from the centerline burner to be decreased, resulting in a reduction in the production of NOx. The apparatus for introducing both the oxidizing gas and fuel into the rotary kiln are common with each other.

Abstract: Mercury salt-containing discharge effluents such as from B-5 fixatives and PVA fixatives are treated to remove mercury therefrom. The present method contemplates plates the addition of aluminum to the effluent to cause the precipitation of elemental mercury therefrom. The remaining effluent, after precipitation, can be decanted and post treated while recovering precipitated elemental mercury. The decanted effluent, once subjected to post treatment, by first rendering the effluent highly basic, is the neutralized. Neutralization causes the precipitation of sodium chloride. A water conditioner is then added thereto. Subsequently, the so-treated decanted effluent is then filtered through a filtering medium such as filter paper or the like. A second filtration step may then be carried out by passing the so-filtered effluent through a mixed bed or through a filter paper.

Abstract: A reactor system that includes a reactor nozzle for use with a reactor vessel and process for its use for producing sodium metal, by a reaction of an alkali hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide, as a reactant, with methane gas as a reductant, at high heat.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for bioprocessing particles wherein particles are entrapped a porous material and have biologically active microorganisms on their surfaces. A liquid (carrying oxygen and/or nutrients for said microorganisms) is passed through the entrapped particles and microorganisms and microorganisms are active to breakdown said particles. After a suitable period of time the particles are removed from the matrix.

Abstract: Iron ore is reduced to molten iron by introducing the ore into a reactor while combusting coal with pure oxygen in the reactor. The molten iron phase, which forms at the bottom of the reactor, is stirred by injecting carbon monoxide into the molten iron. In a preferred embodiment, finely pulverized iron ore is injected with pure oxygen tangentially into a cyclone section of the furnace situated on top of a converter section, thereby causing melting and preliminary reduction of the ore to take place in the cyclone section. Primary reduction of the iron oxide occurs in the converter section of the furnace.

Abstract: A metal reduction and melting process which involves the heating of a burden comprising a metal containing component and a carbon containing component in a channel type induction furnace in order to reduce such metal containing component, in which at least part of the gaseous products of the process is utilized for preheating the burden; and apparatus for carrying out such preheating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for leaching sulfidic nickel matte and particularly copper rich nickel matte, as well as for leaching said matte together with a metallic copper and/or copper-nickel matte. The leach of nickel matte is carried out as pressure leach in one or several stages by means of copper sulfate.

Abstract: A flux composition for brazing aluminum, comprising a fluoride flux, at least one selected from a butyl rubber and a petroleum resin, and a solvent. The novel flux composition has excellent processing properties and provides brazed areas (fillets) with good appearance.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the recovery of gold and/or silver values from activated carbon, wherein they are adsorbed as cyanide complexes. The process uses an eluant containing sugar. The process allows the eluant to pass through fresh carbon twice, thereby reducing the volume of the gold-loaded eluant. This, in turn, reduces the size of the electrowinning or zinc precipitation circuits. The process also improves elution efficiency when barren electrowinning solution is recycled in the elution process.

Abstract: The invention relates to activated magnesium metal, to a method of activating magnesium metal and to its use for the preparation of organomagnesium compounds. The activated magnesium metal is obtainable by reacting molten magnesium metal with magnesium hydride; or by heating a mixture of magnesium metal and magnesium hydride until molten.

Abstract: Process for forming an aluminum alloy strip, including the steps of a) obtaining an aluminum alloy consisting essentially of, by weight, 0.5 to 13% Si, 0 to 2% Mg, 0 to 2% Cu, 0 to 1% Mn, 0 to 2% Fe, other elements less than 0.5% each and less than 2% total, and remainder Al; and b) continuously casting the aluminum alloy between twin cooled rolls having a force applied thereto, to obtain a cast strip of thickness between 1.5 and 5 mm, and optionally cold rolling the cast strip. The force applied to the rolls is maintained below an amount represented by a straight line between a point A and a point B on a graph of specific applied force (y-axis) vs. cast width (x-axis), where point A is (1.5 mm, 750 tons/meter at cast width) and point B is (5 mm, 500 tons/meter of cast width).

Abstract: A method for producing a high strength hot-rolled steel sheet with good formability applicable to automobiles, industrial machines and the like is disclosed. The basic composition of TRIP steel is adjusted wherein Cu is added to improve the strength by precipitation hardening of a fine &egr;—Cu. Other conditions are controlled to obtain a tensile strength of over 90 kg/mm2 with good formability. The steel is composed of 0.15-0.3% by weight of C, 1.5-2.5% by weight of Si, 0.6-1.8% by weight of Mn, 0.02-0.10% by weight of Al, 0.6-2.0% by weight of Cu, 0.6-2.0% by weight of Ni, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities and has a microstructure of multi-phase structure consisting of ferrite, bainite, and retained austenite, or a granular structure (M-A constituents in bainitic ferrite matrix). The steel is finish rolled at a temperature of 750-880° C., water cooled from a water cooling initiation temperature of 680-740° C.