Abstract: A fiber reinforced porous preform is positioned within a die cavity defined by upper and lower die members, and the lower die member defines at least one gate opening in the center portion of a water cooled shot sleeve which receives a vertically moveable shot piston. The area of the gate opening is small relative to the area of the shot sleeve, and the lower die member defines an annular recess above the inner surface of the shot sleeve for entrapping a shell of pre-solidified metal. Air vent slots extend outwardly between the shot sleeve and lower die member and are closed by the shell of pre-solidified metal. In one embodiment, the shot sleeve and shot piston are non-circular or oval in cross-section; and the lower die member has a plurality of longitudinally space gate openings.

Abstract: A material for plastic working is produced by the steps of using a mold having a mold cavity (16) partially defined by an end surface of a stopper (13) for closing a molten metal inlet (101), teeming molten metal (10) into the mold cavity through the inlet and cooling the molten metal to thereby attain unidirectional solidification of the molten metal. Regulation of the cooling rate enables the mean grain size to be graded in the direction from the cooled face (B surface) to the opposing face (T surface) and the added components to increase in the same direction. It is possible to obtain a material for plastic working that has a selected portion exhibiting an excellent function.

Abstract: A machining device comprising five axial kinetic coordinate systems that can be controlled simultaneously, three axes of which, are linear moving axes and two axes of which are rotary axes, with one axis of the five axes being provided with a tool rotating function, whereby said machining device is equipped with a cutting tool 51 and a friction stir welding tool 52. The current value observed when a large-diameter portion of said tool 52 contacts the work object is set in advance, and by observing the torque current of the rotary shaft of the tool 52 during friction stir welding, the insertion depth of the tool 52 can be controlled by maintaining the observed torque current above the preset current value, thus providing a good weld. A single device can provide both the cutting and the welding. Thus, it is possible to reduce equipment cost, installation space, plant area, lead time and production cost.

Abstract: A liquid-cooled mold for a continuous casting of metals, including mold plates made of copper or a copper alloy, which are connected respectively to an adapter plate or a cooling-water tank by clamping bolts. The mold is characterized in that the clamping bolts are fastened to plateau pedestals which project in an island-like manner from the cooling arrangement side of the mold plate, which jut at least partially into a cooling arrangement gap formed between the mold plate and the adapter plate or the cooling-water tank, respectively, and have a streamlined shape adjusted to the flow direction of the cooling arrangement.

Abstract: A wire bonding apparatus with a bonding head that includes an ultrasonic transducer having a capillary at its tip end, piezo-electric elements that form a pair of complementary action type extension and retraction driving elements which cause the ultrasonic transducer to move with respect to a transducer holder, an impact detection sensor, and a Z motor which drives the transducer holder. The piezo-electric elements are arranged so that when one of them is driven to extend, the other is driven to retract. When the impact detection sensor detects that the capillary is lowered by the Z motor and comes into contact with a bonding object (semiconductor chip), the driving of the Z motor is stopped, and the piezo-electric elements are driven to the directions of extension and retraction in a complementary manner, thus swinging the ultrasonic transducer and moving the capillary upward.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for the casting of metals comprising the steps of: indexing a mould (3) in series on a rotating carousel (2) to a pouring station (2.1), skimming station (2.2) and a mould transfer station (2.3); casting molten metal into the mould at the pouring station (2.1); skimming dross from the molten metal at the skimming station (2.2); transferring the mould (3) containing molten metal from the mould transfer station (2.3) to a cooling section (5) and replacing it at the mould transfer station (2.3) with an empty mould; transferring a cooled mould containing a solidified metal ingot (10) from the cooling section (5) to a demoulding station (7) remote from the rotating carousel (2); removing the solidified ingot (10) from the mould (3); removing the pin/hook members (11) from the ingot (10); returning the pin/hook members (11) to the empty mould (3); returning the empty mould (3) to the mould transfer station (2.3); and transferring the ingot (10) to the further processing.

Abstract: Methods and associated apparatus are disclosed for use in mounting particles on and de-mounting particles from a substrate having an array of tacky and non-tacky areas. The particles can be either electrically conducting or electrically non-conducting. Selection of electrically conducting particles is preferred. The substrate having an array of tacky and non-tacky areas can either be electrically non-conducting (e.g., a dielectric substrate) or electrically-conducting. The methods involve use of first and second electrode plates with the substrate therebetween, the plates having applied thereto a direct current potential, which potential in preferred embodiments is reversed in polarity for a number N of cycles. Methods and articles are disclosed using an electrically conductive surface adjacent the tacky and non-tacky areas to minimize static buildup on the particles and tacky and non-tacky areas.

Abstract: Concave portions and convex portion are formed on a peripheral surface of a thin metal sheet by applying a pressing force thereto while the metal sheet is being embossed; pores are each formed on an apex of each of the concave portions and convex portions and burrs each projecting outward from a peripheral edge of each of the pores are generated by the pressing force, the metal sheets having the concave portions and convex portions formed thereon are layered on each other; the burr at the apex of each convex portion of a lower-layer metal sheet is interlocked with the burr at the apex of each concave portion of a upper-layer metal sheet adjacent to the lower-layer metal sheet to integrate the metal sheets with each other; and an active substance is charged into spaces between the upper-layer sheet and the lower-layer metal sheet through and aperture at the apex of each of the concave portions and convex portions.

Abstract: A liquid-cooled mold for the continuous casting of metals, including mold plates made of copper or a copper alloy, which are supported at their rear on supporting plates by the use of a plurality of bolts. The bolts have bolt heads in the region of the backsides of the supporting plates facing away from the mold plates. Between the bolt heads and the supporting plate an articulation system making possible relative motion between the mold plate and the supporting plates is incorporated, having two articulation members, between which a sliding element is undetachably embedded.

Abstract: A design of copper welding electrode is disclosed. The electrode can be used in successive spot welding operations on assembled aluminum alloy sheet parts of widely varying thicknesses, e.g., from 0.9 to 4+ mm. The electrode has a round body terminating in a truncated cone with a crowned face. The face has a diameter of about eleven millimeters up to the diameter of the body and the radius of the crowned face is about twenty to thirty millimeters. The dimensions and shape of the electrode provide robust welding performances despite varying part thicknesses and off angle electrode positioning, and the textured surface provides good electrical contact.

Abstract: A process for producing a continuous-casting plant for producing these products and a submerged nozzle therefor and a continuously cast primary product, in particular broad slabs, having a thickness of the primary product D>100 mm and a width of the primary product B=2700 mm to 3500 mm at a casting rate vc<2 m/min in a continuous-casting plant.

Abstract: A method of producing on-demand, semi-solid material for a casting process includes the steps of first heating a metal alloy until it reaches a molten state and maintaining that molten state within a desired temperature range. The next step is to ladle out a portion of the molten alloy and transfer it into a processing vessel. In one arrangement the vessel is configured with its own cooling arrangement so as to begin the solidification process for the molten alloy. In another embodiment, a thermal jacket is used to facilitate the cooling of the vessel and accordingly the cooling of the molten alloy. The next step is to apply an electromagnetic field to the molten alloy in order to create a stirring action which results in a desired flow pattern of the molten alloy within the vessel. The electromagnetic stirring begins as soon as the molten alloy is placed in the vessel and continues while the cooling continues in order to create a slurry billet of the desired metallurgical composition.

Abstract: The invention encompasses a method of bonding a first mass to a second mass. A first mass of first material and a second mass of second material are provided and joined in physical contact with one another. The first and second masses are then diffusion bonded to one another simultaneously with the development of grains of the second material in the second mass. The diffusion bonding comprises solid state diffusion between the first mass and the second mass. A predominate portion of the developed grains in the second material have a maximum dimension of less than 100 microns. The invention also encompasses methods of forming a physical vapor deposition target bonded to a backing plate.

Abstract: An ingot I made of a light alloy is produced using a continuous casting apparatus including a cylindrical water-cooled casting mold which is disposed immediately below a spout having an upward-turned molten metal receiving port and a downward-turned molten metal outlet, and which has an inside radius r1 larger than an inside radius r2 of the molten metal outlet, and lubricating oil discharge passages provided below the spout to supply a lubricating oil to between the water-cooled casting mold 13 and a molten metal m brought into contact with the water-cooled casting mold. In this production, a lubricating oil having a vaporization rate of 30% or more at 300° is used, and an annular gas accumulation for spacing the molten metal apart from outlets of the lubricating oil discharge passages is defined below an annular protrusion of the spout by vaporization of the lubricating oil.

Abstract: To prevent, in a cooled ring carrier (1) for pistons, durinh Alfin bonding, the formation of oxides induced by air that escapes due to porous ring carrier material and, as a consequence, an impairment of the ring carrier bond. To this end, the cooled ring carrier, once the ring carrier part and the sheet metal part (3) have been linked, is subjected to negative pressure in a vacuum tank.

Abstract: There is provided a zeolite bound zeolite catalyst which does not contain significant amounts of non-zeolitic binder and a process for converting hydrocarbons utilizing the zeolite bound zeolite catalyst. The catalyst comprises first zeolite, crystals, a binder comprising second zeolite crystals and a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation metal. The zeolite bound zeolite catalyst is prepared by converting the silica binder of a silica bound aggregate containing the first crystals of said first zeolite and at least a portion of the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation metal to said second zeolite. Conversion processes such as naphtha reforming xylene isomerization/ethylbenzene conversion, the zeolite bound zeolite catalyst has excellent performance when used in hydrocarbon conversion processes such as naphtha reforming and xylenes isomerization/ethylbenzene conversion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for coating shaped bodies made of a superconducting material based on (Y/SE)BaCuO. The invention is characterized in that a coating consisting of a coating material is applied to at least one part of a surface of the shaped body, whereby the coating material at least partially melts at a lower temperature than that of the material of the shaped body and/or is flowable at a lower temperature than that of said material. The shaped body with the applied coating material is heated to a temperature at which the material of the shaped body does not yet melt and/or is not yet flowable, however at which the coating material is at least partially melted thereon and/or is in a flowable state.

Abstract: The subject method pertains to a method and apparatus for welding. The subject invention can be utilized for welding very thin sections of stainless steel. The subject technique can incorporate a laser, such as a Nd:YAG, CO2, or diode laser. Furthermore, the laser may be a continuous wave (CW) or pulsed type. The subject invention can reduce or eliminate the need for expensive seam tracking or line following devices to compensate for tooling tolerances, stamping tolerances, and other effects leading to movement of the parts as they are rotated under a welding means. The subject invention can enable high quality symmetrical welds on thin sections of material, while reducing the attention required by a human operator. Furthermore, the method can be applied to other materials. Because of the nature of the beam delivery system, the spatial mode structure of the laser beam is no longer critical to the weld quality of the finished product.

Abstract: An apparatus for locally applying solder to a plurality of sets of preselected conductive areas on each printed circuit board to which component leads are joined. The apparatus includes a flux station with flux nozzles, a preheater station, and a wave solder station with solder nozzles, arranged in line to receive and process printed circuit boards. The flux nozzles and the solder nozzles are arranged in a pattern identical to that of the preselected conductive areas on each of the board. A conveyor system is arranged to simultaneously transporting the boards from one station to another.

Abstract: One method of the present invention includes introducing a slurry into a mold unit comprised of a mold contained within a casting receptacle and lowering the temperature of the slurry to freeze the slurry and form a freeze-cast substrate while controlling temperature gradients within the mold unit to minimize distortion in the freeze-cast substrate. Another method includes introducing a slurry into a mold unit comprised of a mold contained within a casting receptacle, placing insulation material around at least a portion of the casting receptacle to minimize distortion in the freeze-cast substrate by controlling temperature gradients within the mold unit, and lowering the temperature of the slurry to freeze the slurry to form a freeze-cast substrate.