Abstract: A NdFeB system sintered magnet produced by the grain boundary diffusion method and has a high coercive force and squareness ratio with only a small decrease in the maximum energy product. A NdFeB system sintered magnet having a base material produced by orienting powder of a NdFeB system alloy and sintering the powder, with Dy and/or Tb (the “Dy and/or Tb” is hereinafter called RH) attached to and diffused from a surface of the base material through the grain boundary inside the base material by a grain boundary diffusion treatment, wherein the difference Cgx?Cx between the RH content Cgx (wt %) in the grain boundary and the RH content Cx (wt %) in main-phase grains which are grains constituting the base material at the same depth within a range from the surface to which RH is attached to a depth of 3 mm is equal to or larger than 3 wt %.

Abstract: Provided is a lead-free solder alloy and soldering capable of maintaining strong joining strength even in a high-temperature state after soldering and having high reliability and versatility. The lead-free solder alloy composition of the present invention has Sn—Cu—Ni as a basic composition, which includes 0.1 to 2.0 mass % of Cu, and 0.01 to 0.5 mass % of Ni, 0.1 to 5 mass % of Bi, and 76.0 to 99.5 mass % of Sn, such that it is possible to implement soldering with high reliability without decreasing joining strength of a soldered joint even in a state of being exposed to high temperature for a long time, as well as joining strength at the time of bonding.

Abstract: The present disclosure various apparatuses, and systems for 3D printing. The present disclosure provides three-dimensional (3D) printing methods, apparatuses, software and systems for a step and repeat energy irradiation process; controlling material characteristics and/or deformation of the 3D object; reducing deformation in a printed 3D object; and planarizing a material bed.

Abstract: Provided is an ultrahigh-strength gas metal arc welded joint having a high degree of impact toughness. The ultrahigh-strength gas metal arc welded joint comprises, by wt %, carbon (C): 0.05% to 0.1%, silicon (Si): 0.2% to 0.7%, manganese (Mn): 1.5% to 2.5%, nickel (Ni): 2.0% to 3.5%, chromium (Cr): 0.3% to 0.9%, copper (Cu): 0.1% to 0.3%, molybdenum (Mo): 0.5% to 0.8%, titanium (Ti): 0.02% to 0.04%, boron (B): 0.002% to 0.005%, aluminum (Al): 0.001% to 0.03%, nitrogen (N): 0.002% to 0.007%, phosphorus (P): 0.03% or less, sulfur (S): 0.03% or less, oxygen (O): 0.02% to 0.05%, and a balance of iron (Fe) and other inevitable impurities, satisfying 0.4?Ti/O?1.2., 2.8?Ti/N?9.0, 10?(2Ti+5B)/N?20, and 3.5?Mn+2Cr+3Mo+3Cu?7.5.

Abstract: A powder metal material comprises pre-alloyed iron-based powder including carbon present in an amount of 0.25 to 1.50% by weight of the pre-alloyed iron-based powder. Graphite is admixed in an amount of 0.25 to 1.50% by weight of the powder metal material. The admixed graphite includes particles finer than 200 mesh in an amount greater than 90.0% by weight of the admixed graphite. Molybdenum disulfide is admixed in an amount of 0.1 to 4.0% by weight of the powder metal material, copper is admixed in an amount of 1.0 to 5.0% by weight of the powder metal material, and the material is free of phosphorous. The powder metal material is then compacted and sintered at a temperature of 1030 to 1150° C. At least 50% of the admixed graphite of the starting powder metal material remains as free graphite after sintering.

Abstract: A hot-rolled steel sheet according to the present invention has a chemical composition comprising, in mass %, C: 0.03 to 0.2%, Mn: 0.1 to 3.0%, P: 0.10% or less, S: 0.03% or less, Al+Si: 0.2 to 3.0%, N: more than 0% and equal to or less than 0.01%, O: more than 0% and equal to or less than 0.01%, and the balance: iron and impurities. A microstructure of the hot-rolled steel sheet contains bainite as the main constituent, and contains hard phases constituted by martensite and/or austenite in an amount of, in area fraction, equal to or more than 3% and less than 20% where 60% or more of the hard phase present in a sheet-thickness central portion have an aspect ratio of 3 or more, the hard phases present in the sheet-thickness central portion have a length in a rolling direction of less than 20 ?m, and the sum of X-ray random intensity ratios of <011> orientation and <111> orientation as viewed from the rolling direction is 3.

Abstract: An external component for timepieces or pieces of jewelry, made of a light precious alloy containing titanium and palladium, according to the atomic formula TiaPdbMcTd, where a, b, c, d are atomic fractions of the total, such that a+b+c+d=1. a is 0.44 to 0.55, b is 0.30 to 0.45, c is 0.04 to 0.24, and d is 0.001 to 0.03. The alloy includes at most two metals M, taken from among Nb, V, Fe, Co, Au, Pt. Each metal trace T has an atomic percentage of less than 3.00% of the total alloy, from among Nb, V, Mo, Ta, W, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Ir, Au, Pt, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ag, Al, B, Si, Ge, Sn, Sb, and In. The alloy contains at least 0.05% of boron, and contains at least 50% by mass of palladium.

Abstract: A lightweight, selectively degradable composite material includes a compacted powder mixture of a first powder and a second powder. The first powder comprises first metal particles comprising Mg, Al, Mn, or Zn, having a first particle oxidation potential. The second powder comprises low-density ceramic, glass, cermet, intermetallic, metal, polymer, or inorganic compound second particles. At least one of the first particles and the second particles includes a metal coating layer of a coating material disposed on an outer surface having a coating oxidation potential that is different than the first particle oxidation potential. The compacted powder mixture has a microstructure comprising: a matrix comprising the first metal particles; the second particles dispersed within the matrix; and a network comprising interconnected adjoining metal coating layers that extends throughout the matrix, the lightweight, selectively degradable composite material having a density of about 3.5 g/cm3 or less.

Abstract: A copper alloy for electronic devices has a low Young's modulus, high proof stress, high electrical conductivity and excellent bending formability and is appropriate for a component for electronic devices including a terminal, a connector, a relay and a lead frame. Also a method of manufacturing a copper alloy utilizes a copper alloy plastic working material for electronic devices, and a component for electronic devices. The copper alloy includes Mg at 3.3 to 6.9 at %, with a remainder substantially being Cu and unavoidable impurities. When a concentration of Mg is X at %, an electrical conductivity ? (% IACS) is in a range of ??{1.7241/(?0.0347×X2+0.6569×X+1.7)}×100, and an average grain size is in a range of 1 ?m-100 ?m. In addition, an average grain size of a copper material after an intermediate heat treatment and before finishing working is in a range of 1 ?m-100 ?m.

Abstract: Light, precious gold-titanium based alloy containing, by mass, at least 750‰ of gold, characterized in that said alloy has the following composition formula: TiaAubMcTd where a, b, c, d are atomic proportions such that: a+b+c+d=1, 0.45?a?0.55; 0.41?b?0.495; 0.025?c?0.13; 0.001?d?0.025, where M represents one or more elements taken from among a first group including Nb, V, Pd, Pt, Fe, and where T represents a maximum of two elements taken from among a second group including Nb, V, Pd, Pt, Fe, Mo, Ta, W, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Ir, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ag, Al, B, Si, Ge, Sn, Sb, In, with the exception of said metals M comprised in said alloy. Component for timepiece or for jewellery made from such a light, precious gold-titanium based alloy.

Abstract: A cBN sintered body contains cBN particles whose proportion is 85-97% by volume, and a binding phase whose proportion is 3-15% by volume. The cBN sintered body contains Al whose ratio to the entirety of the cBN sintered body is 0.1-5% by mass, and Co whose mass ratio to the Al is 3 to 40, and includes Al3B6Co20.

Abstract: A solder paste consists of an amount of a first solder alloy powder between 60 wt % to 92 wt %; an amount of a second solder alloy powder greater than 0 wt % and less than 12 wt %; and a flux; wherein the first solder alloy powder comprises a first solder alloy that has a solidus temperature above 260° C.; and wherein the second solder alloy powder comprises a second solder alloy that has a solidus temperature that is less than 250° C.

Abstract: A profiled element suitable for repeated deformation and relaxation, which profiled element is made from a case hardened stainless steel including at least 9% chromium and up to 6% nickel which profiled element has a material thickness in the range of from 0.2 mm to 3 mm and a nitrogen martensitic case with a case depth in the range of from 10 ?m to 50 ?m and a surface hardness of up to 750 HV0.05 and to a method of case hardening a workpiece made from a stainless steel including at least 9% chromium and up to 5% nickel, which workplace has a material thickness in the range of from 0.2 mm to 3 mm. The profiled element may be a fixing element for fixing a bearing element and a fastening element against each other, and the method is suited in the manufacture of the fixing element.

Abstract: In a steel sheet pile according to the present invention, a carbon equivalent CEN is 0.260 to 0.500, a structure includes a ferrite, a pearlite, a Widmanstätten ferrite, and a precipitate, the precipitate is one or both of Nb carbonitride and V carbonitride, a total number density of the precipitate is 0.10 to 0.30 pieces/?m2, a total area ratio of the ferrite and the pearlite is 70% or more, an area ratio of the Widmanstätten ferrite is 1% or more, an average grain size of the ferrite and the pearlite is 10 to 80 ?m, and a yield strength is 460 MPa or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides a producing method of R-T-B-based sintered magnets in which, the recovery chamber 40 includes inert gas introducing means 42, evacuating means 43, a carry-in port, a discharge port 40a, and a recovery container 60. The recovery step includes a carrying-in step of conveying a processing container 50 into the recovery chamber 40, a discharging step of discharging coarsely pulverized powder in the processing container 50 into the recovery chamber 40, a gas introducing step of introducing inert gas into the recovery chamber 40, and an alloy accommodating step of recovering the coarsely pulverized powder into the recovery container 60. Addition of pulverization aid is carried out in the alloy accommodating step. A remaining amount of coarsely pulverized powder in the recovery chamber 40, an oxygen-containing amount of the R-T-B-based sintered magnet is reduced, and magnetic properties are enhanced.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating dental prostheses are provided that include the steps of providing a powder of a dental material, and then selectively melting the powder of the dental material to produce a functionally graded layer of the dental material. Additional layers of functionally graded dental material are then built on top of the initial layer of dental material to thereby produce a three-dimensional dental prosthesis having a functionally graded structure and a desired physical geometry. Dental prostheses produced by the foregoing methods are also provided.

Abstract: Processes for producing low-nitrogen metallic chromium or chromium-containing alloys, which prevent the nitrogen in the surrounding atmosphere from being carried into the melt and being absorbed by the metallic chromium or chromium-containing alloy during the metallothermic reaction, include vacuum-degassing a thermite mixture comprising metal compounds and metallic reducing powders contained within a vacuum vessel, igniting the thermite mixture to effect reduction of the metal compounds within the vessel under reduced pressure i.e., below 1 bar, and conducting the entire reduction reaction in said vessel under reduced pressure, including solidification and cooling, to produce a final product with a nitrogen content below 10 ppm. The final products obtained, in addition to low-nitrogen metallic chromium in combination with other elements, can be used as raw materials in the manufacture of superalloys, stainless steel and other specialty steels whose final content of nitrogen is below 10 ppm.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing alloy forms from alloys containing one or more extremely reactive elements and for fabricating a component therefrom. The fabricating method comprises substantially removing a reactive gas from the fabrication environment. An alloy form of the alloy is formed. The alloy form is formed by melting the alloy or by melting one or more base elements of the alloy to produce a molten liquid and introducing the one or more extremely reactive elements into the molten liquid. The molten alloy is shaped into the alloy form. The component is formed from the alloy form. If the one or more extremely reactive elements are introduced into the molten liquid, such introduction occurs just prior to the shaping step.

Abstract: Provided is a brass alloy excellent in recyclability and corrosion resistance while avoiding the addition of Bi and Si, and with which machinability is ensured and processing is facilitated with preventing inclusion of lead. The present invention includes at least 58.0 to 63.0 mass % of Cu, 1.0 to 2.0 mass % of Sn and 0.05 to 0.29 mass % of Sb and the remainder composed of Zn and unavoidable impurities. With the present invention, stress corrosion crack resistance and machinability are improved. 0.05 to 1.5 mass % of Ni is included in a copper alloy to improve stress corrosion crack resistance as a result of the interaction between Ni and Sb. Furthermore, 0.05 to 0.2 mass % of P is included to improve anti-dezincification properties.

Abstract: A method for forming a part having a dual property microstructure includes the steps of: forming a blank having a narrow top portion and a wide base portion; heating the blank to an elevated temperature; and forming a dual property microstructure in the blank by cooling different portions of the blank at different cooling rates.