Abstract: An adjustable camera lens forms an image of an object on an image plane. First and second mirrors produce respective first and second detection images of the object on respective first and second arrays of light sensors. These arrays form portions of an integrated circuit chip. Upon each actuation of the apparatus to provide a focusing adjustment of the lens, a single pass scanning mechanism moves one of the mirrors, independently of the lens, completely through its full range of movement in a single scanning pass, and then arrests this scanning movement of the mirror until the apparatus is subsequently actuated again to initiate a subsequent scanning and focusing operation. The scanning movement of the mirror moves the corresponding image on the corresponding array.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the polarization potential of anodically protected metal structures in moist soil in a current field utilizes auxiliary electrodes and a reference electrode immersed adjacent the metal structure in the same soil. The auxiliary electrodes are connected to the metal structure, then disconnected, and the electrical potential between the auxiliary electrodes and reference electrode is measured immediately after the disconnection.

Abstract: A pincette type multi-tester having a body portion, a minus checking bar which is rigidly attached to the bottom of said body and extending downwardly therefrom, a plus checking bar which is removably and pivotally affixed to the bottom of said body at a location spaced from said minus checking bar. The plus checking bar has a flexible helical electrical wire affixed to the top thereof which wire is electrically connected to said body at the top of the body. A flexible clip is provided located on the bottom of said body which engages the top of the plus checking bar and allows for the pivotal movement thereof as well as for complete manual disengagement therefrom.

Abstract: Apparatus in a continuous processing line or wire wherein a welded joint, a disconnected part or an entangled part of a metallic wire, traveling continuously, is detected by sensing a variation in the electrostatic capacity between a detecting element and the wire member. The detecting element is so supported as to be displaceable when pressed by the metallic wire, which passes over an auxiliary roller which is disposed at a position opposite to the detecting element, with the wire moving therebetween. A pair of guide rollers disposed forwardly and rearwardly of the detecting element, in the traveling direction of the wire, and a pair of press rollers are disposed on the same side as that of the detecting element and between the detecting element and the guide rollers in order to normally hold the wire member to be detected in contact with the auxiliary roller.

Abstract: In multiple aperture electronic particle detecting apparatus, there are variations in the physical construction of the apertures intended to be identical, as a result of which the signals produced by the identical sized particle, if passed through all of the apertures, will not be identical. Each apparatus in which a multiple aperture arrangement is used requires many adjustments to be made in balancing the apparatus to compensate for the variations in the signals produced. A method and electronic circuit are disclosed which enable simplified balancing of the detecting means of the apparatus without the need for the many adjustments required heretofore. Particles of unknown size in suspension are passed through the apertures and the current supplied to all but one of the apertures is adjusted to render the signals produced of equal amplitude.

Abstract: An opto-electronic transducer for determining position and/or velocity of one member with respect to another member is provided with light amplitude control. The transducer is comprised of a scale with a transmission grating on a first track and an indexing bar near each end of a second track adjacent the first, and a reticle with two sections of the same grating, one section being offset spatially one quarter cycle with respect to the other section for producing quadrature signals through two photosensors opposite the first track from which relative position and/or velocity between the reticle and the scale can be determined. A slit is provided in the reticle in order to provide information for determining position relative to the indexing bars. A single photosensor opposite the second track is used both to detect the indexing bars and to provide a feedback control signal to maintain the amplitude of light illuminating the scale and reticle constant.

Abstract: An improved gas ionization cell with compensation for variations in flow rate of the gas and variations in radioactive source intensity. A gas sample is directed past a source of ionizing radiation and through a recombination region to an ion collection screen, where output current is monitored to give an indication of trace gases or vapors present in the gas under surveillance. Compensation for changes in gas flow rate and source intensity is provided by taking a portion of the gas subjected to the ionizing radiation and directing that portion of the gas through a channel by-passing the recombination region of the cell and past a pair of conductive probes. The first probe of the pair is biased at a predetermined voltage, while electric current is monitored at the second probe spaced downstream from the first probe.

Abstract: A speed sensor mounting assembly for a gas turbine speed sensor insures a magnetic speed sensing device is positioned a predetermined distance from a toothed wheel mounted on the output shaft of the gas turbine. The magnetic speed sensing device, which may be of conventional manufacture, is affixed in a fitting located at one end of a flexible conduit which extends outwardly from the vicinity of the shaft to an access port in the engine casing. The use of the flexible conduit allows remote rotation of the fitting and sensing device to threadably engage the fitting with a socket affixed to the engine adjacent the output shaft. Electrical conductor leads are contained in the flexible conduit for interconnection of the sensing device and appropriate electronic circuitry.

Abstract: An extensible coded carrier provided with a binary code, consisting of a number of binary code elements mounted, for example, on a printed-circuit board. The code is capable of being extended to include an element which is analogue in principle, for example, a resistor. If desired, the analogue code element may be converted into a digital code element with the aid of a discriminator. The extended code may be used as an address to address a treatment programme.

Abstract: A speedometer-odometer apparatus is described comprising an encoding apparatus for generating pulses as a function of the distance a vehicle is moved, a calibrating apparatus and an indicating circuit means for visually indicating the distance and speed of the movement. Coupled between the encoding apparatus and the indicating circuit means, the calibrating apparatus is provided for controlling the number of pulses delivered to the indicating circuit means from the encoding apparatus so that the indicating circuit means will provide a predetermined output when the vehicle in which the apparatus is mounted is moved a predetermined distance. For providing a highly accurate and direct readout of the distance, there is provided, in the indicating circuit means and coupled to the output of the calibrating apparatus, a plurality of division circuits.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for measuring the electron escape potential (or: Volta potential) of a metal surface. This apparatus comprises a conductive plate to be placed into the vicinity of and parallel to a metal surface under examination in order to form a capacitor; switch means for electrically connecting the conductive plate to a reference potential point; means for subjecting the conductive plate to vibration in a direction vertical to the metal surface; and an external circuit for measuring a measuring potential which is proportional to a current emitted by the capacitor. The conductive plate together with the switch means and part of the vibration-generating means are located in a probe and this probe is connected with the remainder of the apparatus by means of a flexible line which includes the required electric connections.

Abstract: In an electro-optic laser beam modulation system wherein the polarization modulation of the laser beam is converted into intensity modulation by an analyzer positioned in the path of the beam, a pair of photo-electric detectors detects a portion of the input and output beams. A divisor registers the ratio between the intensities detected. A compensator rotates the polarization of the output beam to establish a desired ratio, and a comparison system is connected to the divisor and the compensator to maintain the desired ratio.

Abstract: A circuit for determining the slope of a signal of a predetermined minimum duration and below an upper limit by carrying out an integration first in a positive and then in a negative direction in which means are provided to insure that the integration is carried out and an output provided only when measuring a portion of the signal which is free from disturbances.

Abstract: Leads of electronic components, such as dual-inline packages, are contacted for test purposes by opposed pairs of cantilever-spring contacts. The tips of each pair of contacts are offset with respect to each other when in position for testing so that they do not touch each other when a lead is absent. The opposed contacts provide equal forces on opposite sides of the leads, so that no lead support is required for testing, and also provide open circuits instead of shorted circuits when a lead is absent.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for measuring hematocrit. A diluted blood sample is passed through a well-known conductivity sensor providing a sensor pulse for each sensed blood cell. Each pulse has a peak amplitude corresponding to the size of a blood cell passing through the sensor. During a first time period initiated by passing of the sensor pulse above a threshold level, the sensor pulse is coupled to peak detecting means, and a signal indicative of the level of the peak is generated and stored. The value of each stored signal is added to an integrator for a fixed period of time. The value stored by the integrator is thus indicative of hematocrit level for a known sample volume.

Abstract: Diesel engine speed is sensed by a thermistor which is disposed within an air inlet of the engine manifold so that the resistance of the thermistor varies in accordance with the temperature of the air within the inlet and thus in accordance with the speed of the engine. The thermistor is connected in a transistor circuit which derives, in response to the change in resistance of the thermistor, an electric signal having a frequency which varies in accordance with engine speed.

Abstract: A scale reading apparatus having a dust-proof means for protection of the slide and guide surfaces, the relatively moving parts of the apparatus, from the ingress of foreign material and a means for sensing the scale reading. The dust-proof means includes a flexible band covering the entire length of the slide surfaces and an opening connecting the moving parts. The scale sensing means is resiliently mounted at an angle to the verticle thereby substantially reducing the forces applied and the affects of vibration upon the scale sensing means to insure a high precision reading.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for the noncontact measurement of the clearance between the blade tips of a rotating turbine and the surrounding housing. Blade tip clearance is measured by placing a capacitance probe in the housing wall. The probe consists of two metallic conductors insulated one from the other and arranged to form the plates of a capacitor. Passing of a blade tip in close proximity to the two plates of the probe changes its capacitance. Electronic circuitry measures the change in capacitance and hence the clearance between blade tip and probe. Use of a balanced type input avoids the need for a ground return path and enables the use of a long sensor cable without degradation of results.

Abstract: Apparatus to enable potentials applied to various operating components of an electrostatic type reproduction machine to be measured by an electrostatic voltmeter. The apparatus comprises structures designed to place the sensing element of the voltmeter in predetermined spaced relationship with the reproduction machine photoreceptor. A shutter is provided to close off the probe window when the apparatus is not in use and automatic switches are provided to couple the probe to ground to calibrate the probe and protect the probe sensing circuit in response to closure of the shutter. Remote means are provided to enable the probe to be moved into and out of operating position and to operate the shutter.

Abstract: Feedback circuit for the probe of an d.c. type electrostatic voltmeter to reduce spacing sensitivity thereof. A variable gain amplifier is employed to control the amplitude of the a.c. signal output of a square wave oscillator in response to the potential sensed by the probe. The a.c. signal output drives a high voltage transformer, the output of which is rectified to provide a d.c. signal output matching the potential sensed by the probe. The d.c. output is returned to the probe housing to bias the housing to a potential equal to the potential read by the probe. A sample and hold circuit enables readout of the d.c. signal output.