Abstract: A light scanning device that projects light beams modulated in response to image signals. The light scanning device includes: a light source that emits the light beams; a scanner that scans the light beams from the light source in a first direction and a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction; a pixel-timing-signal generating section that generates a pixel timing signal indicative of a timing at which the light beam enters for every pixel region to be formed in response to the image signals; a pulse-signal generating section that generates a pulse signal having a pulse width corresponding to time shorter than the shortest of the time during which the light beam passes through the pixel region on the basis of the pixel timing signal; and a driving-signal generating section that generates a driving signal for driving the light source in accordance with the pulse signal and the image signal.

Abstract: A microscope objective includes, in order from the object side, a first lens unit with positive refracting power, having two meniscus lenses, each with a concave surface facing the object side, and at least one positive lens; a second lens unit with positive refracting power; and a third lens unit having concave surfaces adjacent and opposite to each other configured as air contact surfaces. The microscope objective satisfies the following conditions: 7?f 0.5<NA where f is the focal length (mm) of the microscope objective and NA is the numerical aperture of the microscope objective on the entrance side.

Abstract: A compact zoom lens including in an order from an object side to an image side, a first lens group having a negative refractive power, a second lens group having a positive refractive power, and a third lens group having a positive refractive power, wherein the first lens group includes two lens, the second lens group includes three lens, and the third lens group includes a single lens, wherein, during zooming from wide angle to telephoto, the distance between the first and second lens groups decreases, the distance between the second and third lens groups increases, and the third lens group moves toward the image side, and wherein the following mathematical inequalities are satisfied: 0.85 < LII f ? ? ? × f ? ? t < 1.0 0.3 < tII f ? ? ? × f ? ? t < 0.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment of the disclosure, an electrophoreses display device includes a first electrode that is formed in each of a plurality of pixels. A second electrode is formed opposite to the first electrode. An electrophoresis element is sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode and has electrophoresis particles that are charged electrically. An adhesive layer is interposed between the electrophoresis element and the first electrode. An insulation layer is formed at a region between each two of the first electrodes that are arrayed adjacent to each other.

Abstract: Multicolor display elements are disclosed that are adapted to full color electric papers, which comprises a display electrode, counter electrode, electrolyte, and display layer, wherein the counter electrode is disposed oppositely to the display electrode, the electrolyte is filled into a space provided between the display electrode and the counter electrode, the display layer is disposed on the surface, which faces the counter electrode, of the display electrode, the display layer contains plural electrochromic compositions in a condition that the plural electrochromic compositions are separated into plural layers within the display layer or are mixed together within the display layer, and at least one of threshold voltage for coloring condition and threshold voltage for decoloring condition, or at least one of charge amount required for coloring into a sufficient color density and charge amount required for sufficiently decoloring, are substantially different each other between the plural electrochromic com

Abstract: An imaging lens comprises, in order from an object side: a first lens having a positive refractive power and a meniscus shape and having a convex surface directed to the object side; a second lens having a negative refractive power in the vicinity of an optical axis of the imaging lens; and a third lens having a positive refractive power in the vicinity of the optical axis, wherein at least one surface of each of the second lens and the third lens is an aspheric surface; and the imaging lens satisfies the following conditional expression expressions: 0.7 <If1/fl <0.8 . . . (1) 0.3<1f2/fl <0.8 . . . (2) 7.5 <vd1<96 . . .(3) TL/2Y <0.9 . . . (4) where f: focal length of the imaging lens; f1: focal length of the first lens; f2: focal length of the second lens; vd1: Abbe number of the first lens for the d-line; TL: length between the object-side surface of the first lens to an image forming position of the imaging lens; and Y: maximum image height.

Abstract: A color image readout lens comprises, in order from an object side: a first group comprising a positive lens convex toward the object side and a biconcave negative lens; a stop; a second group comprising one diffractive optical element that has at least one flat surface and has a diffractive structure formed on the flat surface; and a third group comprising a biconvex positive lens and a negative lens concave toward the object side.

Abstract: A mirror device comprises: an electrode which is covered with a protective film made of a material containing a semiconductor material and is placed on a substrate; a mirror placed above the electrode; and an electrically conductive hinge placed between the mirror and the electrode, wherein an opening part is formed in a part of the protective film, and the hinge penetrates the protective film in the opening part thereof.

Abstract: An optical element includes an airtight container having opposing face walls in a thickness direction, and side walls connecting the end face walls; a first liquid sealed in the container and having polarity or conductivity; a second liquid sealed in the container and not mixed with the first liquid so as to define an interface between the first liquid and the second liquid; and voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the first liquid. Further, the first liquid and the second liquid have the same specific gravity and substantially the same refractive index, and minute particles made of a material that does not transmit light are mixed in the first liquid, such that the first liquid has less light transmittance than the second liquid.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical (MEMS) device includes at least one electrode, a first reflective layer, and a movable functional element. The movable functional element includes a flexible dielectric layer and a reflective element. The flexible dielectric layer flexes in response to voltages applied to the at least one electrode to move the functional element in a direction generally perpendicular to the first reflective layer. The reflective element has a first portion mechanically coupled to the flexible dielectric layer and a second portion spaced from the flexible dielectric layer and defining a gap therebetween.

Abstract: A mirror device comprises: an electrode placed on a substrate; a hinge which is connected to the electrode and which has a flat part at an end part on a side opposite to the electrode; and a mirror placed on the flat part, wherein a protrusion part formed on the flat part is placed between the flat part and the mirror.

Abstract: A fixed-focus lens including a first lens, a second lens, a cemented lens, an aperture stop, and a fifth lens is provided. The first lens disposed between an object side and an image side has a negative refractive power. The second lens disposed between the first lens and the image side has a positive refractive power. The cemented lens is disposed between the second lens and the image side. The cemented lens consists of a third lens and a fourth lens arranged in sequence from the object side to the image side. One of the third lens and the fourth lens has a positive refractive power, and the other has a negative refractive power. The aperture stop is disposed between the fourth lens and the image side. The fifth lens disposed between the aperture stop and the image side has a positive refractive power.

Abstract: The invention relates to spatial light modulators for use in display apparatus. In particular, the invention relates to spatial light modulators that include a substrate defining a plane and a shutter suspended over the substrate by a compliant beam. The compliant beam has a cross-sectional thickness, in a dimension parallel to the plane of the substrate, between about 0.2 ?m and about 10 ?m. In one embodiment, a thickness of the compliant beam in a dimension perpendicular to the plane of the substrate is at least about 1.4 times the cross-sectional width of the compliant beam in the dimension parallel to the plane of the substrate.

Abstract: An integrated electro-optical module apparatus includes in one embodiment an optical modulator configured to modulate an input optical signal coupled thereto; and a control circuit assembly configured to provide electrical control signals to the optical modulator to modulate the input optical signal; wherein the control circuit assembly is attached to the optical modulator in a stacked arrangement.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical device has a movable first electrode and stationary second and third electrodes oriented parallel with the substrate. The first electrode is separated from the substrate and includes a first hinge oriented parallel to the substrate, with spaced apart extensions extending from opposing sides of the first electrode. The second and third electrodes are fixedly formed on the substrate adjacent to the opposing sides of the first electrode and have spaced apart extensions interspersed with the spaced apart extensions of the first electrode. The first electrode can move substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate such that the extensions of one side of the first electrode substantially overlap the extensions of the second electrode in a first state and the extensions of the other side of the first electrode substantially overlaps the extensions of the third electrode in a second state.

Abstract: By selectively placing color filters with different transmittance spectrums on an array of modulator elements each having the same reflectance spectrum, a resultant reflectance spectrum for each modulator element and it's respective color filter is created. In one embodiment, the modulator elements in an array are manufactured by the same process so that each modulator element has a reflectance spectrum that includes multiple reflectivity lines. Color filters corresponding to multiple colors, such as red, green, and blue, for example, may be selectively associated with these modulator elements in order to filter out a desired wavelength range for each modulator element and provide a multiple color array. Because the modulator elements are manufactured by the same process, each of the modulator elements is substantially the same and common voltage levels may be used to activate and deactivate selected modulation.

Abstract: A zoom lens of variable power ratio of the order of 3 in which the whole of the zoom lens is made up of three lens elements groups and the power configuration of each of the groups has an arrangement of negative, positive, and negative. The zoom lens includes, sequentially from an object side thereof, a first lens elements group which has a negative refraction power as a whole, a second lens elements group which has a positive refraction power as a whole, and a third lens element group, which has a negative refraction power as a whole. A variable power is realized by shifting the positions of the first and second lens elements group in the direction of an optical axis thereof.

Abstract: A color filter substrate includes a base substrate, a white light-blocking part, and a color filter layer. The white light-blocking part is formed on the base substrate. The white light-blocking part divides the base substrate into a light-transmitting area and a light-blocking area. The color filter layer is formed in the light-transmitting area. Therefore, the white light-blocking part is formed so that a boundary of the pixel part is divided and a light-blocking function is realized. Furthermore, a white luminance characteristic is enhanced.

Abstract: A zoom lens comprises a first lens group G1, which includes a negative focal length, a second lens group G2, which includes a positive focal length, a third lens group G3, which includes a negative focal length, a fourth lens group G4, which includes a positive focal length, and a fifth lens group G5, which includes a positive focal length, in order from nearest to furthest from a photographic subject, or with a sixth lens group G6, which includes a negative focal length, installed as an anchored lens group between the fifth lens group and an image site of the camera apparatus.

Abstract: Improved apparatus and methods for spatial light modulation are disclosed which utilize optical cavities having both front and rear reflective surfaces. Light-transmissive regions are formed in the front reflective surface for spatially modulating light.