Abstract: A color display device (1) comprises a plurality of picture elements (3, 4, 5), the plurality of picture elements having a viewing side (5) and a rear side (6). Each picture element includes a light valve (7, 8, 9). The display device comprises a switchable part (12, 13) for selectively directing light of a first color and light of a second color through the light valve from the rear side to the viewing side. Each light valve comprises a first and a second switchable color filter (17, 19) having a transmittance for a third color and a fourth color, respectively, and arranged in succession in the path of the light.

Abstract: This invention relates to display apparatuses having an array of light modulators for transmissively displaying an image and a reflective aperture layer defining a plurality of apertures, for reflecting light not passing through apertures in the reflective aperture layer away from the array. The reflective aperture layer is formed on a first substrate and positioned adjacent the array. The image is formed by modulating light passing through the apertures in the reflective aperture layer. A light guide, separated from the first substrate by a gap, may guide light towards the reflective aperture layer. A layer of low-refractive index material may be positioned on a side of the reflective aperture layer opposite the array.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical ocular system having imaging optics that map an image generated in an object plane such that a user can perceive the same in an image plane, wherein the imaging optics comprise a first lens having negative refractive power, and a deflection element having positive refractive power, which is connected downstream of the first lens, effecting a folding of the optical path by means of a single reflection, wherein the first lens and the object plane form a first optical group, and a displacement unit is provided, which can change the distance between the first optical group and the displacement element for the correction of spherical ametropia of the user.

Abstract: An optical system comprising two lens cells, each lens cell comprising multiple lens elements, to provide imaging over a very wide image distance and within a wide range of magnification by changing the distance between the two lens cells. An embodiment also provides scannable laser spectroscopic measurements within the field-of-view of the instrument.

Abstract: A system and method for an optical component that masks non-active portions of a display and provides an electrical path for one or more display circuits. In one embodiment an optical device includes a substrate, a plurality of optical elements on the substrate, each optical element having an optical characteristic which changes in response to a voltage applied to the optical element, and a light-absorbing, electrically-conductive optical mask disposed on the substrate and offset from the plurality of optical elements, the optical mask electrically coupled to one or more of the optical elements to provide electrical paths for applying voltages to the optical elements. In another embodiment, a method of providing an electrical signal to optical elements of a display comprises electrically coupling an electrically-conductive light-absorbing mask to one or more optical elements, and applying a voltage to the mask to activate the one or more optical elements.

Abstract: A wide-angle lens optical system, including, in a sequence from an object side, a first lens group having a positive or negative refractive power, a stop, and a second lens group having positive refractive power, wherein the first lens group comprises, in a sequence from the object side, a front group having negative refractive power and a rear group having positive refractive power, and the wide-angle lens optical system satisfies the following Inequalities: 1.0 < f II f < 1.45 0.6 ? ? f Ia f Ib ? < 1.5 where f denotes the overall focal distance of the lens optical system, fII denotes the focal distance of the second lens group, fIa denotes the focal distance of the front group of the first lens group, and fIb denotes the focal distance of the rear group of the first lens group.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from a magnification side, a negative first lens group for focus adjustment adapted to be fixed during power-varying, a positive second lens group adapted to move during power-varying, a negative third lens group, a positive fourth lens group, and a positive fifth lens group, and a positive sixth lens group adapted to be fixed during power-varying, the sixth lens group having a stop arranged nearest to the magnification side. Each lens is a single lens. A ratio of a back focal length of the entire system to a focal length at a wide-angle end of the entire system is larger than 2.5, and Fno. is set constant over the whole region of power-varying.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical system for the projection of digital image data comprising a fixed focal length lens and a pivotable focal length extender. The principal field of application of the invention is digital cinema projection, usually employing the wide-screen format 1.9:1 or the Cinemascope format 2.37:1 (width:height). For format changeover during projection, two different fixed focal lengths are realized by the insertion or removal of the focal length extender (1755) into the lens. The projection lens according to the invention has more favorable optical properties than the conventional zoom lenses, such as a minimal chromatic transverse aberration, high telecentricity, very small distortions and a small volume and weight.

Abstract: A small projection lens includes a first lens, which is a biconvex lens, an aperture, an aperture diaphragm (or an aperture), a second lens, which is a negative meniscus lens having a concave surface facing a magnification side, a third lens, which is a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing a reduction side, and a fourth lens, which is a biconvex lens having aspheric surfaces at both sides on an optical axis, arranged in this order from the magnification side. A minimum portion of the length of all lens elements of the small projection lens in a diametric direction vertical to the optical axis is equal to or less than 15 mm, and the small projection lens satisfies the following conditional expression: 2.5<?/S<10.0 (where S indicates the maximum length of a magnification-side image (inch) and ? indicates a magnifying power).

Abstract: A wide angle hybrid refractive-diffractive endoscope objective is provided. The objective comprises a negative meniscus lens having a first surface and a second surface; a stop adjacent to the negative meniscus lens; a positive lens adjacent to the negative lens and having a first surface and a second surface; and a hybrid refractive-diffractive element adjacent to the positive lens and having a first surface and a second surface, wherein one of the first surface, or the second surface comprises a diffractive surface, wherein the objective has an effective focal length in a range from about 0.8 mm to about 1.6 mm.

Abstract: A wide field video endoscope objective and method of assembly the objective including four groups with five lenses, a mechanical housing containing the entire image forming elements, a aperture stop, a centering member and a retainer sleeve. The centering member is at first centered over the photo sensitive area of the chip and bonded to the surface of the cover glass. The retainer sleeve slides over said centering member and is glued to the centering member and the housing of the video chip. The objective housing with the optical elements is screwed on the centering member to adjust for focusing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mirror device, comprising: a substrate; a mirror disposed approximately in parallel to the substrate above the substrate; and a hinge supported on and extended approximately perpendicularly from the substrate for supporting the mirror, wherein the hinge is connected to the mirror with a first edge part of the hinge buried in the mirror.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus enabling construction of a small bending optical system with high magnification. A first lens group is movably disposed toward an object on a first optical axis. A second lens group is movably disposed radially inward of the first lens group. The second lens group comprises a drive frame drivingly controlled along the first optical axis and a lens holding frame for holding the second lens group. A prism is disposed on the first optical axis, for bending light incident on the prism to thereby guide the light along a second optical axis. The prism is retracted along the second optical axis in a non-shooting state. In the non-shooting state, the second lens group is retracted and accommodated in a space defined by the drive frame and the lens holding frame and a space occupied by the prism in a shooting state.

Abstract: A lenticular lens medium forms a lenticular lens which includes a plurality of semicylindrical-shaped or arc-shaped elongated convex parts. The lenticular lens medium has a volume resistivity of 1×107-1×1014 ?·cm and a surface resistivity of 1×108-1×1015?/?.

Abstract: Provided is a lens optical system, which includes (from object to image side) a first lens group having positive refractive power, a stop, and a second lens group having positive refractive power. The first lens group comprises a plurality of lenses among which there are a lens closest to the object side and a lens closest to the stop having negative refractive powers. The second lens group includes a front group and a rear group.

Abstract: A method of fabricating electro-phoretic display is performed by the steps of: providing a first electrode substrate and a second electrode substrate disposed above the first electrode substrate in an electro-phoretic liquid, wherein the first electrode substrate comprises a substrate and a plurality of pixel electrodes disposed on the substrate; putting at least a charged micro-capsule between the first electrode substrate and the second electrode substrate in the electro-phoretic liquid; making the electricity of a portion of the pixel electrodes is opposite to the electricity of the charged micro-capsules for attracting the charged micro-capsules to above the portion of the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, a system for illuminating a target includes a light source configured to emit one or more light beams with a first divergence. The system further includes a lens separated from the light source. The lens is configured to substantially satisfy the sine condition without removing spherical aberrations from the one or more light beams. The lens is further configured to receive the one or more light beams with the first divergence. The lens is further configured to change the first divergence of the one or more light beams to a second divergence. The second divergence is less than the first divergence. The second divergence is greater than zero. The lens is further configured to transmit the one or more light beams with the second divergence.

Abstract: In an optical etalon with a fixed FSR determined by the cavity length, the time delay is adjusted by an etalon surface coating. The proper cavity length is chosen to achieve a desired FSR, and the coating is independently selected to obtain a desired time delay.

Abstract: A wide angle lens especially suitable for digital single lens reflex cameras is described. The lens offers the advantages of superior performance while using fewer lens elements thus reducing size and cost to manufacture. The lens consists of two lens groups separated by an aperture stop. The first lens group consists of a meniscus lens and the novel use of a bi-concave lens element. The first group may also include a cemented doublet with novel ratios of refractive index and Abbe numbers. Embodiments of the wide angle lens satisfy conditional equations of 6?BFL/f?7.5 and 10<?d/f?21, where BFL is the distance from the most image side lens element surface to the image plane with the lens focused at infinity, f is the effective focal length of the wide angle lens and ?d is the distance from the most object side lens element surface to the most image side lens element surface.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention provides a method for fabricating a microelectromechanical systems device. The method comprises fabricating an array of first elements, each first element conforming to a first geometry; fabricating at least one array of second elements, each second element conforming to a second geometry; wherein fabricating the arrays comprises selecting a defining aspect of each of the first and second geometries based on a defining characteristic of each of the first and second elements; and normalizing differences in an actuation voltage required to actuate each of the first and second elements, wherein the differences are as a result of the selected defining aspect, the defining characteristic of each of the elements being unchanged.