Abstract: A heater and support structure for a line cathode includes heater electrodes and an S-shaped cathode support member arranged between the heater electrodes. The heater electrodes and the S-shaped support member have a higher resistance than the cathode and thus heat flows into the cathode to compensate for heat radiation losses and the support compensates for thermal expansion to retain the cathode at a substantially constant position.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the production of articles exhibiting high mechanical strengths which are relatively insensitive to changes in relative humidity. The articles consist essentially of organic and/or inorganic fibers and a binder, the binder being composed of the product of reaction between an organic polycation, and/or an aminosilane, and/or an organic chrome complex and crystals of a lithium and/or sodium water-swelling mica selected from the group of fluorhectorite, hydroxyl hectorite, boron fluorphlogopite, hydroxyl boron phlogopite, and solid solutions among those and between those and other structurally-compatible species selected from the group of talc, fluortalc, polylithionite, fluorpolythionite, phlogopite, and fluorphlogopite.

Abstract: Wood pulps, particularly sulphonate pulps, such as jack pine ultra-high-yield pulps produced by sulphonation, are readily discolored by metal ions commonly found in paper mills. Additions of 0.001 to 2% on pulp dry basis of tin ions, especially derived from stannous compounds, to wood pulps effectively brighten the pulps at ambient temperature.Metal ions such as ferrous, ferric, cupric, aluminum, nickel and manganese are common discoloring ions and pulps containing these ions can be brightened by the addition of tin ions particularly derived from stannous chloride, stannous sulphate, stannous tartrate, stannous oxolate, stannic chloride and stannic sulphate, the tin ions as Sn.sup.+2 being added in an amount to provide a ratio of stannous ions to discoloring metal ions up to about 2:1, preferably about 1.5:1.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for deinking a fibre stock or slurry. In order to optimize the separation process the invention proposes to independently control the air injection phase, the mixing phase, and the separation phase by splitting them into separate steps.Thus, there is provided a separation cell which is fed with slurry from an inlet. Air is introduced into the slurry before entry into the separation cell and before entering a mixing section which mixes the air and slurry before entering the separation cell. The air is introduced under pressure by way of a porous sintered sleeve, while the mixing is achieved by the provision of three turbulence discs in the preferred embodiment. Alternative turbulent generating means may be employed.The mixing ensures contact of the ink with the air bubbles which separate out in the separation cell and rise to the surface as a foam. The foam is removed by suction, while the deinked fibre slurry is drawn off from the tank by means of a weir or stand pipe.

Abstract: Waste paper containing polymeric contaminants is broken down in the presence of an acidic aqueous solution containing at least one peracid.

Abstract: A nonsulfur chemimechanical pulping process for producing pulp from woody materials is disclosed. The process is particularly suited for producing corrugating medium pulp from hardwood chips although the process can be adapted to production of other types of pulp and can use other types of woody materials. The process comprises impregnation and dilution of the chips in a dilute aqueous pulping solution of a lower alkanolamine catalyzed with ammonium hydroxide. The preferred alkanolamine is monoethanolamine present in a weight ratio to ammonium hydroxide of about 1 part to 1 part or less to 1 part to 3 parts or more. The pulping solution may be repeatedly reused and the process of this invention does not produce environmentally objectionable by-products.

Abstract: An incubating apparatus allowing selective and exact treatment of histological preparations with reagents. The incubating apparatus consists of an incubating unit holding the preparations to be treated, which is supplied with reagents from a reagents storage through a supply section. Herein, a computerized control section will implement automatic control, as per program, of all components, particularly valves and pumps, and of the supply section, so that automatic sequencing of the treatment in the incubating apparatus can be achieved.

Abstract: Described is a fixture for glass-bonding a digital magnetic recording slider workpiece (the component parts thereof), while holding them carefully aligned. In one preferred embodiment this fixture includes a slot for receiving a number of such work pieces in pre-assembled form registering and aligning them together and providing retainer means individually for each work piece adapted to resiliently and selectively engage each work piece and hold it positively in careful, precise alignment while glass-bonding and related operations carried out on the array of multiple work pieces so-aligned and retained.

Abstract: The concentration buildup of contaminants methylacetylene and propadiene in a propylene/propane fractionation column is prevented by controlling the injection of propane from a source external from the feedstream into the inlet stream to the column in response to the measured propane content of the feedstream downstream of the point of propane injection, the measured methylacetylene content of the bottoms product from the column, or the measured methylacetylene content of a sample from a tray of the column.

Abstract: Processes and alkaline cleaning compositions for cleaning aluminum containers to prevent off-flavor and off-taste in liquid comestible products with which the containers are filled. The processes involve the use of an aqueous alkaline cleaning solution having the following compositions:______________________________________ Ingredient Quantity, g/l ______________________________________ 1. Alkali metal or ammonium carbonate 0.1-0.9 2. Alkali metal or ammonium tripoly- 0.6-7.6 phosphate (anhydrous) 3. Alkali metal or ammonium tetraborate 0.5-6.3 (pentahydrate) 4. Alkali metal or ammonium metasilicate 0.1-0.8 (anhydrous) 5. Tri(alkali metal or ammonium)phosphate 0.4-5.4 (anhydrous) 6. Alkali metal or ammonium gluconate or 0.1-1.3 glucoheptonate 7. Surfactant 0.02-0.

Abstract: Perforated sheet for a head box of a paper machine, the perforated sheet being provided with a number of parallel flow passages starting from a common front face. The perforated sheet is provided with a set of feeding ducts which can be connected to a source of flushing liquid and which is connected, by means of flushing ducts, to the front face of the perforated sheet. The perforated sheet preferably consists of several rod elements, each of which is provided with a flow passage and which have been assembled as parallel to each other, side by side and one above the other, into an integrated package.

Abstract: A method of removing undesirable organic matter, such as food soil, paint, or the like, comprises contacting the organic matter with imidazole, pyrazole, an alkyl or aryl substituted imidazole, an alkyl or aryl substituted pyrazole, or a mixture of two or more thereof. Compositions containing these compounds as the active ingredient are also disclosed.

Abstract: Use of oxygen, oxygen containing gases or substances giving off oxygen in reduction or inhibition of the dark coloring of pulp or paper in white water systems, especially closed ones, in production of pulp and paper, these substances being added to the white water system in such an amount that aerobic conditions are maintained substantially permanently in at least a part of the white water system, i.e. the redox potential is higher than -100 mV.

Abstract: An improved method is provided for the lubrication of molds and delivery equipment which are employed in the production of glass articles wherein the viscous glass which is employed in the production of such articles is at least partially coated with a suitable lubricant prior to contact with the delivery equipment and/or prior to entry of the glass into the mold.

Abstract: A tank for receiving water to be desalinated supports a vacuum pump at the upper end thereof. The inlet of the pump communicates with the tank for reducing the interior of the tank to a subatmospheric pressure and the outlet of the pump communicates with heat transfer coils submerged just below a water level in the tank. The vacuum pump has an outer casing defining a heating area which traps the heat generated by operation of the pump. An inlet for water to be desalinated leads through the heated area around the pump and is discharged above the water level at the heat transfer coils for vaporization of the incoming water. The heat transfer coils communicate with condensing coils leading downwardly in the tank. The heat transfer coils are supported on a float and have an inlet and outlet arrangement providing for even distribution of vapor.

Abstract: A device for attenuating pressure pulses through fluids, in particular for continuous paper web producing machines, which comprises a tubular element having an inner body formed from a resilient material and an outer body formed from a rigid material, between which bodies an annular compensating chamber is provided which contains a pressurized fluid whose pressure can be varied automatically according to variations occurring in the pressure level of the fluid being conveyed, which result in said inner body of a resilient material undergoing deformation.A multilayered structure may be provided for the inner resilient body. The insertion of the attenuating device is accomplished in line with the feed conduit of the aqueous suspension to the intake tank.

Abstract: An optical fiber, being drawn from a preform and wound upon a reel, passes between parallel plates of a capacitor connected in a measuring circuit which, from the capacitance variations due to changes in fiber diameter, controls a reel-driving motor to minimize these variations. The capacitor may have a constant charge, as by having one of its plates made of an electret, in which case the capacitance variations are determined from voltage changes. A calculator connected to the measuring circuit translates these variations into numerical values representing the fiber diameter which can be visually displayed.

Abstract: The process gives highly pure cyclopentadiene and methylcyclopentadiene from a cracked gasoline fraction. The merit of the process is that cyclopentadiene and methylcyclopentadiene are recovered by adding a simple distillation system to a conventional cracked gasoline treating plant without altering the plant and operating conditions thereof. An internal reflux stream is withdrawn from the stripping section of a BTX column of a conventional cracked gasoline treating plant, and is sent to a depolymerization-distillation column operated at a bottom temperature of 160.degree.-230.degree. C. The overhead stream of the column is sent to a cyclopentadiene column operated at a bottom temperature of 160.degree.-230.degree. C. Cyclopentadiene is recovered from the overhead of the column, and the bottom stream is sent to methylcyclopentadiene column operated at a bottom temperature of 170.degree.-210.degree. C. Methylcyclopentadiene is recovered from the overhead of the column.

Abstract: A process for the production of sugars, and optionally cellulose and lignin, from lignocellulosic vegetable materials which comprises subjecting the vegetable materials to a chemical pretreatment with a mixture of water and lower aliphatic alcohols and/or ketones at a temperature from 100.degree. to 190.degree. C. for a period of from 4 hours to 2 minutes with control of the breakdown of the hemicellulose components followed by separation of residue and a subsequent main chemical treatment with a similar solvent mixture at elevated temperatures for a further period of from 6 hours to 2 minutes.

Abstract: Ethylene glycol is purified, particularly for fiber-grade applications, by removal of the residual ethylene carbonate from which the glycol was derived. The effluent from a reactor in which ethylene carbonate is hydrolyzed to ethylene glycol is distilled to produce a lower-boiling fraction comprising substantially ethylene glycol and water and a higher-boiling fraction comprising substantially ethylene glycol, higher glycols, and concentrated in hydrolysis catalyst. The higher-boiling fraction is recirculated to reflux against the lower-boiling product, thereby essentially completing the hydrolysis of unreacted ethylene carbonate thereby reducing the ethylene carbonate content of the ethylene glycol to very low levels suitable for fiber-grade applications.