Abstract: An apparatus for evaporating a solution in constant proportions of the ingredients, including:(a) a solution container having a neck that extends upward from the center;(b) an impregnation member to be impregnated with the solution which is made of a water-absorbing material;(c) an impregnation member support;(d) a cylindrical tubular member that is fitted over a cylindrical tube that projects upward from the center of said support to thereby define an enclosed space;(e) a feed pipe inserted through the hole made in the center of said support, the lower part of said pipe being immersed in the solution in the container and the upper part thereof being within said cylindrical tubular member; and(f) a hole or slit made in the container and the impregnation support member so as to provide a passage that communicates the atmosphere with the space formed in the container by mounting the impregnation member support on the container,the impregnation member support being in the form of a supporting plate from the cent

Abstract: In a fluidized bed system, including a fluidized bed vessel and a separate stripping vessel below the fluidized bed wherein solids from the fluidized bed are introduced into the stripping vessel, there is provided a vent line from the top of the stripping vessel to the fluidized bed for venting gas from the stripper to the fuidized bed. A portion of the solids introduced into the stripper are carried into the vent line to maintain the static head between the top portion of the fluidized bed and the stripping vessel.

Abstract: A fluid injection lozenge comprises two tubes supporting a perforate member forming a cage enclosing the space between the tubes. Each tube has a series of perforations along its length so that a fluid can be injected, through the tube, into the enclosed space. The lozenges are of use in catalytic converters of either the axial or radial flow design. In the case of a radial flow converter, a plurality of tubes are provided, preferably connected in pairs by the perforate members, to form a squirrel cage structure, disposed in the catalyst bed.

Abstract: Vortex apparatus for the continuous production of a precipitate by reacting together at least two reactants wherein it comprises a rotary bowl, having a vertical axis a fixed cylinder arranged coaxially within the bowl in order to define with the latter an annular raising chamber, thus providing a fluid flow connection with a reaction chamber defined within the fixed cylinder, reactant inlet pipes issuing into the upper part of the reaction chamber in the vicinity of the axis of the bowl, at least one weir fixed to the rotary bowl at the upper end of the raising chamber and a turbine fixed to the rotary bowl in the lower part of the reaction chamber, so as to produce a vortex in the latter and ensure the raising of part of the precipitate into the raising chamber.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for pyrolysis of a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock in which the feedstock is countercurrently contacted with a hot hydrogenating gas stream flowing spirally from the periphery of a substantially circular reactor (1). The hydrocarbon feedstock is injected through an inlet (4) located toward the center of reactor (1). The hot hydrogenating gas is preferably formed by combustion, using a steam-oxygen mixture injected through inlet (2), of carbonaceous by-products from the pyrolysis. Product is removed centrally through outlet (3).

Abstract: A centrifugal reaction chamber for enhancing the chemical reaction between two or more reactants, one of which is solid particulate material and another of which is a liquid in which the particulate matter is dispersed. The chamber normally is formed by a cylindrical tub having a drive shaft for rotating divider means secured to the shaft and forming one or more radial dividers extending between the shaft and cylindrical wall of the tub. Each divider includes two panels spaced apart and converging in a radial direction away from the shaft. One panel urges the particulate material from the center toward the wall of the tub. The particulate material then is directed back toward the center by the second panel.

Abstract: An apparatus for contacting fluid with particulate solid material provided with a contact space and a separating section arranged at an angle with respect to the horizontal for the discharge of fluid from the contact space into a fluid collecting space. To avoid pinning of solid material against the separating section means are provided for inducing a pressure gradient with the pressure decreasing in downward direction along the separating section during operation of the apparatus.