Abstract: A reactor having a vertically extending vessel wall (2) is provided with a plurality of staggered elongated parallel tubes (8) adapted for being filled with catalyst material and substantially vertically extending between an upper tube plate (10) and a lower tube plate (9), means (12, 13) for circulating a heat transfer medium between the tube plates (9, 10) alongside the tube walls (8), inlet means (3, 17, 18) above the parallel tubes (8) for distributing fluid in the form of one or more sprays and gas over the plurality of tubes (8) and outlet means (4, 20) situated below the plurality of tubes (8) for removal of fluids from the reactor, wherein the plurality of staggered tubes (8) are arranged in rows such that the tubes of adjacent rows are staggered, and wherein upper tube plate (10) is provided with openings (15), having a lower part in which the tubes (8) are closely fitted and having a substantially concentric upper part diverging in upward direction, the upper ends of the adjacent openings having edg

Abstract: A method for sterilizing a substantially gas impermeable surface which is contaminated with spores comprises the steps of exposing the surface to a humid gaseous environment to enhance the susceptibility of the spores to subsequent chemosterilization, and then exposing the spores to an amount of gaseous chlorine dioxide in an inert carrier gas effective to sterilize the surface and a method for sterilizing an article contaminated with spores which comprises exposing the surface to a gaseous atmosphere comprised of chlorine dioxide gas and water vapor, wherein the amount of water vapor in said atmosphere is adapted to enhance the susceptibility of said spores to the sporicidal action of chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating solid particulates from vapors comprising: a disengaging chamber, a progressive flow reactor, a means for effecting flow of a gas-solid stream, and a take-off conduit which further includes providing a hole through the progressive flow reactor to permit upstream of the take-off conduit a pathway for vapors from within the disengaging chamber to pass into the progressive flow reactor. Specific limitations as to the size of the opening through the progressive flow reactor in relationship to the effective diameter of the progressive flow reactor, and the opening of the take-off conduit are disclosed.

Abstract: A shaftless instrument achieves mixing by a rotor floating on a solution in association with an external magnet or magnetic field. The magnet is driven by a motor located outside of but in close proximity to said instrument. In one embodiment, a feed inlet is located in the vicinity of the lower portion of said instrument and communicates with the bottom interior of said instrument in the vicinity of the rotor location. During operation, a fluid feed supports said rotor a small distance above the instrument bottom and enables it to rotates above the fluid feed location.

Abstract: An improved flow distribution system for a catalytic reactor plenum chamber for a gas-liquid-solids ebullated bed reactor including a downwardly directed conduit and a flow distributor device such as a baffled nozzle attached to the inner end of the conduit, said nozzle containing at least two substantially parallel baffle plates usually oriented substantially normal to the nozzle inlet flow direction for providing initially downward flow and good mixing and radial flow disperson of gas-liquid materials in the lower portion of the plenum. The initially downward flow is then deflected generally upwardly by the curved lower head of the reactor plenum chamber and passes uniformly upwardly through a flow distribution grid into the ebullated catalyst bed. A sparger can be provided in the plenum above the flow distributor device for feeding additional gas-liquid mixture into the reactor.

Abstract: The mixing pistol for reactive multiple component materials includes a self rotating mixing rotor in a mixing chamber, and several valves controling the injection of a component into the mixing chamber. Additionally there are valves for the injection of cleansing solution and compressed air. While cleansing the mixing chamber, in order not to have to remove the used cleansing solution by way of the outlet of the mixing pistol, which would be connected with the removal of dangerous and harmful fumes and gases, there is an additional outlet valve arranged at the mixing chamber by means of which the removal of the used cleansing solution is accomplished. The cleansing solution is driven in the mixing chamber in a closed circulation and never comes into contact with the outer region of the mixing pistol.

Abstract: Means are provided for the monitoring of a sterilization procedure employing alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene oxide, to sterilize medical equipment, especially heat-sensitive equipment, and especially for monitoring the aeration of the so-sterilized goods and articles to desorb the retained alkylene oxide, which means employ interaction of the alkylene oxide with a cation-exchange resin and subsequent aeration of the cation exchange resin coupled with pH indicator means sensitive to changes in the ion exchange resin effected by the alkylene oxide employed in the sterilization and subsequently by the air employed in the desorption step.

Abstract: Apparatus for safe handling of biologically infectious waste materials comprises providing paper or plastic bags to receive infectious waste material, an open collection cart for receiving said bags, an enclosed transport cart for receiving, enclosing, and transporting the collection cart, placing the collection cart inside the transport cart, depositing the plastic bags into the collection cart while disposed within the transport cart, transferring the collection cart and bags of infectious waste into a sterilizing chamber, sterilizing the infectious waste material by steam heat, exposing fluids produced during the sterilization process to steam heat for a time sufficient to sterilize the same by allowing the fluids to slowly drain from said bags to a fluid receiver at the bottom of the collection cart and then to a second fluid receiver at the bottom of the sterilizing chamber and into a conventional drainage system, transferring the collection cart to a dumping and compacting apparatus, dumping and compact

Abstract: A reactor of the moving bed type wherein a granular material is packed and held by a louver structure and moved downward and brought into contact with a gas passing through the louver, is improved so as to avoid both accumulation of dust on the louver part at the gas inlet side and excessive rising of the pressure loss.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition and method for inhibiting the corrosion of copper and copper alloy metals in aqueous systems. The composition comprises mercaptobenzothiazole and added ferrous ions in a ratio of 1:1 to 1:10, by weight. The method comprises adding this composition to the aqueous system being treated.

Abstract: An apparatus to reduce the pressure drop in a riser reactor equipped with a horizontal tee joint connection which uses a mechanical implant located at a point juxtaposed the connection of the horizontal and vertical tubes to prohibit fine particle catalysts from backflow down through the elongated riser reactor which thereby provides an easy upflow of catalysts through the riser reactor.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the auto-thermal production of hydrogen rich synthesis gas wherein a mixture of steam and a hydrocarbon feed gas is reacted by passing through a catalyst counter-currently to the flow of the combustion reaction effluent of the process. Reaction tubes are mounted within a heat exchange chamber of the reactor and are adapted to contain catalyst to effect the reaction of the mixture. Oxygen or oxygen-enriched air is introduced into a combustion chamber within the reactor to effect combustion, and the combustion reaction effluent is passed through a second catalyst zone to provide additional reaction and is thereafter passed about the exterior of the reaction tubes to effect heat exchange with the mixture passing through the tubes. The exothermic heat of reaction from combustion thus provides the heat for the endothermic reaction occurring within the reaction tubes and within the second catalyst zone.

Abstract: A rough cut catalyst/vapor separator for fluid catalyst cracking risers which is located at the outlet of a riser and causes the oil-catalyst mixture to undergo a tight, 180 degree downward turn. The centrifugal separator is equivalent to one-half a turn inside a cyclone and causes most of the catalyst to move to the wall. Most of the oil vapors are squeezed out away from the wall. At the end of the separator is a shave-off scoop positioned to divide a predominantly catalyst phase from a predominantly oil phase. The shave-off scoops conduct the catalyst phase away from the center of the vessel and deposit it near the vessel wall where its downward flow is continued under the action of gravity. The oil vapor phase continue its downward flow for a while but then must undergo a 180 degree turn and flow upward to exit the vessel through a series of conventional cyclone separators. The second 180 degree turn of the oil vapors help separate catalyst which is not caught by the shave-off scoop.

Abstract: In a fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus a mixture of hydrocarbon products and hydrocarbon catalyst particles is removed from a reactor riser (1) and introduced into a cyclone separator (2), wherein in order to strip the catalyst particles, primary steam is injected into the cyclone separator (2), and wherein, for additional stripping the catalyst particles are introduced into a stripper assembly (3) comprising at least two interconnected stripper vessels (4, 5) into which secondary steam is introduced.

Abstract: Tubular catalytic reactors within a furnace are each surrounded by a radiator having an inner cylindrical surface spaced from the reactor defining a flow path for the furnace gases. The inner surface of the radiator has a plurality of adjacent helical channels formed therein extending the length of the conduit. Heat from the furnace gases traveling through the flow path is picked up by the radiators by convection and radiated to the reactor. The helical grooves improve heat transfer efficiency and circumferential uniformity of heating with minimum pressure drop; and they prevent the cut off of heat to localized areas of the reactor in case of contact between the reactor and radiator walls.

Abstract: Openings are provided in the walls of a sterilization container, particularly one for surgical instruments, to allow for the introduction of a sterilant gas, and a filter element is provided internally of these openings. To prevent external objects from entering the openings in the surface and penetrating the filter element, a relatively stiff perforate sheet, preferably formed of metal, is placed between the surface of the container and the filter element, the perforations in the sheet being offset from the openings in the container wall.

Abstract: Methods for chemically scavenging oxygen from an aqueous medium comprising the addition of linear, water soluble polyethyleneamines, such as tetraethylenepentamine and triethylenetetramine, as the sole oxygen scavenger, to the desired aqueous medium. Suitable environments for use of these amines comprise boiler feedwater and boiler steam condensate systems.

Abstract: An apparatus for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) wherein the output of a reactor riser zone is fed to a riser cyclone separator, a primary cyclone separator, and secondary cyclone separators, connected in series within a single reactor vessel. The riser cyclone separator is connected to the primary cyclone separator by a conduit, which prevents random post-riser thermal cracking of the hydrocarbons after they exit the riser cyclone separator. The conduit contains an annular port to allow stripping gas to enter the conduit to improve the separation of hydrocarbons from catalyst. Catalyst separated in the riser cyclone separator drops through a riser cyclone dipleg and passes through a dipleg seal which comprises a seal pot or catalyst held around the dipleg. The conduit is formed by two overlapping parts, one having a larger diameter than the other to form the annular port and packing or spacers may be used to align and space the overlapping parts.

Abstract: Integrated primary-secondary reforming operations are carried out with the partly reformed product effluent from the reformer tubes of the primary reforming zone passing to a catalyst-free reaction space at the feed end of a catalyst bed in the secondary reforming zone. The exothermic heat of reaction generated in said reaction space supplies the necessary heat for the endothermic reforming reaction that occurs in the catalyst bed of the secondary reforming zone, and the still hot secondary product effluent leaving the secondary reforming zone is passed in the shell side of the primary reformer zone to supply the endothermic heat of reaction required in said primary reforming zone. Essentially autothermal operating conditions are thereby achieved so as to essentially eliminate the necessity for employing an external fuel-fired primary reformer and/or for consuming a portion of the hydrocarbon feed material for fuel purposes.

Abstract: A support assembly for the air distributor in the catalyst regenerator vessel of a fluid catalytic cracking apparatus is revealed. The support assembly comprises a primary support which fixedly connects the air distributor to the catalyst regenerator and a plurality of secondary rigid supports. The secondary rigid supports connect to both the air distributor and catalyst regenerator vessel with ball and socket joints.The support assembly allows for unrestricted multi directional thermal expansion of the air distributor without causing twisting or warping.