Abstract: A method for integrally applying a rough surface to the grooves of paper pulp refiner plates which involves placing the pattern for the plate into a mold and then applying to the desired surfaces of the pattern a mixture including a selected kind of ceramic particles with silica sand, additives and a binder system. The mold is then packed with conventional molding sand. The pattern is removed from the mold and superheated refiner plate base metal is introduced into the mold resulting in penetration of the voids around the particles and adherence of the particles to the surfaces selected by the application of the mixture. Surfaces desired to be smooth may be treated after the pattern is removed from the mold and before pouring by treating the desired surfaces with coating to accomplish that purpose. Ceramic particles used include alumina, silica, zirconia, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, vanadium carbide and niobium carbide. These have the angularity to create the required voids to fill with molten metal.

Abstract: An abrasive member comprising an electrically conductive or non-conductive open, porous layer comprising a nonwoven fabric supporting a metal structure which carries an abrasive material. The porous layer, at a side thereof not containing abrasive material, may be provided with a backing layer having heat conductive properties. Further, the porous layer may consist of two or more layers stacked together, at least one of these layers being a nonwoven fabric. Such an abrasive member is excellently suitable for heavy duty dry-grinding operations, such as the grinding of granite. The abrasive metal structure can be applied onto and through the porous layer by an electroplating or electro-deposition process.

Abstract: An abrasive medium suitable for the cutting tip of a turbine blade of a gas turbine engine comprises cubic boron nitride grit coated with a layer of aluminum nitride. Coating of the grit particles is carried out by vapour deposition in a fluidised bed reaction.

Abstract: An abrasive grain having a coating of grinding aid thereon is provided. The abrasive grains can be incorporated into a variety of abrasive products including bonded abrasives, nonwoven abrasives and coated abrasives.

Abstract: The invention relates to the manufacture of manganese dioxide by a chemical process. The resulting manganese dioxide product takes the form of particles characterized by filament-like protrusions jutting out from its surface. The manganese dioxide particles having such surface features can be manufactured by reacting manganese sulfate with sodium peroxodisulfate in an aqueous solution. The process can be controlled to yield high density manganese dioxide. The manganese dioxide formed in the process can be deposited directly onto the surface of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD). The manganese dioxide product the is particularly suitable for use as a cathode active material in electrochemical cells.

Abstract: A non-woven abrasive material including a lofty, open, three dimensional web of non-woven fibers randomly intertwined and carrying abrasive particles and a binder material bonding the fibers together and bonding the abrasive particles to the fibers, with hydrogenated vegetable oil in solid form coating the fibers, particles and binder material at the surface of the web and within voids in the interior of the web, and preferably also with a coating of resinous plastic binder encapsulating the hydrogenated vegetable oil at the surface of the web and within its interior.

Abstract: A method of recycling a reusable composite blasting media comprising a plurality of discrete particles of an abrasive component combined with a carrier component. The method comprises the steps of collecting the recyclable composite blasting media after at least one blasting cycle, mixing at least one of additional abrasive component and additional carrier component with the collected composite blasting media, and forming the composite media into a plurality of granules each containing a plurality of discrete particles of the abrasive component and the carrier component.

Abstract: A product and a process for producing a matrix and a tool for use in abrasive or cutting applications including a base tool structure which may be armed with a plurality of triangular or conically shaped structures 24B consisting of abrasive particles 32 bonded together in a braze metal 38. The structures 24B may be prepared in a manner which provides a selectable rake angle. Rake angles including negative 46, neutral 46' and positive 46" may be produced. The process is accomplished by diffusing magnetizable abrasive particles on a release mechanism which has been placed on a reusable fixture 10 consisting of a plurality of balls 16 secured to a magnetized surface 14. The particles 32 stack to form structures 24 which are then encapsulated in a braze paste 26. The axis of the structures 24 is aligned with the applied magnetic field. The cones are symmetrical if the magnetic field emanates perpendicularly from the magnetized surface.

Abstract: Abrasive and/or refractory products comprising at least one compound from the group of oxynitrides of one or more metals or metalloids (such as Al, Mg, alkaline earth metals, Si, Ti or Zr) and obtained by melting and solidification.

Abstract: An electrode for a rechargeable electrochemical cell including an electrically conductive substrate, a layer of an electrochemically active material attached to the substrate, the active material comprising a reducible species of a metal, at least one conductive contact area formed of a metallic form of said metal attached to said substrate, said metallic contact area comprising said reducible species in a converted form. A positive electrode is further provided wherein said active material is nickel hydroxide and said metallic form of said metal is nickel metal. The invention further comprises the method for manufacturing electrodes as described above, featuring use of reducing gas to effect conversion.

Abstract: Pigments in a form for bulk shipment are prepared by kneading dry pigment particles with a limited amount of water or an aqueous slurry of pigment particles to form dough-like, dust-free agglomerates which are shipped without subsequent drying and/or compaction.

Abstract: A composite metal hydroxide which overcomes the instability and coarse crystal formation of calcium hydroxide and can be used in fields where calcium hydroxide conventionally cannot be used, e.g., as an agent for neutralizing or inactivating acids or halogens in plastics and rubbers and as a flame retardant for plastics and rubbers. The composite metal hydroxide has the formula,Ca.sub.1-x M.sup.2+.sub.x (OH).sub.2wherein M.sup.2+ is at least one divalent metal ion selected from the group consisting of Mg.sup.2+, Mn.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+ and Zn.sup.2+, and x is defined by 0.005<x<0.4.

Abstract: Synthetic abrasive stones and method for making same. A mixture of glass and 10.5-28% by weight foaming agent is provided. The mixture is heated to a temperature of from 765.degree. to 960.degree. C., and is then cooled to room temperature.

Abstract: A trace amount of a polytetrafluoroethylene resin is incorporated with an abrasive pigment prior to or during the preparation of an aqueous pigment slurry or is applied to dry pigment to reduce the abrasivity of the pigment. The treated pigment can be employed in the manufacture of filled and coated paper.

Abstract: A sintered polycrystalline compact of cubic boron nitride is made by first forming a mixture of about 30 to 60 percent by weight cubic boron nitride, up to about 50 percent by weight hexagonal boron nitride, and from about 2 to 7 percent by weight adjuvant materials, or sintering aids, comprising an aluminum containing material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum nitride, or aluminum diboride, and up to 50 percent by weight of nitride, carbide, or carbonitride binder material containing a group IVb, Vb, or VIb transition metal. The mixture of cBN crystals, hBN and other materials is compacted into a preform and subjected to heat treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. The preform is placed onto a cemented tungsten-carbide/cobalt substrate and subjected to elevated pressure and temperature conditions at which cubic boron nitride is thermodynamically stable.

Abstract: A blast media for stripping contaminants from a substrate comprises abrasive particles which are formed by agglomerating fine particles of sodium bicarbonate with an aqueous binder solution of sodium carbonate to form composite particles of sodium bicarbonate and sodium sesquicarbonate which is formed by the reaction of the bicarbonate with the carbonate in solution.

Abstract: A method of forming abrasive grinding wheels includes the steps of preheating abrasive grains, an open circular mold and liquid epoxy binder, to a temperature below the curing temperature of the binder and at which the binder has relatively low viscosity. The binder is placed in the mold and the mold is rotated, or the mold is held stationary and grains are added from a moving delivery source. The abrasive is added along a radian with respect to an axis of the mold. The rate of the addition of the abrasive grains and the rotational speed of the mold or delivery source are controlled such that abrasive grains added during a prior rotation submerge in the binder by the time the mold or delivery source again reaches the area where more grains are added. After the binder is suitably filled with abrasive, the wheel is cured by heating and the solid mass removed from the mold and trimmed to size, removing any skin of excess binder.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electrically conductive pigment containing 20 to 95% by weight of a component A comprising one or more conductive platelet-like pigments and 5 to 80% by weight of a component B comprising one or more conductive needle-shaped or fibrous pigments.

Abstract: An abrasive article comprising abrasive elements dispersed in a binder matrix, the abrasive elements comprising individual particles of abrasive material, substantially all of which are partially embedded in a metal binder. The abrasive particles, when introduced into an electrolyte bath only during the final stages of an electrodeposition process, are embedded only on a major surface of the metal binder. Methods of making the abrasive elements and the abrasive articles are also presented as aspects of the invention.

Abstract: Chemical-mechanical polishing methods are disclosed for removing insulating inorganic metal oxide materials from semiconductor wafers. Such utilize aqueous acids or base slurries having a pK ionization constant of less than or equal to 5.0. Alternately, aqueous slurries having an oxidizing agent with an E.degree. reduction potential of greater than or equal to 1.0 volt are utilized. Further alternatively, non-aqueous slurries having a liquid halogenated or pseudohalogenated reactant are utilized. Further, slurries having an organic ligand precursor are utilized.