Abstract: An electrolysis cell comprising a housing containing a plurality of alternating anode units and cathode units and an ion permeable membrane sheet disposed therebetween and having in direct contact with the opposite sides of the membrane sheet a porous anode and a porous cathode, said cathode units comprising a pair of spaced foraminous cathodes of the same polarity forming a space for catholyte therebetween and means for flowing aqueous electrolyte through the catholyte space of the cathode unit and means for removing electrolysis products, the anode units comprising a pair of spaced foraminous anodes forming a space for anolyte therebetween, means for flowing aqueous halide solution through the said anolyte space and means for removing electrolysis products therefrom and means for uniformly compressing the units and membranes together and to a novel method of generating halogens by electrolysis of aqueous halide solutions.

Abstract: Method and means for automatically controlling chlor-alkali cells are described. Control is exercised on the basis of a mass flow analysis, starting from a target caustic concentration for the catholyte output, to establish individual set points for optimum cell system operating conditions so as to achieve said target output value. Such control is accomplished by a central automatic control unit which is adapted to monitor the operation of the cell and its associated brine and caustic output subsystems and to institute appropriate corrective actions whenever a tolerance band around one or more of said set points is exceeded.The control unit is further adapted to provide daily and weekly operating summaries and to store said summaries for trends analyses to establish the scope and significance of any long-term degradative processes which might be occurring.

Abstract: An ionic activity measuring device comprising a substrate provided with at least one opening for receiving a terminal made of a metal layer or a metal layer and a water insoluble metal salt layer, an ion selecting layer positioned on or in the substrate, and at least one liquid receiving hole for bringing liquid into contact with the ion selecting layer at the point vertically aligning with the opening in the substrate. The liquid receiving hole is formed in a porous bridge positioned on the ion selecting layer or on a bridge supporting material which is discrete from the ion selecting layer, or is formed in the substrate. The substrate may be a flexible film, and the device may further comprise a film feeding housing provided with a shaft for feeding the film and a film receiving housing provided with a wind-up shaft.

Abstract: An electrochemical bipolar reactor has numerous conductive particles held in a fixed relationship to one another with non-conductive material wedged between at least some of the particles to electrically insulate those particles from other particles. In one embodiment, the conductive particles are separated into discrete layers by layers of non-conductive material. In another embodiment, the conductive particles are each partially covered with a layer of non-conductive material. In either case, the non-conductive material is pervious so that electrolyte can readily contact the conductive particles. The reactor has a low void volume and current leakage is minimized. The reactor of the present invention is particularly suited to process high volume wastes and can be constructed easily without machine parts. Also, the reactor can be operated over a wide range of conditions.

Abstract: A process for improving the high temperature flexural strength of titanium diboride-boron nitride (TiB.sub.2 -BN) intermetallic compositions which comprises reheating hot pressed TiB.sub.2 -BN stock to about 2000.degree. C. for about four hours in an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: An improved machining method and electrode for use in the traveling-wire EDM process utilizing an aqueous machining fluid medium which is decomposed by erosive electrical discharges into gaseous oxygen and hydrogen. Breakage of the traveling-wire electrode is reduced or eliminated through the use of an improved electrode element comprising a continuous electrode wire substrate and a layer of a polymeric substance having a temperature of thermal decomposition of 100.degree. to 500.degree. C. attached thereto in a distributed manner such as to partially cover the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A method of producing a dense ceramic product comprises the steps of mixing a ceramic powder containing a major proportion of an alpha-phase substituted silicon nitride obeying the formula M.sub.x (Si,Al).sub.12 (O,N).sub.16, where x is not greater than 2 and M is a modifying cation (e.g. yttrium, calcium, lithium, magnesium, cerium) with at least one nitride of silicon and/or alumina wherein the alumina represents not more than 10% by weight of the mixture; and sintering the mixture in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature of 1700.degree. C. to 1900.degree. C. so as to produce (1) a dense ceramic product consisting essentially of beta-phase substituted silicon nitride having the general formula Si.sub.6-z Al.sub.z N.sub.8-z O.sub.z, where z is greater than zero and not greater than 1.5, and 0.05% wt to 20% wt of a further phase containing said modifying cation M, or (2) a dense ceramic product consisting essentially of said beta-phase substituted silicon nitride a 0.

Abstract: In a process of regenerating laden absorbent solutions used to desulfurize gases which contain H.sub.2 S and CO.sub.2 and possibly COS, which solutions contain at least one highly volatile secondary amine in an organic solvent, the laden absorbent solution is flashed and stripped with its own vapor. The overhead vapors from the regenerator, which consists of an indirectly heated plate column, are cooled to approximately ambient temperature. The resulting condensate is separated and fed to the top of the regenerator. The cooled gas is withdrawn. A partial stream of the vapor is withdrawn from the regenerator 1 to 10 plates below the outlet for the overhead vapors and the inlet for the condensate and is cooled to ambient temperature. The resulting condensate is fed to the regenerator 1 to 10 plates above the inlet for the absorbent solution.

Abstract: A halogen production apparatus comprising a halogen production device and a metal-halogen secondary cell which contains in its electrolyte the same halogen as is produced by the production device. Drive power is supplied to the production device from a commercial power terminal. Charging power is supplied from the commercial power terminal to the secondary cell during a first period of time, for example, during a period of time in which the power cost is low. During this period of time, the halogen produced by the secondary cell is added to the halogen produced by the production device. During a second period of time different from the first period, for example, during a period of time in which the power cost is high, the power generated by the secondary cell is supplied to the production device while a portion of the halogen produced by the production device is being supplied to the electrolyte of the secondary cell.

Abstract: Cementing compositions and methods of using same in high temperature oil and gas well cementing operations are disclosed. Such compositions are comprised of fresh or salt water cement slurries, a water-soluble borate and particular terpolymers comprised of a strong acid monomer, a weak acid monomer and a nonionic monomer.

Abstract: A cathode for electrolyzing acid solutions which comprises an electrically conductive metal substrate, a spray coated layer of a cathode active material containing tungsten, tungsten carbide or a mixture thereof in an amount of 10% by weight or more on the substrate, and an impregnation coated layer of 1 g/m.sup.2 or more of an acid-resistant fluorine containing resin on the outside surface of the coated layer of cathode active material, and a process for producing such.

Abstract: A method of treating foil for use in electrolytic capacitors in which the foil moves in one direction through a treatment liquid and in which the capacitance is measured continuously by means of at least one current-carrying electrode from which alternating current is conveyed and at least one voltage electrode at a small distance from the foil. The foil capacitance is measured by means of a phase-sensitive voltmeter. The measured capacitance is used to control the treatment method, etching or forming. In a preferred embodiment two current-carrying electrodes are present on either side of the foil and two voltage electrodes are present between the current-carrying electrodes and the foil on either side thereof. This avoids contacting of the foil.

Abstract: A method of oxidizing an element in both compartments of an electrolytic cell is provided. The method comprises reducing O.sub.2 to H.sub.2 O.sub.2 in the cathodic compartment with a reducing agent such as a cobalt porphyrin, cobalt phthalocyanine, or hydroquinone, and oxidizing the element in both compartments preferably in the presence of a halide. Yields of up to 200 percent are obtainable.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon oils are processed by hydrotreatment over a sepiolite supported metal catalyst, described fuller in U.S. Pat. No. 4,152,250, whereby metallic impurities are removed from the oil and its asphaltene content is decreased, and the hydrotreated oil is solvent deasphalted using a propane, butane, pentane, hexane or heptane solvent or mixtures of these to give a deasphalted oil suitable for further treatment, e.g. hydrodesulphurization, and an asphaltic residue.

Abstract: An electrophoretic apparatus which is equipped with means for detecting that a zone of a certain kind of ion component passes through a predetermined position of a migration tube so that the electrophoresis is divided into two stages to effect a pre-separation, i.e., a rough separation of target components and to effect a fine separation for finely separating said target component and so that the switch from the pre-separation to the fine separation in automatically effected in accordance with the output of the aforementioned passage detecting means, which can shorten an analysis time and ensure a precise quantitative or qualitative analysis.

Abstract: Passivation of a mercury cadmium telluride surface is done by using square ave direct current, with the positive portion of the wave larger than the negative part.

Abstract: Electric humidity detecting sensing element on the basis of a layer of porous aluminum oxide, treated by sealing in boiling water, passivation and tempering at 70.degree. to 110.degree. C., achieving thereby a substantial reduction of subsequent variations of calibrating curves. The time of tempering may range from 2 to 24 hours. A preferred average time of tempering is 8 hours, with a practical upper limit of 12 hours.

Abstract: Coating compositions comprising a polymeric polyol with a polyester crosslinking agent having at least two beta-alkoxyester groups per molecule are disclosed. The compositions, when applied to a substrate and cured in the presence of a transesterification catalyst, give solvent-resistant coatings.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a solar selective coating on aluminum comprises a preliminary treatment such as an etch or brightening followed by anodizing in phosphoric acid at a constant voltage of from 10-20 volts for a time period sufficient to provide a total current of from 90-175 coulombs per square decimeter of aluminum surface. Prior to sealing, the resultant anodized surface is subjected to a constant AC voltage coloring treatment in a concentrated metal sulfate solution containing at least 85 grams per liter of metal sulfates.

Abstract: During production of tin plate on an electrolytic tinning line the tin plated strip is immersed in an aqueous solution of sodium dichromate and thereafter the tin plate surface is oiled with acetyl tributyl citrate. A tin plate surface is thereby provided which can be satisfactorily decorated with ultraviolet-cured direct printed inks.