Abstract: An improved dewaxing aid for solvent dewaxing processes comprising a mixture of (a) lithium isostearate and (b) a polymer of an ester of at least one aliphatic alcohol with methacrylic acid or acrylic acid having an average molecular weight ranging from between about 300,000 to 2,000,000. The lithium isostearate, when combined with the acrylic polymer, synergistically improves the efficiency of wax separation. This has been found to be especially useful for dewaxing heavy petroleum oil fractions, such as bright stocks.

Abstract: The polyhedral body of aluminum such as a watch case obtained by the inventive method is colored in two different colors on different polyhedral faces demarcated by the ridgeline therebetween with remarkable decisiveness not obtained in the prior art methods. The inventive method utilizes anodization and coloring by dyeing in two steps. A part of the polyhedral faces anodized and colored in a dark color in the first step is ground to expose the bare surface of aluminum, which is then activated by dipping in an aqueous acid solution and again anodized by applying an unconventionally high voltage in an electrolyte bath of a specific composition followed by coloring in a light color decoratively distinguishable from the dark color imparted in the first step coloring.

Abstract: A desalter/dehydrater having a plurality of electrified coalescing stages in a single vessel wherein the stages are isolated hydraulically to allow parallel or serial stage operation and the emulsion being treated is introduced at one side of the vessel and caused to flow to the opposite side between horizontal planar permeable electrodes. In one embodiment, several electrical stages are operated in parallel to increase vessel throughput capacity. In another embodiment, series operation is employed, wherein each successive stage receives the product from the preceding stage as feed, with fresh water being added. The number of stages is one less than the number of the electrodes.

Abstract: A process for pretreating a substantially non-conductive substrate such as a plateable plastic or plastic article having an electroless metal deposit on the surface thereof which comprises the steps of conditioning the surface of the substrate to effect an increase in the conductivity thereof with a dilute aqueous acidic solution containing controlled effective amounts of copper, acid and a polyether compound followed by an electrolytic acid copper strike employing a more concentrated aqueous electrolyte containing copper, acid and a polyether compound. The conditioning and electrolytic copper strike steps can be performed without necessitating any intervening rinse steps to provide a conductive basis for subsequently depositing adherent and uniform electroplates such as decorative acid copper or the like.

Abstract: Normal paraffins are separated from a hydrocarbon vapor feedstream having 10 to 25 carbon atoms per molecule in a constant pressure process employing a molecular sieve adsorbent and n-hexane for purging and for dilution of gas oil - containing feedstocks. A portion of the countercurrent, desorption purge effluent is employed as a hexane - containing cocurrent purge stream, thereby significantly reducing the required amount of n-hexane purge recycle material, and the size of the equipment and the energy consumed in the processing of said recycle stream. A portion of said countercurrent purge effluent can also be used to provide a source of n-hexane diluent for the gas oil - containing feedstocks, as can the cocurrent purge effluent, resulting in further reduction in required equipment and energy costs, and increasing adsorption efficiency and adsorbent utilization.

Abstract: Electrodeposition of chromium of selectively constituted crystalline character and grain texture on metal substrates, such as aluminum or steel base lithographic sheet to provide improved and directly chromium plated aluminum or steel base lithographic sheet capable of operatively functioning as a surface plate after exposure of an applied photo sensitive coating thereon.

Abstract: This is a process for providing good adhesion of chromium electroplated onto a chromium and tungsten containing cobalt alloy (comprising 40-60% by weight cobalt, 19-25% chromium and 10-20% tungsten). Prior to electroplating, the cobalt alloy surface is etched with a 1-45% ferric solution for 1-200 minutes at 10.degree.-100.degree. C. Preferably, the surface is cleaned with an alkaline solution prior to etching and rinsed with cold water after etching.

Abstract: A low coking pitch suitable for carbon artifact manufacture, especially carbon fiber manufacture, is obtained by heat soaking and vacuum stripping the distillate recovered from cat cracker bottoms. Preferably a cat cracker bottom distillate boiling in the range of about 450.degree. C. to 510.degree. C. at 760 mm Hg is heat soaked at about 350.degree. C. to about 500.degree. C. for up to about 20 hours and then vacuum stripped at below 400.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to elements of aluminium, such as bars, sections or apparatus components for forming electrical contacts capable of withstanding mechanical and thermal stressing. The method by which these elements are produced consists in depositing a firmly adhering layer of nickel to the aluminium substrate at least in the contact zone. The quality of the contact is further improved when the nickel-plated element is in contact with a silver-plated element. The elements according to the invention may be used for the production of pin-type contacts and any other devices for making or breaking electrical circuits, such as isolators, circuit breakers, and contactors.

Abstract: Copolymers are described of at least 75% by weight of tert-butyl styrene, from 1% to 24% by weight of a copolymerizable second monomer and from 1% to 10% by weight of methacrylic acid, the copolymers having certain specified solubility and rheological characteristics in AVTUR 50 aviation kerosene. A process for making the copolymers by aqueous emulsion polymerization of the monomers under certain defined conditions is also described. The copolymers are useful as additives to liquid hydrocarbon aircraft fuels for the purpose of reducing the tendency of such fuels to form inflammable mists under shock conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a motor fuel comprising a major portion of gasoline-boiling-range compounds and from 0.1 to 49 volume percent t-butyl t-butoxyacetate.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## where the radicals A, A.sup.1 and B are identical or different andA is unsubstituted or substituted benzene or heteroaromatic,A.sup.1, if n=1, is unsubstituted or substituted heteroaromatic or is aryl which is unsubstituted or substituted by alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, nitro, hydroxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or aminocarbonyl, and, if n>1, A.sup.1 may also be aryl substituted by unsubstituted or substituted amino,B is a bridge member of the formula ##STR2## B.sup.1 is a bridge member which may or may not be quaternized, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy or amino,n is an integer equal to or greater than 1 andX.sup..theta. is an anion.The compounds according to the invention are preferably used for coloring paper pulp.

Abstract: A hybrid lubricant in which microfine PTFE particles are uniformly dispersed in an oil carrier that includes a small but effective amount of an oil-soluble organic molybdenum compound, the hybrid lubricant being diluted with a major amount of a conventional lubricating oil. In operation, a thin film of the molybdenum compound is developed on the rubbing metal surfaces of the lubricated engine, the film reacting in the high-temperature, high-pressure environment of the rubbing surfaces to form a fluoride to which the PTFE particles bond to impart thereto an extremely low coefficient of friction to afford the benefits of both solid and fluid lubrication. The hybrid lubricant minimizes friction under all operating conditions regardless of their severity, and it reduces wear on the engine.

Abstract: Alcohols may be inhibited against corrosion by addition thereto of a reaction product of maleic anhydride and certain alkoxy propyl amines.

Abstract: A liquid fuel composition consisting of a stable emulsion of (a) a mineral fuel oil, (b) methanol or an aqueous solution of methanol, saccharose or a starch decomposition product, and (c) a polymeric emulsifier.The fuel composition is prepared by emulsifying the three components in a homogenizer or an ultrasonic generator.The fuel composition has a viscosity of the same order as that of the mineral fuel oil and the utilization of calories contained in the fuel composition is higher than that of pure mineral fuel oil when used as a fuel for a diesel engine.A polymeric emulsifier is prepared by esterifying a naturally occurring polymer containing free hydroxy groups with a fatty acid or with a condensation product of a hydroxy fatty acid.

Abstract: Method and means for converting organic materials, such as garbage, sewage sludge, wood and agricultural products, and the like, to fuels are disclosed which include pre-drying the organic feed material and feeding the same to a reactor for the pyrolysis thereof. Pyrolytic off-gases are fed to a condenser where a condensable fraction comprising, generally, oil and water is removed. The gas phase from the condenser is scrubbed by means of a scrubber, passed through an activated charcoal filter, and burned to supply heat for at least partially drying the reactor feed material.First gravity separating means separates the liquid phase from the condenser into oil and water fractions. Similarly, second gravity separating means, to which scrubber liquid is supplied, separates the scrubber liquid into oil and water fractions. The water fraction from the second gravity separating means is supplied as scrubbing liquid for scrubbing the gas phase.

Abstract: Sulfurized compositions are prepared by the reaction, under superatmospheric pressure, of olefinic compounds with a mixture of sulfur and hydrogen sulfide, followed by removal of low boiling materials including unreacted olefin, mercaptan and monosulfide. An optional final step is removal of active sulfur; for example, by treatment with an alkali metal sulfide. The resulting sulfurized compositions are useful as lubricant additives.

Abstract: Condensation products made by reacting an .alpha.-hydroxyalkyl hydroxy-aromatic compound also having at least one non-fused hydrocarbyl substituent with at least one olefinic nitrile, carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid derivative are useful as additives for fuels and lubricants. The total number of carbon atoms in the non-fused hydrocarbyl substituents is at least about 7 while the .alpha.-hydroxyalkyl group contains from 1 to about 36 carbons and the olefinic acid or nitrile reactant usually contains 2 to about 40 carbon atoms. Products made from hydroxymethyl alkyl-substituted phenols and .alpha.,.beta.-olefinic acid derivatives such as maleic anhydride are particularly useful. Similarly useful post-treated products can be made from these condensation products by further reaction with alcohols, amines, metal salts or metals.

Abstract: A mixed fuel composition comprises (a) a fuel oil, (b) a coal powder having an [H]/[C] ratio according to the coalification band method in the range of 0.4-0.75 and an [O]/[C] ratio in the range of 0.09-0.18 and (c) a partially amidated copolymer obtained by reacting a copolymer of a polymerizable, unsaturated hydrocarbon and maleic anhydride with an aliphatic amine of 2-36 carbon-atoms or a salt thereof as a stabilizer.

Abstract: A process for producing a conjugated diene represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 each represent a hydrogen atom, or any one of them represents a methyl group and the other two each represent a hydrogen atom,which comprises heating an alkane-1,3-diol represented by the general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent a hydrogen atom, or one of them represents a hydrogen atom and the other represents a methyl group,to a temperature of at least 130.degree. C. in the liquid phase in the presence of water and a boron-oxyacid or an oxygen-containing boron compound capable of forming a boron-oxyacid it under the reaction conditions.