Abstract: This invention relates to an optical roll alignment device for aligning a roll pass in a bar/rod or section mill both with respect to the mating roll grooves themselves and an entry guide.The device comprises optical means housed in a guide including a system of mirrors or prisms for providing an image of only the shoulders of the mating roll grooves, a lens system for magnifying the image and a screen or eyepiece in which the image is viewed, together with coordinates of the guide housing whereby any misalignment between the guide and the roll pass may be observed and corrected.

Abstract: An element in which only a single domain-wall can move sidewise, having a crystal plate of an irregular ferroelectric which is Z-plated at opposite surfaces and is then cut or cleaved in the <110> direction at its periphery and transparent electrodes for the polarization reversal provided at the central portions of the opposite Z-planes. The element includes at least a domain configuration such that two nucleus regions of opposite polarities are disposed on opposite sides of the region where the electrodes are provided.

Abstract: An optical mount enabling independent orthogonal adjustment of the angular position of an optical element comprises a cell adapted to receive an optical element and a base defining a chamber open on one side thereof for receipt of at least a part of the cell therein. The cell comprises a circumferentially extending partial spherical section and a pair of portions extending outwardly of the spherical section, and the base comprises an angular seat on the open side receiving and conforming to at least a portion of the spherical section of the cell and a pair of portions extending outwardly of the seat and facing the cell portions. A pair of independent adjustable means spaced from each other by substantially 90.degree. are secured to one of the portion pairs for movement therewith and have parts adapted to operatively abut against aligned sections of the other of the portion pairs. The parts of the adjustable means and the corresponding aligned sections of the other portion pair are biased towards each other.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the length of each of a series of continuously advancing and non-transparent articles, each article possessing an actual length L distributed about a predetermined or nominal length L.sub.o. In one embodiment the apparatus comprises two radiation/sensor pairs spaced apart by the nominal length L.sub.o. The radiation/sensor pairs are positioned along an axis parallel to the direction of article advancement. One radiation/sensor pair acts as a trigger to indicate when either the leading or trailing edge of the advancing article reaches a predetermined position, at which time the signal developed from the remaining radiation/sensor pair is memorized or recorded. This memorized voltage is an indication of the position of the leading or trailing edge of the advancing article and thus is a measure of the article's actual length. Disclosed apparatus includes a circuit to compensate for the effects of temperature variations, component drift, etc.

Abstract: An improved laser system and method for implosion of a thermonuclear fuel pellet in which that portion of a laser pulse reflected by the target pellet is utilized in the laser system to initiate a succeeding target implosion, and in which the energy stored in the laser system to amplify the initial laser pulse, but not completely absorbed thereby, is used to amplify succeeding laser pulses initiated by target reflection.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calibrating an optical micrometer utilizes a precisely dimensioned grate which is temporarily introduced into the optical path of the instrument within its zone of measurement. A beam of light is scanned through the zone of measurement and across the grate, and the information obtained therefrom is recorded in an electronic memory. Thereafter, articles subsequently placed within the zone of measurement are scanned by the beam, and the information obtained therefrom is compared against the calibration data to provide an accurate measurement of the article.

Abstract: A densitometer which measures reflection optical density and transmission optical density has a lens barrel comprised of a fixed portion and a movable portion. The movable portion is slidably engaged with the fixed portion and movable up and down. When the density is measured, the lower end of the movable portion is put into contact with the surface of a sample to be measured. The fixed portion and the movable portion of the lens barrel is comprised of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder extending coaxially with each other. A flux of light for illuminating the surface of the sample is guided between the inner and outer cylinders and condensed on the surface of the sample. The light reflected by the sample is guided through the inner cylinder.

Abstract: A leukocyte detector comprises a first and a second filter means adapted to select color components with different wave lengths, or green and blue color components, respectively, from the microscopic image of a stained blood smear, a first and a second opto-electric converter means for converting the transmitted light from said first and second filter means into corresponding electrical signals, a subtractor for subtracting the outputs from said first and second opto-electric converter means, and a comparator which compares the output of said subtractor with the predetermined threshold limit value.

Abstract: A spectroscopic auto ellipsometer for measuring two variables of polarized light (principal angle of incidence and amplitude-reflection ratio angle) by using the principal angle of incidence method comprises an illumination optical system, a polarizer set to a predetermined azimuth and rotatable with respect to the optical axis of the illumination optical system, a table supporting thereon a sample and rotatable for varying the angle of incidence at which linearly polarized light passed through the polarizer impinges on the sample, an analyzer rotatable at a predetermined velocity on the reflection optical axis from the sample, photoelectric converter means for converting the intensity of light emergent from the analyzer into electrical signal, holder means holding the analyzer and the photoelectric converter means integrally with each other and operatively associated with the sample supporting table so as to be rotated through an angle of .+-.2.theta.

Abstract: A method of measuring a dimension of a body, the method comprising: direcg a beam of optical rays towards each of two points on the surface of the body at opposite sides of the body; forming rays reflected from the said points into two distinct reflected beams; directing the reflected beams towards a common plane by means of an optical system which causes the two resulting images to follow two respective straight lines, during displacement, two rows of photodiodes being arranged along the two respective straight lines; subjecting both rows of photodiodes to continuous and synchronized electronic scanning; starting a time counter when the scanning of one row of photodiodes detects a photodiode illuminated by an image; and stopping the counter when the scanning of the other row of photodiodes detects a photodiode illuminated by the other image, the time interval registered by the counter being representative of the said dimension.

Abstract: A predetermined number of small latex beads is provided in the vacuum capsule of a Vacutainer. After blood is drawn into the capsule, the capsule is agitated to mix the blood and beads into a homogeneous suspension. A smear or spun slide is prepared of the suspension for microscopic analysis. The beads in the microscope field are counted in addition to the white blood cells, thereby enabling calculation of the volume of blood in the microscope field to provide an absolute white cell count. Absolute red cell, platelet and differential white cell counts are obtained in the same manner. The beads have a predetermined uniform size and color density thereby enabling cell size and hemoglobin percentage measurements.

Abstract: A body member arranged to be supported on a table or other support has a telescope-type magnifying device supported thereon. In one embodiment, the body member has a transversely movable reading material holder adjustable toward and away from the magnifying device to provide focusing. Such holder may be completely removed for use of the magnifying device in viewing other objects below the body member. In another embodiment, a telescope-type magnifying device has up and down movement as well as lateral movement and is used with a stationary reading material holder. This second embodiment has a friction clamp for holding the magnifying device in a selected raised position.

Abstract: In an optical dimension gauging instrument, commonly referred to as a laser micrometer, particularly for use in measuring the outside dimension of elongated cylindrical objects, such as coated wires or steel tubes, in hostile optical environments, including a laser for generating a beam of collimated light, means for directing the light through a measurement zone, photodetector means responsive to the light passing through the measurement zone, and a mirror mounted for rotation by a motor to cause the beam to be scanned repeatedly across the measurement zone, a beam expander is employed to enlarge the output of the laser to a diameter substantially greater than the maximum dimension of normally anticipated foreign objects which might intercept the beam outside the measurement zone, an anamorphic lens further expands the beam in one plane to a size greater than the size of normally anticipated foreign objects both within and without the measurement zone, and a lens system causes the beam to be focused in the o

Abstract: A body having an elongated member adapted to fit along the center line of an open book, provided with means fixed at one end for removably fastening the body to the spine of said book. Auxiliary members received by the body for movement along its length in association with the printed matter in said book.

Abstract: A lens mount for a microscope objective comprising a correcting ring, which is used for moving a part of lenses constituting the objective along the optical axis in order to correct deterioration of the image, and a friction band arranged round the outer surface of said correcting ring and made of material such as rubber so that said correcting ring can be easily rotated by rubbing said friction band by a finger bulb.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for improved optical discrimination in a total particle population of particles having a significant light absorption characteristic and particles having a significant light scattering characteristic. There is provided in such a method a combination of steps including, directing a beam of light from a source to transversely illuminate at an optical interaction station particles passed one by one through such station, partially obstructing the beam beyond the station for passage of scattered and unscattered portions of the beam, when a particle is in said beam and detecting one of said beam portions.

Abstract: A casing structure supports a circular mirror having a flat polarized surface and an annular window surrounding the circular mirror. A single light source in the casing has its light directed to an annular reflector for passing light out through the annular window to illuminate a subject looking into the circular mirror. The annular window is polarized in a direction different from the polarization of the mirror and may be rotated relative to the circular mirror to change the angle of the respective polarization.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for measuring the distance between two or more surfaces by means of a periodically shiftable imaging system and focus detectors.

Abstract: An optical instrument for use in examining the internal wall of an aperture in a work material comprising a generally tubular housing formed from a material that is opaque to light and having a central axis and first and second ends, the first end having an annular surface that lies in a plane substantially normal to the central axis, a light directing member formed from a transparent material and having a shape in the form of an elongated frustum of a right rectangular pyramid, the member having a longitudinal axis that is coincident with the central axis, a third end having a first rectangular dimension, a fourth end having a second rectangular dimension that is larger than the first dimension, and four faces extending between the third and fourth ends, each face being capable of internally reflecting light passing through the member and incident on the face, the member being mounted within the housing intermediate the first and second ends such that the third end terminates within the housing proximate the

Abstract: A method and device for the contact-free measurement of the thickness of a workpiece having first and second surfaces which are opposite and plane-parallel to each other characterized by providing a single laser beam, deflecting the laser beam, splitting the deflected laser beam into two sub-beams which are directed to opposite sides of a reference plane, reflecting at least a portion of each of the sub-beams towards the reference plane so that each portion is moved on one of the first and second surfaces of the workpiece from an initial position to a position in which the surface reflects the beam along a given path to a sensing device associated with each of the portions of the sub-beams. By calculating the angle of movement based on a lapse time for the portion to move from an initial position to the position causing the detection of a reflected beam, the distance of the deflecting point on one of the surfaces of the workpiece can be determined.