Abstract: A spark ignited engine is disclosed. The spark ignited engine includes a main combustion chamber and a cylinder head at least partially surrounding the main combustion chamber. A spark plug having a central axis is arranged in the cylinder head and an ignition end of the spark plug faces the main combustion engine. A pre-chamber with at least two nozzles is arranged in the main combustion chamber and connects the ignition end and the main combustion chamber via the at least two nozzles. A pre-chamber volume ratio corresponds to a ratio of a volume of the pre-chamber to a volume of the main combustion chamber at a top-dead-center and is between 1.9% and 3.1%. A nozzle factor corresponds to a ratio of a summed flowed-through area of the at least two nozzles to the volume of the pre-chamber and is between 0.085 l/cm and 1.15 l/cm.

Abstract: A method for providing codewords, the method may include receiving by an input buffer, one or more chunks of data; calculating a location of relevant bits within one or more chunks of data; wherein the relevant bits comprise (a) variable length retrieval information used during a retrieval process of a first type codeword, or (b) a second type codeword; performing the retrieval process of the first type codeword and retrieving the first type codeword from a memory unit that stores only a fraction of a codebook, the codebook comprises first type codewords and second type codewords; determining whether the relevant bits comprises the second type codeword or not; and outputting the second type codeword or the first type codeword, based on the determination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an intake system for natural gas engine. An intake system for an engine is provided. A conduit is configured to direct a combustible mixture to a cylinder head. A mixing unit is coupled to the conduit. The mixing unit includes a fuel doser configured to dispense fuel into the conduit and a first mixer positioned downstream of the fuel doser. The first mixer is configured to mix air and the fuel. The mixing unit further includes a exhaust gas doser configured to dispense exhaust gas into the conduit and a second mixer positioned downstream of the exhaust gas doser. The second mixer is configured to mix the exhaust gas with the air and the fuel to make the combustible mixture. An air intake throttle is configured to direct the air into the mixing unit.

Abstract: A vehicle suspension control apparatus includes a mode determination device that determines a suspension control mode corresponding to an identified front road surface, in response to the front road surface of a vehicle being identified, a suspension control amount calculation device that calculates an amount of suspension control for passing through the identified front road surface, based on the determined suspension control mode, and a controller that controls a suspension of the vehicle based on the calculated amount of suspension control.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler includes: a housing including a cavity in which a plurality of tubes are received, and including a coolant inlet conduit allowing a coolant to flow into the cavity therethrough and a coolant outlet conduit allowing the coolant to be discharged from the cavity therethrough; a bypass conduit provided in parallel to the housing; an inlet header sealingly mounted on a first end portion of the housing; and an outlet header sealingly mounted on a second end portion of the housing. The inlet header may include an EGR valve housing, a bypass valve housing, and a cooling chamber defined in the EGR valve housing and the bypass valve housing, and the cooling chamber may be fluidly connected to the cavity of the housing through the coolant outlet conduit.

Abstract: A pre-chamber spark plug for a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine includes a pre-chamber which has a plurality of openings and which is fluidically connectable to the combustion chamber via the plurality of openings. A fuel/air mixture is introducible from the combustion chamber into the pre-chamber via the plurality of openings. Each of the plurality of openings has a respective flow cross section through which the fuel/air mixture is flowable. With respect to an imaginary plane running along an imaginary axis of the pre-chamber and dividing the pre-chamber into a first half and a second half of equal size, a sum of the flow cross sections of first openings disposed in the first half is greater than a sum of the flow cross-sections of second openings disposed in the second half.

Abstract: A pre-chamber spark plug has a pre-chamber which has openings, where, with respect to a first plane running in the longitudinal direction of the pre-chamber and dividing the pre-chamber into two halves of equal size, first openings are disposed in a first of the halves and second openings are disposed in a second of the halves. The first openings are spaced apart from a second plane running in the longitudinal direction of the pre-chamber and extending perpendicular to the first plane by a first angle in the circumferential direction of the pre-chamber. The second openings are spaced apart from the second plane by a second angle in the circumferential direction of the pre-chamber. The mean value of the first angles is smaller than the mean value of the second angles.

Abstract: A canister disposal structure and a vehicle including the canister disposal structure are disclosed. The canister disposal structure is mounted in the vehicle. The vehicle includes: a secondary power supply providing electricity to a driving electric motor of the vehicle; and a canister adsorbing an evaporative fuel of a fuel tank of the vehicle. The canister disposal structure is configured such that: the canister is disposed below the secondary power supply and is located on a front side of the vehicle relative to the fuel tank.

Abstract: Feature vector feasibility is estimated by generating a target structure vector that represents numbers of a plurality of partial structures, from a feature vector of a molecule candidate, determining whether a molecule structure of the molecule candidate is feasible by using at least the target structure vector.

Abstract: An automatic engine stop-start (ESS) system for a vehicle with an internal combustion engine includes a brake pedal, a gear shifter configured to shift a transmission between park, reverse, neutral, and drive, and a controller. The controller is configured to command an ESS engine stop when the gear shifter is in drive, the vehicle is stopped, and the brake pedal is pressed, prevent an ESS engine restart when the gear shifter is shifted from drive to park, and provide, when the ESS engine restart is prevented, a warning notification to a driver that the engine is keyed-on.

Abstract: A fuel system, a vehicle, and a method of controlling an evaporative emissions system for the vehicle are provided. The fuel system has a fuel tank having a fuel fill port with a closure member. An evaporative emissions canister has a first port fluidly coupled to the fuel tank to receive vapor therefrom and a second port, with the canister positioned between an air intake for an engine and a vent to atmosphere. A filter or a second canister is supported by a bracket for movement between first and second positions, with the filter fluidly coupling the second port of the canister to the vent in the first position, and the filter spaced apart from and decoupled from the second port of the canister in the second position. The second port of the canister is in direct fluid communication with atmosphere when the filter is in the second position.

Abstract: A purge system includes a prechamber in fluid communication with a main chamber of an engine cylinder, and a port divider having a dividing wall that creates a plurality of passages within an intake port of the main chamber. The purge system further includes an outer tube fixed between a first passage of the port divider and the prechamber, and an inner tube rotatable within the outer tube. The outer tube includes apertures along a wall of the outer tube that fluidly connect the outer tube with the first passage of the port divider and with the prechamber. The inner tube includes slots along a wall of the inner tube that to fluidly connect the first passage of the port divider and the prechamber when the slots align with the apertures.

Abstract: A leak detection module (LDM) includes a housing, a canister valve solenoid (CVS) that is arranged within the housing and in fluid communication along a first fluid passageway between first and second ports. The module also includes a pump that is arranged within the housing and is in fluid communication with the first and second ports, and a pressure sensor that is in fluid communication with at least one of the first and second ports. A first controller is arranged in the housing and is in communication with the pump, the CVS and the pressure sensor. The first controller runs a test procedure using the pump and operating the CVS between open and closed positions to monitor a pressure within the module. The first controller communicates a result based upon the monitored pressure to a second controller that is arranged outside the housing and remotely from the module.

Abstract: An intake manifold for an engine includes an air inlet port and a false wall. The air inlet port has an interior surface partially defining a channel. The false wall also partially defines the channel. The false wall is flush with the interior surface. A chamber is defined on an opposing side of the false wall relative to the channel. A gap is defined between outer edges of the false wall and the interior surface. The gap establishes fluid communication between the chamber and the channel. The air inlet port defines an orifice configured to establish fluid communication between a fuel evaporative recovery system and the chamber.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) mixer for use in a power generation system is provided. The EGR mixer includes a mixing chamber defining a flow direction and a working fluid inlet coupled with the mixing chamber for introducing a working fluid into the mixing chamber along the flow direction. The EGR mixer also includes exhaust gas injection ducts extending across the mixing chamber downstream from the working fluid inlet. Each of the exhaust gas injection ducts is oriented to receive exhaust gases being recirculated within the power generation system and to inject the exhaust gases into the mixing chamber in a direction that intersects the flow direction to generate a turbulent flow within the mixing chamber. The EGR mixer also includes an outlet coupled with the mixing chamber for directing a mixture of the exhaust gases and the working fluid to a compressor within the power generation system.

Abstract: A saddle riding vehicle includes an internal combustion engine having a crankshaft, a starter motor having a rotary shaft connected to the crankshaft, a main shaft connected to the crankshaft, a countershaft connected to the main shaft and configured to transmit power to a driving wheel, a battery configured to supply electric power to the starter motor, a rotation detector configured to detect a rotation state of the crankshaft, an acquisition part configured to acquire a rotational speed on the basis of the rotation state detected by the rotation detector, and a controller configured to stop the starter motor in a case the rotational speed is equal to or smaller than first threshold in a state in which the rotary shaft, the crankshaft, the main shaft and the countershaft are connected.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for adjusting a volume of a variable volume device arranged in a fuel tank. In one example, a method may include, upon conditions being met, operating a pump of an evaporative emissions control (EVAP) system leak detection module (ELCM) to increase or decrease the volume of the variable volume device in response to a refueling event of a vehicle being transported.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a frame, a seat, a storage box, an engine body at least partially overlapping with the seat when seen from above, an intake system component, a fuel system component, an evaporative emission system, a pressure sensor, and at least one of an electric vent valve or an electric suction pump. At least one of the pressure sensor, the vent valve, or the suction pump is supported by at least one of a frame, a storage box, an engine body, an intake system component, or a fuel system component.

Abstract: A fuel ignition device for an engine having a plurality of cylinders. The fuel ignition device including an active pre-chamber, the active pre-chamber further including a fuel inlet for introducing fuel into the active pre-chamber, a spark plug configured to ignite a fuel-air mixture in the active pre-chamber, and a plurality of holes arranged circumferentially around a lower end of the active pre-chamber, the plurality of holes being configured to provide fluid communication between the central chamber and a combustion main chamber of the gas engine.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining whether or not a temperature sensor is degraded are presented. In one example, a determination of degradation of the temperature sensor is based on a difference between a temperature determined from output of the temperature sensor and an estimate of a temperature of a pressure sensor.