Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing an unsaturated-acid ester or an unsaturated acid, containing a step of reacting a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1) with a compound represented by the following formula (2) (excluding the compound (1)) in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst at a temperature of the boiling point of the compound (1) or higher and 350° C. or lower, thereby obtaining products including a compound represented by the following formula (3): (in formula (1) and formula (3), R1, R2 and R4 each independently may be hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R3 and R5 each independently are hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, and X is a halogen atom; in formula (2) and formula (3), R6 may be hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group, and R7 is hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom).

Abstract: Compounds that modulate the oxidoreductase enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and compositions containing the compounds, are described herein. The use of such compounds and compositions for the treatment and/or prevention of a diverse array of diseases, disorders and conditions, including cancer- and immune-related disorders, that are mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides sulforaphane, or a plant extract comprising sulforaphane, for treating or reducing insulin resistance of the liver. Especially, there is provided sulforaphane, or a plant extract comprising sulforaphane, for treating or reducing insulin resistance of the liver, wherein, in the subject to be treated, the insulin resistance index of the liver is higher than the insulin resistance of other metabolic tissue.

Abstract: A process for preparing acrylic acid from methanol and acetic acid, comprising (i) contacting a gaseous stream S0 comprising methanol, oxygen and inert gas with an oxidation catalyst to obtain a gaseous stream S1 comprising formaldehyde and inert gas; (ii) removing at least a portion of the inert gas present in S1 from at least a portion of the formaldehyde present in S1 by absorbing this formaldehyde in an absorbent to obtain a gaseous stream S2 comprising the portion of the inert gas removed, and to obtain a stream S3 comprising absorbent and absorbate comprising formaldehyde; (iii) optionally removing a portion or the entirety of the absorbent present in stream S3, such that a stream S3a remains from stream S3, and producing a stream S4 from at least stream S3 or stream S3a and a stream S5 comprising acetic acid; and (iv) contacting stream S4 in gaseous form with an aldol condensation catalyst to obtain a gaseous stream S6 comprising acrylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), wherein A, B, R1 and R2 are as defined herein before useful for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Abstract: Compounds useful for inhibiting the immunoproteasome have the formula of Methods and compounds for inhibiting the immunoproteasome, particularly, immunoproteasome inhibitors with non-peptide scaffolds, are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new use of NAC in IVF, in a human or mammalian animal patient. In addition an effective dose regimen of NAC in IVF is proposed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Abstract: A composition is described comprising a mixture of (methylcyclohexyl)toluene isomers having the following formula: wherein the mixture comprises at least 50 wt % in total of the 3,3, 3,4 4,3 and 4,4-isomers of (methylcyclohexyl)toluene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing methyl methacrylate by direct oxidative esterification of methacrolein and the preparation of methacrolein. It is a feature of this novel process that it was possible to distinctly increase the yield and the efficiency of the process compared to the prior art through a sequence of different distillation steps.

Abstract: A compound is represented by Formula (I) or (II) described below. A medicine includes, as an active ingredient, a compound represented by Formula (I), (II), or (III) described below.

Abstract: Disclosed are salts, such as nitrates, of acetyl-L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine and methods of making the compounds.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I and Formula II, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, stereoisomers of any of the foregoing, or mixtures thereof are agonists of the APJ Receptor and have use in treating cardiovascular and other conditions. Compounds of Formula I and Formula II have the following structures: where the definitions of the variables are provided herein.

Abstract: A heterocyclic nitrogen stabilizing agent is employed to reduce the rate of catalyst deactivation in a hydroformylation process.

Abstract: This application relates to thiophene azo carboxylate dyes for use as hueing agents, laundry care compositions comprising such dyes that may serve as hueing agents, processes for making such dyes and laundry care compositions and methods of using the same. The aforementioned dyes contain a formally charged moiety and are generally comprised of at least two components: at least one chromophore component and at least one polymeric component. Suitable chromophore components generally fluoresce blue, red, violet, or purple color when exposed to ultraviolet light, or they may absorb light to reflect these same shades. Such dyes are advantageous in providing a hueing effect, for example, a whitening effect to fabrics, while not building up over time and causing undesirable blue discoloration to the treated fabrics. Such dyes are also generally stable to bleaching agents used in laundry care compositions.

Abstract: 4-Aralkylphenols and derivatives thereof expressed by general formulas (6) and (7) are useful for producing trisphenols.

Abstract: A method for preparing a hop acid mixture having an enantiomeric excess of a (+)-tetrahydro-?-acid is disclosed. In the method, a racemate of a tetrahydro-?-acid is contacted with an amine to form a precipitate having an enantiomeric excess of the (+)-tetrahydro-?-acid. A method for preparing a hop acid is also disclosed. In the method, a racemate of a tetrahydro-?-acid is contacted with an amine to form a precipitate comprising a (+)-tetrahydro-?-acid, and the (+)-tetrahydro-?-acid is isomerized to a hop acid selected from the group consisting of (+)-trans-tetrahydro-iso-?-acids, (?)-cis-tetrahydro-iso-?-acids, and mixtures thereof, and reduced to (+)-trans-hexahydroiso-?-acids and (?)-cis-hexahydroiso-?-acids. An additive for flavoring a malt beverage is also disclosed. The additive includes a bittering agent selected from the group consisting of (+)-trans-tetrahydro-iso-?-acids, (?)-cis-tetrahydro-iso-?-acids, (+)-trans-hexahydroiso-?-acids, (?)-cis-hexahydroiso-?-acids, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the implementation of a new method for manufacturing solid dosage forms for oral administration comprising poorly water soluble active ingredients which overcomes the associated solubility problems and affords improved dissolution profile.

Abstract: The invention relates to pyrrole carboxamides bearing a fluoromethyl-moiety as voltage gated calcium channel blockers, to pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and also to these compounds for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of pain and further diseases and/or disorders.

Abstract: Fibers and methods of forming the fibers are described herein. The fibers generally include an ethylene based polymer exhibiting a molecular weight distribution of from about 2 to about 8.