Abstract: Disclosed is an optimized process and apparatus for more efficiently and economically carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound. Such liquid-phase oxidation is carried out in a bubble column reactor that provides for a highly efficient reaction at relatively low temperatures. When the oxidized compound is para-xylene and the product from the oxidation reaction is crude terephthalic acid (CTA), such CTA product can be purified and separated by more economical techniques than could be employed if the CTA were formed by a conventional high-temperature oxidation process.

Abstract: In general terms, the present invention includes a process for producing a new zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) offering improved seal compatibility characteristics in engine and transmission oil packages. The present invention additionally includes zinc dialkyldithiophosphate produced in accordance with the disclosed methodologies, and oil additives, lubricants, and engines and transmission comprising the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate of the present invention.

Abstract: Fuel oxygenates comprised of fatty acid or fatty acid ester derivatives which have been reacted with ozone; a base; and a lower alkanol (1 to 8 carbon atoms) are described. The oxygenates comprise ester groups at a point of cleavage by the ozone which provide oxygen in the oxygenate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the continuous production of methylmercaptan by reacting a starting gas mixture of methanol and hydrogen sulphide in the gas phase at a reaction temperature between 200 and 600° C. and an operating pressure of 1.5 to 40 bar on a catalyst in a multi-bed reactor.

Abstract: An 1-amido-3-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)-2-propanol derivative represented by the following formula (1), wherein cycle A may have further 1 to 4 substituents, and said substituent means a substituent selected from the group consisting of saturated or unsaturated C1-4 alkyl group, aralkyl group in which alkyl moiety has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, aryl group, halogen atom, halogenated C1-4 alkyl group, C2-5 alkanoyl group, mono or dialkylcarbamoyl group in which alkyl moiety has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, cyano group and nitro group, and the substituents at positions 3 and 6, or at positions 4 and 5 on the cycle A are different each other. Other ring may be fused at positions 3 and 4, or at positions 5 and 6 on the cycle A to form a condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon with the cycle A. R1 is alkanoyl group or aroyl group, and R2 is hydrogen atom, alkanoyl group or aroyl group, or R1 and R2 may be combined together with the N atom to form a cyclic imido group, which is useful as an intermediate of medicines, etc.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for production of D- and/or L-methionine via D- and/or L-homoserine with subsequent chemical transformation to give methionine.

Abstract: Formula (I) compounds are described where the groups are as identified in the text, and their use as medicines, particularly as anti-diabetes, serum glucose-lowering and anti-obesity agents. They are useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, and its complications, syndrome X, the various forms of insulin resistance, and hyperlipidaemias, as well as for the treatment of obesity.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing (meth)acrylic acid including an absorption step of bringing a (meth)acrylic acid-containing gas obtained by a gas phase catalytic oxidation method into an absorption tower and allowing the gas to contact with an absorbent, in which absorption step a crude (meth)acrylic acid solution is withdrawn from a withdrawal outlet positioned between a supply point for the (meth)acrylic acid-containing gas and a supply point for the absorbent on the absorption tower, and then supplied to a next step. The process for producing (meth)acrylic acid makes it possible to suppress the formation of Michael adducts, thereby obtaining a (meth)acrylic acid containing solution in high yield and in high concentration.

Abstract: A process for the liquid phase carbonylation of an alcohol and/or a reactive derivative thereof in the presence of hydrogen in which there is employed a catalyst comprising rhodium of iridium coordinated with a polydentate ligand.

Abstract: A process for forming an aryl-aryl bond comprises the step of reacting an arene hydrocarbon compound with either (1) an organic oxidant selected from the group consisting of a quinone, a quinone imine, a quinone diimine, and a nitroarene, or (2) an oxidizing salt selected from the group consisting of a triarylaminium salt, an oxonium salt, and a nitrosium salt, or (3) a hypervalent iodine compound, each in the presence of a Brönsted or Lewis acid.

Abstract: The invention provides novel (2S)-2-ethylphenylpropanoic acid derivatives that bind to the receptor as ligands of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ? to activate and exhibit lipid-lowering effect, inhibitory effect on the arteriosclerosis, antiobesity effect, blood glucose-lowering effect, etc., their addition salts, and their medicinal compositions. (2S)-2-Ethylphenylpropanoic acid derivatives represented by a general formula (1) [wherein R1 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, R2 denotes a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, and, when R2 denotes a hydrogen atom, R3 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group and, when R2 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, R3 denotes a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group], and their addition salts.

Abstract: A process for preparing fluorochemical monoisocyanates comprises reacting at least one fluorochemical alcohol represented by the formula CnF2n+1SO2NCH3(CH2)mOH, wherein n=2 to 5, and m=2 to 4, with 4,4?-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) in a solvent in which the resulting fluorochemical monoisocyanate is not soluble; wherein the molar ratio of fluorochemical alcohol:MDI is from about 1:1 to about 1:2.5.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optimized process and apparatus for more efficiently and economically carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound. Such liquid-phase oxidation is carried out in a bubble column reactor that provides for a highly efficient reaction at relatively low temperatures. When the oxidized compound is para-xylene and the product from the oxidation reaction is crude terephthalic acid (CTA), such CTA product can be purified and separated by more economical techniques than could be employed if the CTA were formed by a conventional high-temperature oxidation process.

Abstract: A single-step process is disclosed for the ring alkylation of at least one N-alkyl-N?-phenyl-phenylenediamine with at least one olefin wherein the process comprises heating a mixture of the N-alkyl-N?-phenyl-phenylenediamine(s) and olefin(s) in the presence of a catalytic amount of at least one alkyl aluminum halide at a temperature of from about 50 to about 350° C. in a sealed vessel for from about one to about 30 hours.

Abstract: An ultraviolet ray protection agent including a compound having an ultraviolet ray protection effect as an active ingredient. The compound is expressed by general formula I?: wherein X represents NH or O; Y? represents a vinyl group substituted by a methyl group or a phenyl group, or a phenyl group substituted by a methoxy group or a fluorine atom, or a naphthyl group; and Z represents a phenyl group substituted by a methyl group, a carboxyl group or a nitro group, or a naphthyl group. The compound represented by the general formula I? includes both novel compounds of the present invention and known compounds. The ultraviolet ray protection agent of the present invention offers outstanding ultraviolet ray protection effectiveness and is very safe.

Abstract: Alkenes, unsaturated saturated carboxylic acids, saturated carboxylic acids and their higher analogues are prepared cumulatively from corresponding alkanes utilizing using a multi-staged catalyst system and a multi-stage process which comprises steam cracking of alkanes to corresponding alkenes at flame temperatures and at short contact times in combination with one or more oxidation catalysts for catalytically converting the corresponding alkenes to further corresponding oxygenated products using short contact time reactor conditions.

Abstract: An optically active compound having an unsaturated bond at an optically active binding site, wherein the unsaturated bond and a fluorescent substituent or a substituent capable of imparting fluorescence are united in a conjugated manner; and a chiral sensor comprising the optically active compound as defined above. The chiral sensor can highly selectively recognize a specified chiral compound in high sensitivity.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to obtain a highly pure alcohol by reducing the aldehyde concentration in the product alcohol efficiently and inexpensively. The invention relates to a process for producing an alcohol including hydrogenating an aldehyde and subjecting the resultant product to distillation/purification, wherein a total amount of oxygen introduced into the distillation/purification step is 0.0034 mol/s or less of oxygen per 1 kg/s of the product alcohol.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optimized process and apparatus for more efficiently and economically carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound. Such liquid-phase oxidation is carried out in a bubble column reactor that provides for a highly efficient reaction at relatively low temperatures. When the oxidized compound is para-xylene and the product from the oxidation reaction is crude terephthalic acid (CTA), such CTA product can be purified and separated by more economical techniques than could be employed if the CTA were formed by a conventional high-temperature oxidation process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reduced coenzyme Q10 crystal with excellent stability and a composition containing said reduced coenzyme Q10 crystals. According to the present invention, after dissolving reduced coenzyme Q10 in a fat and oil, it is cooled, making it possible to obtain reduced coenzyme Q10 crystals with excellent stability and which exhibit an x-ray diffraction pattern (using a CuK? emission line) that differs from ordinary reduced coenzyme Q10 crystals. Moreover, said crystals are also excellent in bioabsorbability.