Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising an ester anesthetic and a cholinesterase inhibitor have been found to exhibit surprising and beneficial results in achieving a long-acting nerve block for example when administered to an interfascial plane or a peri-neural location in a subject. Such pharmaceutical compositions may also contain an amide anesthetic. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using such compositions as described herein provide a surprising and unexpected duration of pain control and a reduced need for the use of narcotics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition for preventing bearing loss in subject or for at least partially restoring bearing in a subject having a reduced auditory function. The composition comprises at least one sterol compound inducing neuron differentiation. Said composition is placed in contact with at least part of the cochlea.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide an eye drop for treating macular edema. The present invention provides an eye drop for treating macular edema, which contains difluprednate as an active ingredient. The eye drop can afford effects such as improvement of visual acuity and decreased foveal retinal thickness in macular edema.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antimicrobial composition for uracil non-secretory (URA?) bacteria, comprising uracil, uracil precursors, uracil analogs, or uracil-secreting opportunistic pathogens as an active ingredient; and a composition for preventing cell damage caused by uracil-secretory (URA+) bacteria, comprising ROS scavengers as an active ingredient. The present invention also relates to food or feed for antimicrobial activity and preventing cell damage, comprising said composition; a method for controlling dual oxidase (DUOX) activation, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), or the level thereof; a method for producing cells, wherein DUOX activation, the generation of ROS, or the level thereof are controlled; and a method for providing information on gut pathogenicity in isolated bacteria. The composition of the present invention has effects for preventing symptoms caused by bacteria according to a mechanism which has been unknown in the art.

Abstract: A series of substituted 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzimidazole derivatives, being potent modulators of human TNF? activity, are accordingly of benefit in the treatment and/or prevention of various human ailments, including autoimmune and inflammatory disorders; neurological and neurodegenerative disorders; pain and nociceptive disorders; cardiovascular disorders; metabolic disorders; ocular disorders; and oncological disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and devices which include an osmolytic agent, in particular a betaine or carnitine compound, for reducing ocular discomfort associated with various diseases or conditions, in particular diseases or conditions associated with high tear film tonicity. The invention also relates to methods of treating or preventing various diseases or conditions using compositions and devices of the invention.

Abstract: Provided herein is an ophthalmic composition. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic composition includes a low concentration of an ophthalmic agent for treatment of an ophthalmic disorder or condition; and an ophthalmically acceptable carrier, wherein the ophthalmic agent is distributed with substantial uniformity throughout the ophthalmically acceptable carrier. Further disclosed herein include an ophthalmic composition including a low concentration of an ophthalmic agent and deuterated water. Also disclosed herein are methods of arresting or preventing myopia development by administering to an eye of an individual in need thereof an effective amount of an ophthalmic composition as described herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for direct systemic introduction, are also known as DSI pharmaceutical compositions, for used as human veterinary pharmaceutical compositions. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for direct system introduction comprising bovine gelatin, mannitol, an optional surfactant, an optional flavorant, and an active pharmaceutical ingredient. A DSI pharmaceutical composition of the invention has a disintegration time of 7 seconds or less in deionized water maintained at 37.0° C.±0.5° C. The invention also relates to a method of delivering an active pharmaceutical ingredient to an animal comprising the step of placing a DSI pharmaceutical composition of the invention into a mucosal cavity of an animal to be treated with the active pharmaceutical ingredient and to the corresponding methods of treatment.

Abstract: A method of treating a skin disorder (e.g., an inflammatory or neoplastic skin disorder) in a subject in need thereof is carried out by administering (e.g., topically administering) the subject an active agent in a treatment effective amount. The active agent may be a compound of Formula I: wherein: each R is independently selected substituted or unsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; each A is an independently selected hydrogen, an electron-withdrawing group, or electron donating group; M is a metal; and Z? is a counterion; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a combination of a lipid cake mixture comprising one or more phospholipids, with or without cholesterol, and a steroid solution comprising an ocular steroid, derivative thereof a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a prodrug thereof, wherein the total amount of the phospholipid in the said composition is about 0.1 umol to less than about 2.5 umol per 50 ul of pharmaceutical composition and the side effects of the ocular steroid are reduced. The pharmaceutical composition is preferably administered by ocular route to treat ophthalmic diseases.

Abstract: The invention relates to specific ketones of formula (I) which act as photolabile pro-fragrances. The invention also relates to detergents or cleaning agents, cosmetic agents and air fresheners including such ketones. The invention further relates to a method for creating a long-lasting fragrance on surfaces and also to a method for creating a long-lasting fragrance in a room using the aforementioned ketones.

Abstract: New compositions for and methods of treating ocular hypertension provide for effective treatment of ocular hypertension often using reduced concentrations of active components. Such compositions include a timolol component and a hypotensive lipid component. The present compositions and methods are relatively straightforward, can be easily produced, for example, using conventional manufacturing techniques, and can be easily and conveniently practiced, for example, using application or administration techniques or methodologies which are substantially similar to those employed with prior compositions used to treat ocular hypertension.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical formulations comprising clevidipine and an antimicrobial agent exhibit a reduced propensity for microbial growth and provide increased convenience to health care workers administering clevidipine-containing formulations to patients.

Abstract: Here provided is a method for regulating retinal endothelial cell viability in a mammal by administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a quinic acid analog. The method may be applied to prevent, treat or cure pathological conditions of retinal endothelial cells associated with radiation retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy and chemotherapy for retinoblastoma.

Abstract: Several embodiments disclosed herein relate to formulations having antimicrobial and/or sanitizing effects, and uses of the same. In particular, the formulations and methods of using same provide, in several embodiments, an immediate and a persistent antimicrobial effect against a broad spectrum of microorganisms.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for the treatment of intraocular neovascularization and/or leakage including wet age-related macular degeneration. The compositions preferably use tyrosine kinase inhibitors with an IC50 for VEGFR2 of 20 nanomolars or less and an IC50 for c-MET of 20 nanomolars or less.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compositions, methods and devices for treating, reducing or preventing one or more eye disorders, particularly dry eye disorders, in a subject by administering an amount of one or more fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters therapeutically effective to inhibit lipase activity while permitting bacterial growth or without substantially altering the dynamic microbial community of the eye. Typically, the fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters are C8 to C16 fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters.

Abstract: A composition and method are disclosed for optimizing sperm survival and function for couples suffering from male infertility by stimulating and increasing the female sexual partner's vaginal lubrication. An increased amount of vaginal transudate is produced in the female by the topical vulval application of a composition containing menthol or a related cooling compound. The resulting increased amount of vaginal transudate can support the function and viability of the spermatozoa in the hostile vaginal environment and ultimately in the cervical mucus to both capacitate sperm in vivo and to provide a medium for gradient sperm differentiation in the vagina and cervix. The inventive composition and method provides a means to compensate for male infertility caused by abnormal semen quality in order for a couple to successfully achieve conception.

Abstract: The present invention provides stable liquid or semi-solid pharmaceutical compositions of apomorphine, more particularly composition comprising apomorphine and an organic acid, which are useful in treatment of neurological or movement diseases or disorders, e.g., Parkinson's disease, or conditions associated therewith.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a delivery composition for administering a hydrophobic active agent. In one embodiment, a delivery composition for local administration of a hydrophobic active agent to a tissue or organ of a patient is disclosed. In one embodiment, the delivery composition includes a cationic delivery agent, a therapeutically effective amount of a hydrophobic active agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous carrier. In one embodiment, the cationic delivery agent includes polyethyleneimine (PEI). In a more specific embodiment, the cationic delivery agent includes branched PEI. Methods of making the delivery composition, as well as kits and methods of use are also disclosed.