Abstract: A method for subjecting garment accessories to a surface electrolytic treatment provides various metallic colors to metallic garment accessories in a cost effective manner. The method can provide a first metallic color on one side of outer surface of the garment accessory and provide a second metallic color on the other side of the outer surface, by placing one or more metallic garment accessories in an electrolytic solution in a non-contact state with an anode and a cathode for passing electric current through the electrolytic solution, passing electric current through the electrolytic solution and generating a bipolar phenomenon on the garment accessory.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nonferrous metallurgy, in particular to the electrolytic production of aluminum, more particularly to a structure of a cathode assembly of a reduction cell for production of aluminum. A lining of a cathode assembly of an aluminum reduction cell is provided which comprises a thermal insulation layer and a fire-resistant layer consisting of no less than two sub-layers, wherein the porosity of the thermal insulation layer and the fire-resistant layer increases from an upper sub-layer to a bottom sub-layer and the thickness ratio of the fire-resistant layer and the thermal insulation layer is no less than ?. Also, the present invention provides a method for lining a cathode assembly of a reduction cell and a reduction cell having the claimed cathode assembly lining.

Abstract: According to a first aspect, the invention relates to a device (10) for electrochemically releasing a composition and comprising: one working electrode (30) comprising an electroactive conjugated polymer (40) containing or doped with said composition, a counter electrode (50), and a reference electrode (60). The device (10) is characterized in that it comprises electrical means (95, 100; 320; 165, 180) connected to the working electrode (30) and to the counter electrode (50) for obtaining at said working electrode (30) at least one composition releasing sequence (65) with respect to said reference electrode (60), each composition releasing sequence (65) comprising: a first voltametric pulse (70), followed by a rest period (80) during which no current is able to flow through said working electrode (30), followed by a second voltametric pulse (90), followed by an intermediate period (160) during which no current is able to flow through said working electrode (30).

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods for preparing lithium hydroxide.

Abstract: A method for subjecting garment accessories to a surface electrolytic treatment provides various metallic colors to metallic garment accessories in a cost effective manner. The method can provide a first metallic color on one side of outer surface of the garment accessory and provide a second metallic color on the other side of the outer surface, by placing one or more metallic garment accessories in an electrolytic solution in a non-contact state with an anode and a cathode for passing electric current through the electrolytic solution, passing electric current through the electrolytic solution and generating a bipolar phenomenon on the garment accessory.

Abstract: A process for preparing lead by electroreduction with ammonium sulfate and ammonia is provided. In the process, an ammonium sulfate aqueous solution is used as an electrolyte, a lead compound is used as a raw material, titanium is used as an anode, stainless steel or lead is used as a cathode, and a direct-current electric field is applied in an electrolytic bath; the lead compound is reduced to metal lead after obtaining electrons at the cathode; and at the anode, ammonia is oxidized to nitrogen for escaping, and H+ ions are generated simultaneously; sulfate radical ions and chloride ions in the lead compound enter the solution and react with the ammonia water to form ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride; and the lead monoxide and lead dioxide in the lead compound are reduced to a metal lead and OH? ions are released to combine with the H+ ions to form water.

Abstract: The invention relates to an EWS module device for electro-winning and/or electro-refining, based on a saturated leaching solution of PLS/electrolyte/raffmate/ILS without solvent extraction, characterised by comprising: a tank (10 and 12); a set of electrolytic cells contained within the tank, wherein the cells are electrically and volumetrically separated by the internal walls of the module (14), with the cells being connected in series by a joining board or capping board (3); an intercellular bar (1); an intercellular bar guide (2); inlet and outlet ducts for the PLS/electrolyte/raffinate/ILS (17) and (11) for each cell independently; and each EWS module is in turn connected to the other modules by an inter-module connector (18), and same in turn control the connection and disconnection of the EWS modules by an interrupter (25); operating process of the EWS module device; and connection and disconnection process between different EWS module devices.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method of forming a metal matrix composite including introducing a plurality of nanoparticles into a flow of metal material, and mixing of at least a partial portion of the flow of metal material with at least some of the plurality of nanoparticles to form a mixture of the metal material and at least some of the nanoparticles. The method further includes forming a metal matrix composite from the mixture, where the metal matrix composite includes a bulk region and an outer surface including a plurality of hydrophobic regions dispersed within a hydrophilic surface region. Further, the plurality of hydrophobic regions is formed or derived from the plurality of nanoparticles, and the hydrophobic regions have a first diameter, and an average spacing between the hydrophobic regions is a second diameter, where the first and second diameters are about 100 nm to 400 nm.

Abstract: Electroplating apparatus agitates electrolyte to provide high velocity fluid flows at the surface of a wafer. The apparatus includes a paddle which provides uniform high mass transfer over the entire wafer, even with a relatively large gap between the paddle and the wafer. Consequently, the processor may have an electric field shield positioned between the paddle and the wafer for effective shielding at the edges of the wafer. The influence of the paddle on the electric field across the wafer is reduced as the paddle is spaced relatively farther from the wafer.

Abstract: An electrolyzing system is provided for producing higher quantities of electrolyzed waters within prescribed pH ranges for optimum usage and which can be operated for producing greater quantities of alkaline electrolyzed water than acidic electrolyzed water consistent with a users requirements. The system includes an electrolytic cartridge having cathode and anode cells each comprising a pair of electrodes disposed in laterally spaced coplanar relation to each other, with a respective ion permeable membrane in spaced relation to the pairs of electrodes. The cells are separated with a common separator plate that maintains the ion permeable membranes in parallel relation with the respective electrodes and which facilitates the communication of brine solution from a brine bath to both cells. The cells further can be operate with staggered input currents and the redirection of electrolyzed water between the cells for optimum control of pH levels of the resulting products.

Abstract: An electroplating apparatus has a vessel for holding electrolyte. A head has a rotor including a contact ring for holding a wafer having a notch. The contact ring includes a perimeter voltage ring having perimeter contact fingers for contacting the wafer around the perimeter of the wafer, except at the notch. The contact ring also has a notch contact segment having one or more notch contact fingers for contacting the wafer at the notch. The perimeter voltage ring is insulated from the notch contact segment. A negative voltage source is connected to the perimeter voltage ring, and a positive voltage source connected to the notch contact segment. The positive voltage applied at the notch reduces the current crowding effect at the notch. The wafer is plated with a film having more uniform thickness.

Abstract: Described herein is a process for the reduction of carbon dioxide comprising: providing an electrochemical device comprising an anode, a cathode, and a polymeric anion exchange membrane therebetween, wherein the polymeric anion exchange membrane comprises an anion exchange polymer, wherein the anion exchange polymer comprises at least one positively charged group selected from a guanidinium, a guanidinium derivative, an N-alkyl conjugated heterocyclic cation, or combinations thereof; introducing a composition comprising carbon dioxide to the cathode; and applying electrical energy to the electrochemical device to effect electrochemical reduction of the carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A process for preparing lead by electroreduction with an ammonium chloride and an ammonia is disclosed. In the process, an ammonium chloride aqueous solution is used as an electrolyte, a lead compound is used as a raw material, titanium is used as an anode, stainless steel or lead is used as a cathode, and a direct-current electric field is applied in an electrolytic bath; the lead compound is reduced to metal lead after obtaining electrons at the cathode; and at the anode, ammonia is oxidized to nitrogen for escaping, and H+ ions are generated simultaneously; sulfate radical ions and chloride ions in the lead compound enter the solution to form ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride; and the lead monoxide and lead dioxide in the lead compound are reduced to a metal lead and OH? ions are simultaneously released to combine with the H+ ions to form water.

Abstract: The present description relates to a process for producing magnesium metal from magnesium-bearing ores using serpentine. The process described herein consists generally in a mineral preparation and classification followed by leaching with dilute hydrochloric acid. The slurry is filtered and the non-leached portion, containing amorphous silica is recovered. The residual solution is neutralized and purified by chemical precipitation with non activated and activated serpentine. The nickel is also recovered by precipitation at higher pH. A final neutralisation and purification step of magnesium chloride solution by precipitation allows eliminating any traces of residual impurities. The purified magnesium chloride solution is evaporated until saturation and the MgCl2.6H2O is recovered by crystallization in an acid media. The salt is dehydrated and subsequent electrolysis of anhydrous magnesium chloride produces pure magnesium metal and hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction device includes: a first electrolytic solution tank having a first storage part and a second storage part; a second electrolytic solution tank having a third storage part and a fourth storage part; a first reduction electrode layer immersed in a first electrolytic solution; a first oxidation electrode layer immersed in a second electrolytic solution; a first generator electrically connected to the first reduction electrode and the first oxidation electrode layer; a second reduction electrode layer immersed in a third electrolytic solution; a second oxidation electrode layer immersed in a fourth electrolytic solution; a second generator electrically connected to the second reduction electrode and the second oxidation electrode layer; and at least one flow path out of a first flow path connecting the first storage part and the fourth storage part and a second flow path connecting the second storage part and the third storage part.

Abstract: Provided is a method for efficiently separating and recovering tungsten and other valuable(s) from at least one valuable containing tungsten. The present invention relates to a method for recovering at least one valuable containing tungsten, comprising subjecting a raw material mixture comprising at least one valuable containing tungsten to electrolysis using an electrolytic solution containing at least one alcohol amine to dissolve tungsten in the electrolytic solution, electrodeposit a part of the valuable(s) onto a cathode used for the electrolysis and separate at least one valuable other than the valuable(s) electrodeposited onto the cathode as a residue in the electrolytic solution, and then separating and recovering each of the residue and the valuable(s) electrodeposited onto the cathode.

Abstract: A moisture-electrolyzing apparatus for a lamp, may include a first electrode, connected to an electrode of a power source and exposed to an internal space of a lamp housing; a second electrode, connected to another electrode of the power source and exposed to the internal space of the lamp housing, with a gap formed between the first electrode and the second electrode; a dielectric, applied to a surface of either the first electrode or the second electrode, the surface facing a remaining one of the first electrode or the second electrode; and an electric discharge passage, formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, in which air in the lamp circulates and in which moisture in the air is electrolyzed by electric discharge occurring between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction device comprises: an anode to oxidize water and thus generate oxygen; an electrolytic solution flow path facing on the anode and through which a first electrolytic solution containing the water flows; a a cathode to reduce carbon dioxide and thus generate a carbon compound; a separator between the anode and the cathode; a power supply connected to the anode and the cathode; and a flow path plate including a first flow path facing on the cathode and through which the carbon dioxide flows and a second flow path facing on the cathode and through which at least one of a second electrolytic solution and the carbon dioxide flows.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for producing carbon monoxide (CO) from carbon dioxide (CO2) in a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) or SOEC stack, wherein CO2 is led to the fuel side of the stack with an applied current and excess oxygen is transported to the oxygen side of the stack, optionally using air or nitrogen to flush the oxygen side, and wherein the product stream from the SOEC, containing CO mixed with CO2, is subjected to a separation process. The process further comprises heating the inlet gas on both the fuel side and the oxygen side by means of separate heating units, so as to supply heat to the SOEC, where the operation temperature of said heating units is at least equal to the operation temperature of the cell stack minus 50° C., preferably at least equal to the operation temperature of the cell stack.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolysis module including: an electrolysis unit module including a plurality of pipe-type electrolysis cells connected in series with each other; a molding case surrounding the periphery of the electrolysis unit module to protect the electrolysis module; a cell guide member installed in the molding case to support the electrolysis unit module; a power cable having a first end connected to the electrolysis unit module and a second end extending to an outside through the molding case; and a resin layer formed by filling the inside of the molding case to cover the outer surface of the electrolysis unit module disposed in the molding case.