Abstract: Asymmetric electrochemical cell apparatus, and methods of operating such apparatus to produce electrolyzed water.

Abstract: A product container is provided. The product container includes a first product and an electrochemistry device configured to convert a portion of the first product into a second product, which is an unstable formulation.

Abstract: An exemplary distribution system, apparatus and method can be provide for chemical and/or electrolytic surface treatment of a substrate in a process fluid. The distribution system can comprise a distribution body and a control unit. The distribution body can be configured to direct a flow of the process fluid and/or an electrical current to the substrate. The distribution body can comprise at least a first distribution element and a second distribution element. The control unit/device can be configured to control the first distribution element and the second distribution element separately from one another.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide reduction apparatus comprises a first electrochemical compartment provided with a first electrode, a second electrochemical compartment provided with a second electrode, an ion conducting membrane which demarcates the first electrochemical compartment from the second electrochemical compartment, and a first connecting path which connects the first electrochemical compartment with the second electrochemical compartment. The first electrode contains a first catalyst which catalyzes a reduction of carbon dioxide to a reduced product, and the second electrode contains a second catalyst which catalyzes a reaction between the reduced product and a reactant. The first connecting path is a connecting path which allows the reduced product in the first electrochemical compartment to flow out to the second electrochemical compartment.

Abstract: A device for the electrochemical production of a product containing CO, and a method for the electrochemical production of a product containing CO, in which a return of a material stream containing the educt and CO is carried out after the electrochemical production.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for carbon dioxide of an embodiment includes: an anode part including an anode to oxidize water or a hydroxide ion and thus produce oxygen and an anode solution flow path to supply an anode solution to the anode; a cathode part including a cathode to reduce carbon dioxide and thus produce a carbon compound, a cathode solution flow path to supply a cathode solution to the cathode, and a liquid passing member disposed between the cathode and the cathode solution flow path and having a pore allowing the cathode solution to pass through while holding the cathode solution; and a separator to separate the anode part and the cathode part from each other.

Abstract: A method for making an aqueous hypochlorous acid (HClO) solution includes electrolyzing a solution of sodium chloride to produce a solution of sodium hypochlorite; and producing the aqueous hypochlorous acid solution by adjusting a pH of the solution of sodium hypochlorite to a value within a range of 3 to 8 by adding a selected weak acid to the solution of sodium hypochlorite to produce a buffer including the selected weak acid and a salt of the selected weak acid.

Abstract: Provided are a photocatalyst electrode, an artificial photosynthesis module, and an artificial photosynthesis device that have low electrical resistance, even in a case where the area is increased, in a case where a transparent conductive layer is used. The photocatalyst electrode is a photocatalyst electrode that has a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a photocatalyst layer, and a linear metal electrical conductor, and splits water with light to produce a gas. The substrate, the transparent conductive layer, and the photocatalyst layer are laminated in this order, and the linear metal electrical conductor is in contact with the transparent conductive layer. The artificial photosynthesis module has the oxygen evolution electrode that splits the water with the light to produce oxygen, and a hydrogen evolution electrode that splits the water with the light to produce hydrogen.

Abstract: An environment control system utilizes oxygen and humidity control devices that are coupled with an enclosure to independently control the oxygen concentration and the humidity level within the enclosure. An oxygen depletion device may be an oxygen depletion electrolyzer cell that reacts with oxygen within the cell and produces water through electrochemical reactions. A desiccating device may be g, a dehumidification electrolyzer cell, a desiccator, a membrane desiccator or a condenser. A controller may control the amount of voltage and/or current provided to the oxygen depletion electrolyzer cell and therefore the rate of oxygen reduction and may control the amount of voltage and/or current provided to the dehumidification electrolyzer cell and therefore the rate of humidity reduction. The oxygen level may be determined by the measurement of voltage and a limiting current of the oxygen depletion electrolyzer cell. The enclosure may be a food or artifact enclosure.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an exemplary electrolytic cell includes: a cathode structure disposed within an electrolysis cell, wherein the electrolysis cell is configured to produce metal on a surface of the cathode structure, wherein the cathode structure is configured to fit along a floor of the electrolysis cell, wherein the cathode structure has a sloped surface when compared to a generally horizontal plane, and wherein via the sloped surface, the cathode structure is configured to drain a metal product from the sloped surface towards a lower end of the cathode structure.

Abstract: A liquid treatment device that achieves an effective treatment by forcibly contacting a swirl flow of a hydrogen peroxide-containing treated liquid with a liquid to be treated that has been processed to contain copper ions or iron ions includes a rod-like first electrode, a plate-like second electrode formed of a copper- or iron-containing metal, and a first treatment vessel that causes a liquid to swirl and generate a gas phase in a swirl flow of the liquid. A pulse voltage is applied to the generated gas phase to generate a plasma. The second electrode serves as an anode, and reaches inside of a supply section for a liquid to be treated. The liquid to be treated containing the generated copper ions or iron ions is forcibly brought into contact with hydrogen peroxide generated by the plasma. In this way, the Fenton's reaction effectively takes place, and the liquid treatment performance improves.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods of hydrogen generation and electrolyte regeneration as independent operations in separate redox flow cells. The operations can be decoupled by using an energy-bearing redox pair that electrochemically bears energy facilitating flexible, efficient hydrogen generation. In one example, the hydrogen generation redox flow cell can include a liquid, energy-bearing electrolyte solution in which at least one species of an energy-bearing redox pair is dissolved, to decouple the hydrogen evolution reaction from the reaction at the opposite electrode (e.g., the oxygen evolution reaction of conventional direct water electrolysis). Each species of the energy-bearing redox pair is associated with a standard electrode potential within the water electrolysis window.

Abstract: An apparatus for maintaining trivalent chromium plating bath efficiency includes an aqueous electroplating bath, which includes trivalent chromium ions and a sulfur compound, and an ultraviolet (UV) radiation source that provides UV radiation to the bath effective to inhibit a reduction in plating efficiency of the bath.

Abstract: Methods for depositing wear resistant NiW plating systems on metallic components are provided. In various embodiments, the method includes the step or process of preparing a NiW plating bath containing a particle suspension. The NiW plating bath is prepared by introducing wear resistant particles into the NiW plating path and adding at least one charged surfactant. The first type of wear resistant particles and the first charged surfactant may be contacted when introduced into the NiW plating bath or prior to introduction into the NiW plating bath. The at least one charged surfactant binds with the wear resistant particles to form a particle-surfactant complex. The wear resistant NiW plating system is then electrodeposited onto a surface of a component at least partially submerged in the NiW plating bath. The resulting wear resistant NiW plating system comprised of a NiW matrix in which the wear resistant particles are embedded.

Abstract: Lead is recovered from lead paste of a lead acid battery in a continuous process. The lead paste is contacted with a base to generate a supernatant and a precipitate. The precipitate is separated from the supernatant, and is contacted with an alkane sulfonic acid to generate a mixture of lead ion solution and insoluble lead dioxide. The lead dioxide is reduced with a reducing agent to form lead oxide, and the lead oxide is combined with the lead ion solution to form a combined lead ion solution to so allow a continuous process without lead dioxide accumulation. Lead is recovered from the combined lead ion solution using electrolysis.

Abstract: A water decomposition device may include a hydrogen-generating electrode including a first external electrode and at least one first internal electrode formed integrally with the first external electrode, and an oxygen-generating electrode including a second external electrode and at least one second internal electrode formed integrally with the second external electrode. The first external electrode and the second external electrode are disposed to face each other, and the first internal electrode and the second internal electrode are disposed alternately in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction thereof. Therefore, the water decomposition device may secure both transparency and durability even when an opaque material is used therefor.

Abstract: Electrode-supported tubular solid-oxide electrochemical cells suitable for use in electrochemical synthesis and processes for manufacturing such are provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrochemical treatment of wastewater has at least one electrolysis cell through which the wastewater to be treated is guided. The electrolysis cell has a multitude of electrode assemblies that have electrodes arranged such that the wastewater to be treated is guided through holes in the electrodes. At least one of the electrode assemblies has three electrodes arranged such that the wastewater to be treated is guided through all the electrodes.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for the management and control of electrolyte within confined electrochemical cells or groups (e.g. stacks) of connected electrochemical cells, for example, in an electrolyzer. Various embodiments of systems and methods provide for the elimination of parasitic conductive paths between cells, and/or precise passive control of fluid pressures within cells. In some embodiments, a fixed volume of electrolyte is substantially retained within each cell while efficiently collecting and removing produced gases or other products from the cell.

Abstract: An electrode set for chemical reaction includes a substrate, and electrodes for reduction and oxidation reactions alternately arranged on the same surface of the substrate.