Abstract: This disclosure provides techniques for treatment of aqueous matrices using electrolysis to produce soluble metals. An aqueous matrix of interest is passed through an electrolysis device with at least one consumable electrode, which dissolves under applied current, transferring a desired reagent to the aqueous matrix of interest. In one embodiment, the electrolysis device is used in a water delivery network to passivate hexavalent chromium (Cr6) and/or convert it to trivalent chromium; the electrode can be made of food-grade metal tin, which is electrolyzed to form a stannous reagent, which then reacts with the Cr6. The disclosed techniques provide for Cr6 passivation without requiring the use of concentrated acids or other harmful substances. Long term reagent generation efficiency can be enhanced through the use of cleaning processes which maintain a fresh electrode surface in contact with the aqueous matrix of interest.

Abstract: A novel cell for generating ozonated water, the cell comprises a nafion membrane separating a diamond coated anode, and a gold surfaced cathode enclosed within a cell housing with the catalyst side of the nafion membrane facing the cathode. The cell housing has a cathode housing portion and an anode housing portion separated by the membrane, each housing portion having ridges to enhance substantially even flow of fluid over the cathode and anode. The housing portions contain O-rings in grooves to prevent leaks, and alignment features to keep the electrodes aligned. The cathode and anode have an array of holes allowing fluid to penetrate to the surface of the niobium membrane. Input ports allow fluid to flow into the housing and over the anode and cathode and then out of the housing through outlet ports. The housing may also incorporate an integrated spectral photometer including a bubble trap.

Abstract: The method for producing an electrolytic aluminum foil of the present disclosure is a method for producing an electrolytic aluminum foil, the method including supplying an electrolytic solution in an electrolytic cell provided with a diaphragm between an anode and a cathode and depositing an aluminum foil on a surface of the cathode by electrolysis, wherein the diaphragm is made of aluminum having a purity of 85.0% or more and has a plurality of pores having an average pore diameter of 100 to 1000 ?m.

Abstract: In this disclosure, a process of recycling acid, base and the salt reagents required in the Li recovery process is introduced. A membrane electrolysis cell which incorporates an oxygen depolarized cathode is implemented to generate the required chemicals onsite. The system can utilize a portion of the salar brine or other lithium-containing brine or solid waste to generate hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and carbonate salts. Simultaneous generation of acid and base allows for taking advantage of both chemicals during the conventional Li recovery from brines and mineral rocks. The desalinated water can also be used for the washing steps on the recovery process or returned into the evaporation ponds. The method also can be used for the direct conversion of lithium salts to the high value LiOH product. The method does not produce any solid effluent which makes it easy-to-adopt for use in existing industrial Li recovery plants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high pressure process for Pre-Combustion and Post-Combustion CO2 capture (HP/MP/LP gasification) from a CO2 gas stream (CO2-Stream) by way of CO2 total subcritical condensation (CO2-CC), separation of liquid CO2, higher pressure elevation of obtained liquid CO2 via HP pump, superheating of CO2 up to high temperature for driving of a set of CO2 expander turbines for additional power generation (CO2-PG), EOR or sequestration (First new Thermodynamic Cycle). The obtained liquid CO2 above, will be pressurized at a higher pressure and blended with HP water obtaining high concentrated electrolyte, that is fed into HP low temperature electrochemical reactor (HPLTE-Syngas Generator) wherefrom the cathodic syngas and anodic oxygen will be performed. In particular the generated HP oxygen/syngas will be utilized for sequential combustion (“H2/O2-torches”) for super-efficient hydrogen based fossil power generation (Second new Thermodynamic Cycle).

Abstract: A system preferably including a carbon dioxide reactor. A method for carbon dioxide reactor control, preferably including selecting carbon dioxide reactor aspects based on a desired output composition, running a carbon dioxide reactor under controlled process conditions to produce a desired output composition, and/or altering the process conditions to alter the output composition.

Abstract: It is provided a process for recycling lithium ion batteries comprising shredding the lithium-ion batteries and immersing residues in an organic solvent; feeding the shredded batteries residues in a dryer producing a gaseous organic phase and dried batteries residues; feeding the dried batteries residues to a magnetic separator removing magnetic particles; grinding the non-magnetic batteries residues; mixing the fine particles and an acid producing a metal oxides slurry and leaching said metal oxides slurry; filtering the leachate removing the non-leachable metals; feeding the leachate into a sulfide precipitation tank; neutralizing the leachate; mixing the leachate with an organic extraction solvent; separating cobalt and manganese from the leachate using solvent extraction and electrolysis; crystallizing sodium sulfate from the aqueous phase; adding sodium carbonate to the liquor and heating up the sodium carbonate and the liquor producing a precipitate of lithium carbonate; and drying and recuperating the

Abstract: The invented bio-electrical system is a housing-electrode which allows insertion of another electrode for various electrochemical and bio-electrical applications. Together with other invented elements as well as standard components, the system is fully scalable, modular, and allows production and collection of gases under pressure. It can be built in many shapes, such as the embodied tubular shape. The design allows operation on unstable ground, for example on ships. Flow of electrolyte can be regulated and directed in cascaded reactions by opening and closing the compartments of the outer or the inner electrodes using the provided electrode holders. The redox conditions inside the system can be controlled using off-the-shelf power supplies which are controlled using the provided algorithm. Gas collection can be regulated based on the level of liquid inside the system using the provided float switches or conductivity probes even as the system is moving or operated under zero-gravity conditions.

Abstract: A device for generating hydrogen gas, treated water, and metal-containing nanoparticles. The device includes a vessel containing an electrolyte solution having a preferably iron anode and a preferably copper cathode. A renewable energy source is connected to the anode and the cathode. A valve for disbursing the hydrogen is connected to the hydrogen chamber.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for electrolytic reduction of feedstock elements, made from feedstock, in a melt. In addition, the present invention relates to an apparatus for electrolytic reduction of feedstock elements, made from feedstock, and can be used for the reduction of oxides of metals belonging to Groups 3-14 of the Periodic Table. The method is implemented using the apparatus that, according to the invention, comprises an electrolyzer bath; an electrolytic cell; an electrolyzer bath insert plate; a cover with evolved gas outlets. Moreover, the electrolytic cell contains at least one cathode chamber and two anode plates, which are vertically arranged relative to each other, at least one current source, independently connected to the cathode chamber and one or two anode plates, and a device for horizontal reciprocating movement of the said electrolytic cell, which is found outside of the electrolyzer cover.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of recovering Pt or Ag or Pt and Ag from a sulfate solution on an electrode. In particular, the invention concerns a method for recovering Pt or Ag or Pt and Ag from base metal bearing process solution, particularly from a hydrometallurgical sacrificial metal bearing solution containing Zn and/or Ni. In general, the method of the present invention can be used for recovery of precious metals, which are dissolvable in sulfuric acid, from sulfate media based solutions. In addition to Pt and Ag, especially Pd should be mentioned. Deposited precious metal(s) can be recovered from the electrode or the deposition containing electrode can be used as such.

Abstract: New dual temperature electrochemical methods and systems for the production of sodium metal from sodium polysulfides have been discovered. The technology provides high conductivity for sodium ions and extended service life for the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A method and electrolysis cell for producing lithium metal at a low temperature. The method includes combining (i) acetonitrile and (ii) a cation bis(trihaloalkylsulfonyl)imide, cation bis(trihalosulfonyl)imidic acid, a cation bis(trihaloalkylsulfonyl)amide, or cation bis(trihaloalkylsulfonyl)amidic acid in a weight ratio of (i) to (ii) about 100:1 to about 5:1 to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte composition. A lithium compound selected from the group consisting of LiOH, Li2O and Li2CO3 is dissolved in the electrolyte composition to provide a lithium doped electrolyte composition. Power is applied to the electrolyte composition to form lithium metal on a cathode of an electrolysis cell. The lithium metal separated from the cathode has a purity of at least about 95 wt. %.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing metallic titanium by anode-electrolysis of carbonized/sulfurized ilmenite, and relates to the technical field of mineral processing and electrochemical extraction of metallic titanium in molten salts in non-ferrous metallurgy. The method uses titanium-containing ore, carbon (C) and sulfur (S) as raw materials and prepares a Ti—C—S/titanium sulfide anode material with high electric conductivity through a sintering reaction, and then uses the Ti—C—S/titanium sulfide anode to prepare metallic titanium in a molten salt electrolyte system successfully. With the Ti—C—S composite soluble anode in the present invention, metallic titanium is deposited at the cathode and CS2/S2 gas is generated at the anode in the molten salt electrolysis process; in addition, the gas can be used as a raw material to effectively treat the ore to prepare titanium sulfide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a material for establishing a cathode barrier layer in electrolysis cells for production of aluminum of Hall-Heroult type, the barrier layer can comprise minerals combined with a compound that lowers the melting temperature of the minerals, such as fluorides.

Abstract: A method and electrolysis cell for producing lithium metal at a low temperature. The method includes combining (i) phenyl trihaloalkyl sulfone and (ii) an inorganic cation bis(perhaloalkylsulfonyl)imide, an inorganic cation bis(halosulfonyl)imide, an inorganic cation bis(perhaloalkylsulfonyl)imidic acid, or an inorganic cation bis(halosulfonyl)imidic acid in a weight ratio of (i) to (ii) about 10:90 to about 60:40 to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte composition. A lithium compound selected from the group consisting of LiOH, Li2O and Li2CO3 is dissolved in the electrolyte composition to provide a soluble lithium doped electrolyte composition. Power is applied to the electrolyte composition to form lithium metal on a cathode of an electrolysis cell. The lithium metal is separated from the cathode has a purity of at least about 95 wt. %.

Abstract: A catalytic system for CO2 capture and sequestration. The system includes a reduction cell for separating a carrier medium having an anode generating oxygen, a cathode generating hydrogen, and a CO precursor from the carrier medium. In addition, the system includes a power supply for providing electrical power to the anode and the cathode. An electrolysis process occurs where oxygen, hydrogen, CO precursors are produced. The anode and the cathode include a plurality of geometrical constructs to increase an active surface area of a catalytic surface of the anode and cathode to increase an efficiency of the electrolysis process. The geometrical constructs may include vias and pillars. In one embodiment, a capillary action is produced for CO2 sequestration across the catalytic surface having a plurality of vias.

Abstract: This invention describes a novel recovery method of ammonia through the electrocoagulation process, which may be applied in the industrial as well as the environmental sectors. The present invention has a significant impact not only on recovering the ammonia content from the Solvay effluent, but also for recovering the ammonia from landfill leachate and different sources of wastewater where high concentrations of ammonia can be found. This invention has economic benefits in recovering ammonia and reducing the required energy in such processes. Another impact is the environmental one, where ammonia can cause problems such as toxicity to the organisms living in the soil or water bodies, and could also decrease the concentration of the dissolved oxygen.

Abstract: An apparatus for capturing CO2 from flue gas includes (a) an absorber, (b) a stripper, (c) a heat exchanger, (d) an amine absorbent circulating through the absorber, the stripper and the heat exchanger, (e) a water washing unit downstream from the flue gas outlet of the absorber, and (f) an electrochemical cell. The electrochemical cell is connected to the water washing unit and is adapted to adsorb and decompose nitrosamine compounds present in liquid separated by the water washing unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical device for releasing ions, comprising an electrical circuit comprising a first electrode and a second electrode adapted for providing a galvanic cell when the electrodes are exposed to a fluid constituting an electrolyte, and a boost converter adapted for amplifying a potential generated between the first and the second electrode. The electrical circuit further comprises a third electrode connected with an output side of the boost converter, wherein the second and the third electrode constitutes an electrolytic cell powered by the galvanic cell when the electrodes are exposed to a fluid. The present invention further relates to devices, such as a toothbrush or a shaver, adapted for being used in connection with a fluid, comprising such electrochemical device for releasing ions.