Abstract: The present invention provides ink-jet inks for ink-jet printing, comprising from 0.1% to 5% by weight of at least one dye; from 8% to 20% by weight of a diol selected from the group consisting of 1,2-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, and combinations thereof; from 0.1% to 5% by weight of an aliphatic alcohol or aliphatic alcohol mixture; and from 0.1% to 1.5% by weight of at least one component independently selected from the group consisting of buffers, biocides, and metal chelators, with the proviso that no surfactant is present in the inkjet ink composition. The ink-jet inks formulated according to the present invention provide good dot size, color-to-color bleed alleviation, improved coalescence, less chia, and improved print head materials compatibility.

Abstract: A process for the production of methyl dithiocarbazinate includes the steps of providing a mixture comprising hydrazine, solvent, carbon disulfide and base; adding methyl bromide to the mixture; cooling the reaction mixture; and recovering methyl dithiocarbazinate. The methyl dithiocarbazinate may be recovered by filtering the reaction mixture to yield a solid methyl dithiocarbazinate retentate and a liquid filtrate; acidifying the filterate with a mineral acid; and adding methyl isobutylketone to the acidified filterate.

Abstract: Ink-jet ink compositions are described comprising at least one organo-phosphonic acid or its sodium or potassium salt. The ink-jet ink compositions reduce puddling, scale formation, kogation and corrosion, and as such lead to improved print quality.

Abstract: An inkjet ink is provided that has a greater organic content than prior art inks. However, it is not simply enough to increase the organic content; other factors must be considered as well. These include controlling viscosity and surface tension, as well as maintaining acceptable drytime. An inkjet ink composition that evidences reduced outgassing and reduces paper cockle and curl comprises about 25 to 50 wt % of one or more organic co-solvents, has a viscosity of 10 cp or less, and has a surface tension of 40 dyne/cm or less. Advantageously, using a higher solvent ink reduces cockle and curl. Cockle and curl are also reduced as the water content of the ink is reduced. The present invention uses the higher solvent inks in combination with underprinting. In underprinting, a fixer solution is first “printed” on the print medium, followed by printing the inkjet ink thereon. There is a synergism to this combination. Together, weaknesses of both approaches are addressed.

Abstract: An inkjet ink is provided that has a greater organic content than prior art inks. However, it is not simply enough to increase the organic content; other factors must be considered as well. These include controlling viscosity and surface tension, as well as maintaining acceptable drytime. An inkjet ink composition that evidences reduced outgassing and reduces paper cockle and curl comprises about 25 to 50 wt % of one or more organic co-solvents, has a viscosity of 10 cp or less, and has a surface tension of 40 dyne/cm or less. Advantageously, using a higher solvent ink reduces cockle and curl. Cockle and curl are also reduced as the water content of the ink is reduced. The present invention uses the higher solvent inks in combination with underprinting. In underprinting, a fixer solution is first “printed” on the print medium, followed by printing the inkjet ink thereon. There is a synergism to this combination. Together, weaknesses of both approaches are addressed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for making sulfoxides from sulfides. The process includes the step of selectively oxidizing a sulfide utilizing a perborate or a percarbonate as an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transferring data between bus agents in a computer system. The present invention includes transmitting a control signal, from a first agent to a second agent, via a first transfer protocol; and, transmitting data corresponding to the control signal, from the first agent to the second agent, via a second transfer protocol. In one embodiment, the control signals are transmitted from the first agent to the second agent via a synchronous transmission with respect to a bus clock; and, the data is transmitted via an asynchronous transmission with respect to the bus clock, which has a data width greater than the synchronous transmission. In addition, in one embodiment of the present invention, the synchronous transmission is a common clock data transfer protocol, and the asynchronous transmission is a source clock data transfer protocol.

Abstract: One or more reactive color inks are printed under and over black text and graphics areas. That is to say, one or more reactive color inks are first printed in a selected area in which black text and/or graphics are to be printed, then the black text and/or graphics are printed, and finally one or more reactive color inks are then printed over the black text and/or graphics. The use of under- and over-printing of black text and/or graphics by reactive color inks improves several important characteristics of inkjet printing. Specifically, the following improvements are obtained: dry-time, finger smudge, media independence/print quality, waterfastness, strikethrough, less noticeable missing/misdirected nozzles, and no dedicated pens are required. Alternatively, either underprinting alone or overprinting alone may be used.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transferring data between bus agents in a computer system. The present invention includes transmitting a control signal, from a first agent to a second agent, via a first transfer protocol; and, transmitting data corresponding to the control signal, from the first agent to the second agent, via a second transfer protocol. In one embodiment, the control signals are transmitted from the first agent to the second agent via a synchronous transmission with respect to a bus clock; and, the data is transmitted via an asynchronous transmission with respect to the bus clock, which has a data width greater than the synchronous transmission. In addition, in one embodiment of the present invention, the synchronous transmission is a common clock data transfer protocol, and the asynchronous transmission is a source clock data transfer protocol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of thiophosphoryl chloride which is useful as an intermediate for the synthesis of insecticidally active compounds. The improvement comprises the presence in the reaction mixture of a catalytic amount of a nitroxide free radical of the following general formula: wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 represent an alkyl group.

Abstract: An ink-jet printing system is disclosed comprising a set of ink-jet inks comprising a first anionic ink comprising an aqueous vehicle, at least one first colorant, and at least one first anionic polymer; a second anionic ink comprising an aqueous vehicle; at least one second colorant, at least one second anionic polymer, and an acid additive having a pKa up to the pKa of the at least first polymer of the first ink; a third cationic ink comprising an aqueous vehicle, at least one third colorant, at least one third cationic polymer, and a pH in the range from about 2 to about 5; and a fourth anionic ink comprising an aqueous vehicle, at least one fourth anionic dye, and a precipitating agent. The printing system provides improved print quality, specifically, reduced bleed; improved edge-acuity, uniform area fills, and color quality; while maximizing lightfastness without sacrificing printing reliability.

Abstract: A black printhead is installed in a scanning carriage with at least one primary color printhead on both sides of the black printhead. To reduce the drying time of a printed black ink pattern and to achieve other benefits, a first one of the primary color inks underprints the black ink in a first scan direction, and a second one of the primary color inks underprints the black ink in an opposite second scan direction. To minimize hue shifts due to the different underprinted colors, the black ink is overprinted, during the same scan that printed the underprinted ink and black ink, by a color ink that is different from the underprinted ink, so that the resulting black image printed in both scan directions will contain the same three color components. In one embodiment, the order of print cartridges in the scanning carriage, as viewed from the front of the printer, is cyan, black, magenta, and yellow. Other orders may also be used, and additional colors may be used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing substituted triazolinones, which are intermediates in the preparation of herbicidally active compounds. In particular, this invention relates to the alkylation of a non-alkylated triazolinone intermediate product, wherein the improvement comprises conducting the alkylation reaction under pH controlled conditions. In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to the preparation of a 5-alkoxy(or aryloxy)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one, and the alkylation of this non-alkylated triazolinone intermediate product, to produce a 5-alkoxy(or aryloxy)-4-alkyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing sulfonylaminocarbonyl triazolinones, which are herbicidally active compounds. In particular, this invention relates to the reaction of a substituted triazolinone with a sulfonyl isocyanate, wherein the improvement comprises conducting this reaction in the presence of xylene as solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing sulfonylaminocarbonyl triazolinones and salts thereof, which are herbicidally active compounds, wherein the improvement comprises conducting the conversion reaction of the sulfonylaminocarbonyl triazolinone to a salt thereof under pH controlled conditions. In particular, this invention relates to the conversion of a substituted triazolinone to a sulfonylaminocarbonyl triazolinone, and without the isolation of this intermediate product, the sulfonylaminocarbonyl triazolinone is then converted to a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing sulfonylaminocarbonyl triazolinones and salts thereof, which are herbicidally active compounds, wherein the process does not require isolation of the intermediate product. In particular, this invention relates to the conversion of a substituted triazolinone to a sulfonylaminocarbonyl triazolinone, and without the isolation of this intermediate product, the sulfonylaminocarbonyl triazolinone is then converted to a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous process for making O,O-dimethyl phosphoroamidothioate. In accordance with this process, O,O-dimethyl phosphorochloridothioate is reacted with ammonia and sodium hydroxide; addition of the sodium hydroxide controls the pH of the reaction mixture. The formed reaction mixture contains an aqueous phase and an organic phase. The organic phase of the reaction mixture is separated from the aqueous phase; a second organic phase is solvent extracted from the aqueous phase; and the resultant O,O-dimethyl phosphoroamidothioate is isolated from the combined organic phases via vacuum solvent stripping. In an embodiment of the present invention, the reaction of O,O-dimethyl phosphorochloridothioate with ammonia and sodium hydroxide is carried out in the presence of a solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making O,S-dimethyl phosphoramidothioate. In accordance with this process, O,O-dimethyl phosphoramidothioate is isomerized in the presence of dimethyl sulfate to form a reaction mixture; the reaction mixture is then passed through a wiped film evaporator at a temperature of from about 55.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C. and a pressure of from about 3 to about 10 mm Hg, with the distillate containing O,S-dimethyl phosphoramidothioate, unreacted O,O-dimethyl phosphoramidothioate and by-products, and the residue containing O,S-dimethyl phosphoramidothioate in an amount greater than the amount of O,S-dimethyl phosphoramidothioate contained in the reaction mixture prior to distillation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for making 2-(methylthio)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole. The process includes the steps of reacting methyidithiocarbazinate with trifluoroacetic acid, in the absence of phosphorus trichloride, to form a mixture of 2-(methylthio)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole and 2,5-bis-(methylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole. Further, the process of the present invention includes selectively removing the 2,5-bis-(methylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole by acidifying the reaction mixture, and then separating the aqueous and organic phases.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for making thiadiazole sulfones. In particular, the present process is used to make 2-(methylsulfonyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole using catalytic oxidation in the presence of a suitable oxidizing agent. The catalyst system used for the oxidation reaction is a mixture of glacial acetic acid and a tungsten catalyst. The tungsten catalyst is preferably selected from the group consisting of sodium tungstate, potassium tunstate, and tungstic acid.