Abstract: The technology disclosed is directed to context-dependent base calling. The technology disclosed describes a system including memory storing k-mer-specific centroids for k-mers. The k-mer-specific centroids are learned by training a base calling pipeline to represent base calls of an already base called sequence in k-mer-specific time series, transform the k-mer-specific time series into predicted k-mer-specific centroids, merge the predicted k-mer-specific centroids on a sequencing cycle-by-sequencing cycle basis to generate predicted per-sequencing cycle intensity values, determine a training loss (e.g., a transformation loss) based on comparing the predicted per-sequencing cycle intensity values against known intensity values of the base calls, update the predicted k-mer-specific centroids based on the determined training loss, and store the updated centroids as the k-mer-specific centroids.

Abstract: This application relates to methods of monoclonal clustering. In some examples, the monoclonal clustering utilizes double-stranded DNA.

Abstract: The technology disclosed is directed to cluster segmentation and base calling. The technology disclosed describes a computer-implemented method including segmenting a population of clusters into a plurality of subpopulations of clusters based on one or more prior bases called at one or more prior sequencing cycles of a sequencing run. At a current sequencing cycle of the sequencing run, the method includes applying a mixture of four distributions to current sequenced data of each subpopulation of clusters in the plurality of subpopulations of clusters, the four distributions corresponding to four bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T), and the current sequenced data being generated at the current sequencing cycle. The method further includes base calling clusters in a particular subpopulation of clusters using a corresponding mixture of four distributions.

Abstract: Methods are used for obtaining, cataloguing, and/or storing data derived from a biological source using a flow cell body, electrodes, and an imaging assembly. The data may include DNA and/or RNA obtained from a biological source, such as from the cells of an organism. The methods may be used to obtain, catalog, and/or store data such as DNA or RNA sequence from a pathogen such as a virus and/or a bacteria, human health data over time, and immune system information from an individual. The data obtained using the disclosed methods may be used for a variety of different purposes, including the manufacture of vaccine compositions, and for restoring the immune system of an individual who has undergone an immune system depleting event. The methods may be used for storage of biological cells, which may be used for the screening of compounds, such as small molecules with potential for therapeutic indications.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a flow cell body, a plurality of electrodes, an imaging assembly, and one or more barrier features. The flow cell body defines one or more flow channels and a plurality of wells defined as recesses in the floor of each flow channel. Each well is fluidically coupled with the corresponding flow channel. The flow cell body further defines interstitial surfaces between adjacent wells. Each well defines a corresponding depth. Each electrode is positioned in a corresponding well of the plurality of wells. The electrodes are to effect writing of polynucleotides in the wells. The imaging assembly is to capture images of polynucleotides written in the wells. The one or more barrier features are positioned in the wells, between the wells, or above the wells. The one or more barrier features contain reactions in each well, reduce diffusion between the wells, or reduce optical cross-talk between the wells.

Abstract: Defocus is introduced during sequencing by synthesis by tilt of a flow cell and by variations in flatness of the flow cell. Effects of the defocus are reduced, and base calling quality is improved using techniques relating to dependence of base calling on flow cell tilt. For example, the flow cell surface height is measured throughout the flow cell. A focal height of an imager having a sensor for the sequencing is set, optionally adaptively, one or more times during the sequencing. Each image captured by the sensor is partitioned, e.g., based on differences between focal height and the measured flow cell surface height across areas of the sensor. Filters, e.g., related to defocus correction, are selected based at least in part on the difference between the focal height and the measured flow cell surface height at a particular area of the image being corrected for defocus.

Abstract: Methods are used for obtaining, cataloguing, and/or storing data derived from a biological source using a flow cell body, electrodes, and an imaging assembly. The data may include DNA and/or RNA obtained from a biological source, such as from the cells of an organism. The methods may be used to obtain, catalog, and/or store data such as DNA or RNA sequence from a pathogen such as a virus and/or a bacteria, human health data over time, and immune system information from an individual. The data obtained using the disclosed methods may be used for a variety of different purposes, including the manufacture of vaccine compositions, and for restoring the immune system of an individual who has undergone an immune system depleting event. The methods may be used for storage of biological cells, which may be used for the screening of compounds, such as small molecules with potential for therapeutic indications.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to kits, compositions, and methods for nucleic acid sequencing, for example, two-channel nucleic acid sequencing by synthesis using blue and green light excitation. In particular, unlabeled nucleotides for incorporation may be used in conjunction with affinity reagents containing detectable labels excitable by blue and/or green lights, for specific binding to each type of nucleotides incorporated.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a flow cell body, a plurality of electrodes, an integrated circuit, and an imaging assembly. The flow cell body defines one or more flow channels and a plurality of wells. Each flow channel is configured to receive a flow of fluid. Each well is fluidically coupled with the corresponding flow channel. Each well is configured to contain at least one polynucleotide. Each electrode is positioned in a corresponding well of the plurality of wells. The electrodes are operable to effect writing of polynucleotides in the corresponding wells. The integrated circuit is operable to drive selective deposition or activation of selected nucleotides to attach to polynucleotides in the wells to thereby generate polynucleotides representing machine-written data in the wells. The imaging assembly is operable to capture images indicative of one or more nucleotides in a polynucleotide.

Abstract: Artificial intelligence driven signal enhancement of sequencing images enables enhanced sequencing by synthesis that determines a sequence of bases in genetic material with any one or more of: improved performance, improved accuracy, and/or reduced cost. A training set of images taken at unreduced and reduced power levels used to excite fluorescence during sequencing by synthesis is used to train a neural network to enable the neural network to recover enhanced images, as if taken at the unreduced power level, from unenhanced images taken at the reduced power level.

Abstract: Systems and methods of identifying nucleobases in a template polynucleotide are disclosed. In one embodiment, such a method may include providing a substrate comprising a plurality of double stranded template polynucleotides in a cluster. Each double stranded template polynucleotide may comprise a first strand and a second strand. The method may further include contacting the plurality of double stranded template polynucleotides with first primers which bind to the first strand and second primers which bind to the second strand. The method may further include extending the first primers and the second primers by contacting the cluster with labeled nucleobases to form first labeled primers and second labeled primers. The method may further include stimulating light emissions from the first and second labeled primers, wherein an amplitude of the signal generated by the first labeled primers is greater than an amplitude of the signal generated by the second labeled primers.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for non-volatile storage include a well activation device operable to modify one or more wells from a plurality of wells of a flow cell to provide a set of readable wells. Readable wells are configured to allow exposure of a well to substances from nucleotide sequencing fluids, and prevent exposure to other substances and fluids, such as nucleotide synthesizing fluids. The well activation device may also modify wells to provide a set of writeable wells. This set of wells is configured to allow exposure to the nucleotide synthesizing fluids and substances; and prevent exposure to the nucleotide sequencing fluids and substances. There may also be provisions made for risk mitigation for data errors such as generating commands to write specified data to a nucleotide sequence associated with a particular location in a storage device, reading the nucleotide sequence and performing a comparison.

Abstract: Artificial intelligence driven enhancement of motion blurred sequencing images enables enhanced sequencing that determines a sequence of bases in genetic material with any one or more of: improved performance, improved accuracy, and/or reduced cost. A training set of images taken after unreduced and reduced movement settling times during sequencing is used to train a neural network to enable the neural network to recover enhanced images, as if taken after the unreduced movement settling time, from unenhanced images taken after the reduced movement settling time.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a flow cell body, a plurality of electrodes, an integrated circuit, and an imaging assembly. The flow cell body defines one or more flow channels and a plurality of wells. Each flow channel is configured to receive a flow of fluid. Each well is fluidically coupled with the corresponding flow channel. Each well is configured to contain at least one polynucleotide. Each electrode is positioned in a corresponding well of the plurality of wells. The electrodes are operable to effect writing of polynucleotides in the corresponding wells. The integrated circuit is operable to drive selective deposition or activation of selected nucleotides to attach to polynucleotides in the wells to thereby generate polynucleotides representing machine-written data in the wells. The imaging assembly is operable to capture images indicative of one or more nucleotides in a polynucleotide.

Abstract: Systems and methods of identifying nucleobases in a template polynucleotide are disclosed. In one embodiment, such a method may include providing a substrate comprising a plurality of the template polynucleotides in a cluster. The method may further include generating light to stimulate fluorescent emissions from the cluster. The method may further include receiving a first signal emitted at a first intensity from a first plurality of nucleotide analogs hybridized to the plurality of template polynucleotides at a first site. The method may further include receiving a second signal emitted at a second intensity from a second plurality of nucleotide analogs hybridized to the plurality of template polynucleotides at a second site. The method may further include identifying the nucleobases hybridized at the first and second sites of the template polynucleotide based on a combination of the first and second signals.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a flow cell body, a plurality of electrodes, an imaging assembly, and one or more barrier features. The flow cell body defines one or more flow channels and a plurality of wells defined as recesses in the floor of each flow channel. Each well is fluidically coupled with the corresponding flow channel. The flow cell body further defines interstitial surfaces between adjacent wells. Each well defines a corresponding depth. Each electrode is positioned in a corresponding well of the plurality of wells. The electrodes are to effect writing of polynucleotides in the wells. The imaging assembly is to capture images of polynucleotides written in the wells. The one or more barrier features are positioned in the wells, between the wells, or above the wells. The one or more barrier features contain reactions in each well, reduce diffusion between the wells, or reduce optical cross-talk between the wells.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a flow cell body, a plurality of electrodes, an imaging assembly, and one or more barrier features. The flow cell body defines one or more flow channels and a plurality of wells defined as recesses in the floor of each flow channel. Each well is fluidically coupled with the corresponding flow channel. The flow cell body further defines interstitial surfaces between adjacent wells. Each well defines a corresponding depth. Each electrode is positioned in a corresponding well of the plurality of wells. The electrodes are to effect writing of polynucleotides in the wells. The imaging assembly is to capture images of polynucleotides written in the wells. The one or more barrier features are positioned in the wells, between the wells, or above the wells. The one or more barrier features contain reactions in each well, reduce diffusion between the wells, or reduce optical cross-talk between the wells.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for non-volatile storage include a well activation device operable to modify one or more wells from a plurality of wells of a flow cell to provide a set of readable wells. Readable wells are configured to allow exposure of a well to substances from nucleotide sequencing fluids, and prevent exposure to other substances and fluids, such as nucleotide synthesizing fluids. The well activation device may also modify wells to provide a set of writeable wells. This set of wells is configured to allow exposure to the nucleotide synthesizing fluids and substances; and prevent exposure to the nucleotide sequencing fluids and substances. There may also be provisions made for risk mitigation for data errors such as generating commands to write specified data to a nucleotide sequence associated with a particular location in a storage device, reading the nucleotide sequence and performing a comparison.

Abstract: In situ-generated microfluidic capture structures incorporating a solidified polymer network, methods of preparation and use, compositions and kits therefor are described. Microfluidic capture structures may be advantageously used for assays performed within the microfluidic environment, providing flexibility in assaying micro-objects such as biological cells. Assay reagents and analytes may be incorporated within the microfluidic capture structures.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a flow cell body, a plurality of electrodes, an integrated circuit, and an imaging assembly. The flow cell body defines one or more flow channels and a plurality of wells. Each flow channel is configured to receive a flow of fluid. Each well is fluidically coupled with the corresponding flow channel. Each well is configured to contain at least one polynucleotide. Each electrode is positioned in a corresponding well of the plurality of wells. The electrodes are operable to effect writing of polynucleotides in the corresponding wells. The integrated circuit is operable to drive selective deposition or activation of selected nucleotides to attach to polynucleotides in the wells to thereby generate polynucleotides representing machine-written data in the wells. The imaging assembly is operable to capture images indicative of one or more nucleotides in a polynucleotide.