Abstract: Novel methods of electronically modulating magnetic fields are described. The basic principle of the instant invention is based on the well known Meissner Effect. A superconducting element is placed within a magnetic field whose strength is much less than the critical field of the superconductor. The field flux is excluded out of the superconducting medium. When the superconductor is now forced into its mixed or normal phase by external means, the magnetic field around it is modified and thus modulation of that field near the superconductor surface is possible. Three distinct methods of modulating magnetic fields on the surfaces of superconductors are detailed and some applications disclosed.

Abstract: Devices and technique using specially configured switchable superconducting elements to achieve temporal and spatial modulation of magnetic fields created in the hollow of solenoids are provided.

Abstract: A reactor capable of continuously producing activated species of oxygen molecules, specifically those known as "Delta Singlet Oxygen". Uses of "Delta Singlet Oxygen" include the maintenance of high oxidation potential during the deposition of layers of high temperature superconductors. Delta singlet oxygen is particularly effective in obtaining ultra-smooth surfaces when used as the etching gas in plasma milling of a diamond-like carbon film. The film can be used as an ideal insulating barrier for construction of high-temperature superconducting Josephson junctions.