Abstract: There is provided a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored therein a training program for causing a computer to execute a process, in training a machine learning model capable of generating self-sampled data based on a probability distribution estimated for sampled data. The process includes generating the self-sampled data from the machine learning model in process of training, and training the machine learning model so that a third loss function becomes small. The third loss function includes a first loss function of unsupervised training based on the sampled data and a second loss function of supervised training based on the sampled data and the self-sampled data.

Abstract: A storage unit stores evaluation function information of an evaluation function of a combinatorial optimization problem including a sum of an objective function and one or more constraint functions including a first constraint function weighted by a first coefficient (t) representing a weight of a first constraint condition. When repeatedly executing a local search for searching for a solution candidate (x*) of the combinatorial optimization problem using the evaluation function information while changing a value of t, a processing unit changes the value of t in a direction in which a value (V(x*)) of the first constraint function corresponding to x* obtained by the local search using each value of t approaches a target value (Vtarget) that is a positive value.

Abstract: Provided is a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored therein a learning program for causing a computer to execute a process. The process includes a first process of generating a probability distribution model by learning a probability distribution having fewer peaks than an objective probability distribution, and a second process of generating a new probability distribution model by learning a probability distribution closer to the objective probability distribution than a learned probability distribution using a parameter of a generated probability distribution model.

Abstract: A method may include obtaining replicas that represent estimated states of a system. A first replica having the lowest temperature in a first set of temperatures may be identified and written to a first state of a memory. The method may include performing a first Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) trial on each replica to simulate the effects of a change in the temperature of the respective replica. A second replica having the lowest temperature in a second set of temperatures may be identified and written to a second state of the memory. A first and second multiplicity of the first and second replicas may be calculated, the multiplicities representing estimations of the quantities of MCMC trials which would result in rejection. A representation of an end state of the system may be generated based on the first replica, the second replica, the first multiplicity, and the second multiplicity.

Abstract: A storing unit stores, amongst coefficients, values of a coefficient group associated with one selected from multiple variable groups, which are obtained by dividing state variables of an evaluation function. A searching unit searches for a solution to an optimization problem by repeating update processing, which includes calculating, using the values of the coefficient group, a value change of the evaluation function responsive to changing the value of each state variable of the variable group and changing the value of one state variable thereof based on the value change and temperature. A processing unit calculates multiplicity indicating the iteration count in which the values of the variable group are maintained in a search using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), and causes, responsive to cumulated multiplicity exceeding a threshold, the searching unit to perform the update processing using the values of the coefficient group associated with a different variable group.

Abstract: An optimization device including: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to perform processing, the processing including: holding each of values of a plurality of state variables included in an evaluation function; performing calculation processing including calculating change values of the evaluation function when any one of the values of the plurality of state variables changes with a probability based on a weight value of each of the plurality of state variables, and calculating evaluation values that evaluate which state transition to accept among the plurality of state variables, based on the calculated change values and correction values that correspond to susceptibility to change in the state variables of which the values have been changed; and changing one of the held values of any one of the state variables among the plurality of state variables, based on the calculated evaluation values.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program that causes a computer to execute a process that includes executing search processing that repeatedly execute selecting, determining, and state changing according to a predetermined order for searching for a solution to a problem represented by an energy function including a plurality of state variables. The search processing includes counting a number of times it is determined that the value of the state variable of a change candidate is not to be continuously changed, and correcting, with an offset, a change amount of the energy function corresponding to the change in the value of the state variable of the change candidate when the counted number of times reaches a predetermined number. The determining includes determine, after the change amount is corrected, whether to change the value of the state variable of the change candidate based on the corrected change amount is performed.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to: hold values of a plurality of state variables included in an evaluation function representing energy, and outputs, every certain number of trials, the values of the plurality of state variables; compute, when a state transition occurs in response to changing of one of the values of the plurality of state variables, an energy change value for each state transition based on a weight value selected based on an update index value; and determine a first offset value based on a plurality of the energy change values such that at least one of the state transitions is allowed, outputs a plurality of first evaluation values obtained by adding the first offset value to the plurality of energy change values, and outputs, every certain number of trials, the first offset value.

Abstract: A sampling method includes: executing a state update process; executing a repetition count calculation process; executing an exchange control process; and executing an output process, the state update process being configured to hold values of a plurality of state variable groups each including a plurality of state variables, the plurality of state variables being included in an evaluation function indicating energy of an Ising model, and generate a state transition by changing any of the plurality of state variables in each attempt on the basis of a temperature value, in which different values are respectively associated with the plurality of state variable groups, and an amount of change in the energy due to a change in any of the plurality of state variables, the output process being configured to output values of the plurality of state variables and an expected value at a predetermined interval.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to: hold values of a plurality of state variables included in an evaluation function representing energy, and outputs, every certain number of trials, the values of the plurality of state variables; compute, when a state transition occurs in response to changing of one of the values of the plurality of state variables, an energy change value for each state transition based on a weight value selected based on an update index value; and determine a first offset value based on a plurality of the energy change values such that at least one of the state transitions is allowed, outputs a plurality of first evaluation values obtained by adding the first offset value to the plurality of energy change values and outputs, every certain number of trials the first offset value.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes, a plurality of semiconductor dies formed using semiconductor substrates, plane orientations of which are the same, and the plurality of the semiconductor dies are stacked such that a crystal orientation of at least one layer is different from other layers.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a substrate that includes a first penetration hole; a first electrode that is located on a first surface of the substrate so as to cover the first penetration hole; and a first penetrating electrode that is located in the first penetration hole and is in contact with or away from the first electrode depending on temperature.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a first circuit board; a second circuit board located above a first region of the first circuit board; a first semiconductor element located above a second region of the first circuit board, which is different from the first region, and above a third region of the second circuit board; a first connection interposed between the first semiconductor element and the second region so as to electrically interconnect the first semiconductor element and the first circuit board; and a second connection interposed between the first semiconductor element and the third region so as to electrically interconnect the first semiconductor element and the second circuit board.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes, a plurality of semiconductor dies formed using semiconductor substrates, plane orientations of which are the same, and the plurality of the semiconductor dies are stacked such that a crystal orientation of at least one layer is different from other layers.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a semiconductor substrate; a wiring layer provided on a front-surface side of the semiconductor substrate; a through-via that penetrates through the semiconductor substrate from a back-surface side of the semiconductor substrate and is coupled to a wire included in the wiring layer; and a stress relaxation part that protrudes toward a through-via side and is disposed on a section in the wire and coupled to the through-via, the stress relaxation part including at least one insulating portion containing an insulating material having a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than a material of the through-via.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a substrate that includes a first penetration hole; a first electrode that is located on a first surface of the substrate so as to cover the first penetration hole; and a first penetrating electrode that is located in the first penetration hole and is in contact with or away from the first electrode depending on temperature.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a first circuit board; a second circuit board located above a first region of the first circuit board; a first semiconductor element located above a second region of the first circuit board, which is different from the first region, and above a third region of the second circuit board; a first connection interposed between the first semiconductor element and the second region so as to electrically interconnect the first semiconductor element and the first circuit board; and a second connection interposed between the first semiconductor element and the third region so as to electrically interconnect the first semiconductor element and the second circuit board.

Abstract: An electronic component includes: a substrate; wiring provided on the substrate, and including an uneven section at an edge portion of the wiring in plain view; and an insulating film provided on the substrate and on the wiring. And a method of manufacturing an electronic component includes: forming, on a substrate, wiring including an uneven section at an edge portion of the wiring in plain view; and forming an insulating film on the substrate and on the wiring.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a semiconductor substrate; a wiring layer provided on a front-surface side of the semiconductor substrate; a through-via that penetrates through the semiconductor substrate from a back-surface side of the semiconductor substrate and is coupled to a wire included in the wiring layer; and a stress relaxation part that protrudes toward a through-via side and is disposed on a section in the wire and coupled to the through-via, the stress relaxation part including at least one insulating portion containing an insulating material having a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than a material of the through-via.

Abstract: An electronic component includes: a substrate; wiring provided on the substrate, and including an uneven section at an edge portion of the wiring in plain view; and an insulating film provided on the substrate and on the wiring. And a method of manufacturing an electronic component includes: forming, on a substrate, wiring including an uneven section at an edge portion of the wiring in plain view; and forming an insulating film on the substrate and on the wiring.