Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element comprising an electrically conductive support having thereon an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising an oxide semiconductor which is adsorbed with a dye, and a counter electrode facing the oxide semiconductor electrode through a charge transfer layer, wherein the dye is represented by Formula (1):

Abstract: An organic photoreceptor for an electro-photography, comprising a conductive support member and at least a light sensitive layer, and comprising a toner image forming surface of the photoreceptor having a surface roughness Ra between 0.02 ?m and 0.1 ?m and a surface roughness Rz between 0.1 ?m and 1 ?m, and an image forming apparatus comprising the same are disclosed.

Abstract: An organic photoconductor, comprises a conductive base, a charge generating lager and a charge transport layer, wherein the charge generating lager and the charge transport layer are provided in this order on the conductive base, wherein when a curve is drawn by plotting integrated-values of a detected current in terms of time in measurement of transient photocurrent by TOF (time of flight) measurement with an electric field intensity of 10V/?m , crossing angle ? of two tangent lines tangent to the curve is 15° to 45°; and the charge transport lager has a film thickness of 20 to 35 ?m.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having an intermediate layer in which the intermediate layer contains a compound formed from a composition containing the following components X, Y and Z.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, comprising: an electrophotographic photoreceptor and an intermediate transfer member, wherein the photoreceptor and the intermediate transfer member have a condition represented by Formula 1: Wa<Wb where Wa represents a water content (wt %) on the surface of the photoreceptor and Wb represents a water content (wt %) on the surface of the intermediate transfer member.

Abstract: An organic photoconductor including a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer on a conductive base, wherein crossing angle? of two tangent lines is 70° or more, two tangent lines which border on a curve drawn by plotting integrated values of detected current versus time in measurement of transient photocurrent (TOF), at a field intensity of 10V/?m; and film thickness of the charge transport layer is 8 to 15 ?m.

Abstract: A photoelectric converter containing a conductive substrate having thereon a dye sensitized semiconductor electrode, a charge transport layer and a counter electrode, wherein the charge transport layer contains a charge transport material and an antioxidant.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having an interlayer and a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate, wherein the interlayer comprises any one of 1) an N-type semiconductive particle containing at least one of transition metals having an atomic number of 21 to 30, 39, 41 to 48 and 57 to 80, the total amount of the transition metals having an atomic number of 21 to 30, 39, 41 to 48 and 57 to 80 being from 100 ppm to 2.0% by mass, or 2) a metal oxide particle containing a silicon atom in a bond energy spectrum by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at a ratio represented by the following Formula (1): Formula (1) 0.02?Si/M?0.55 Si: a peak intensity of a silicon atom among the bond energy spectrum, and M: a peak intensity of a metal atom among the bond energy spectrum.

Abstract: An electrostatic toner image forming method is disclosed. In the method, the photoreceptor comprises a charge generation layer containing an N-type charge generation material and a charge transportation layer containing a charge transportation material and has a thickness of from 5 to 15 ?m; and the toner contains colored particles which have a ratio, Dv50/Dp50, from 1.0 to 1.15 and a ratio, Dv75/Dp75, from 1.0 to 1.20 and the content of particles having a diameter of 0.7×Dp50 is not more than 10 in number, and the reversal development is performed under a condition satisfying the following expression; 50?|E|?100 Expression 1 E: Electrical field intensity applied to the organic photoreceptor during development.

Abstract: An image forming method is disclosed, in which a toner image on an organic photoreceptor developed by a two-component is primarily transferred to an intermediate transferring member, and secondarily transferred to a recording material, and a toner remained on the organic photoreceptor is cleaned after the transfer of the toner to the recording material, and the organic photoreceptor has a creeping modulus measured by pressing a Vickers indenter applying a load of 20 mN is not less than 1% and less than 3.5%. An image forming apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: There are described an image forming method and apparatus, which enable to form an electrophotographic image having high image density and excellent color reproducibility. The method includes: applying a uniform surface potential to an organic photoreceptor; irradiating light, having a wavelength in a range of 350-500 nm, on the photoreceptor, to form a latent image on the photoreceptor; and contacting a developing blush, containing toner and carrier, with the organic photoreceptor so as to form a visible toner image. The developing sleeve bears developing agent including the toner and the carrier. An absolute value of an electric charge potential of non-exposed area on the organic photoreceptor is in a range of 250-450 Volts and the developing sleeve is rotated in a counter direction, being counter to a rotating direction of the organic photoreceptor.

Abstract: An electrostatic image forming apparatus is disclosed. The image forming apparatus contains a toner used in the developing means having saturated moisture content at a temperature of 30° C. and a relative humidity of 80% of within the range of from 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, and the photoreceptor contains a siloxane resin having an electric charge transfer ability and a crosslinked structure in the surface layer.

Abstract: An image forming method is disclosed. The method comprises processes in which a latent image on an electrophotographic photoreceptor is developed employing a developer material, and after transferring the visualized toner image to a recording material, the remaining toner on said photoreceptor is removed employing an elastic body cleaning blade. The electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises a surface layer containing a charge transportable polysiloxane hardenable resin, and said developer material comprises a fatty acid metal salt.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The charge transport material comprising a mixture of stereoisomers as a charge transport material and glass transition point Tgb of the binder resin of the charge transport layer and glass transition point Tgl of the charge transport layer satisfy 100° C.<Tgl1<Tgb(both Tgb and Tgl in ° C.). An image forming method employing the photoreceptor is also disclosed.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus provided with an organic photoreceptor; a developing device to bring a developing brush in contact with the organic photoreceptor so as to visualize an electrostatic latent image to toner image; a transfer device; and an agent supplying device to provide a surface energy lowering agent to the surface of the organic photoreceptor. The electrostatic latent image is visualized to the toner image while the developing sleeve is rotated in a direction counter to that of the organic photoreceptor at the developing section.

Abstract: An image forming method, comprising steps of developing a latent image formed on an electro-photographic photosensitive member having a surface roughness Ra of 0.02 ?m-0.1 ?m with developer to form a toner image; transferring the toner image developed as a visual image in the developing step onto an intermediate transfer member having a surface roughness Rz of 0.4 ?m-2.0 ?m; transferring the toner image transferred onto the intermediate transfer member onto a recording material; removing residual toner remaining on the surface of the electro-photographic photosensitive member; and supplying a surface energy lowering agent onto the surface of the electro-photographic photosensitive member at least during an image forming process.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming method is disclosed. The method contains steps of forming an electrostatic latent image on an organic photoreceptor, and developing the electrostatic latent image by a developer containing toner to form a toner image on the photoreceptor. In this method the photoreceptor contains inorganic particles in a surface layer, the toner has circle equivalent diameter d of 3.0 to 8.0 ?m viewed from a direction which maximizes the projective area of toner particles, the toner has a flatness ratio d/t of 2.0 to 5.0, wherein d is circle equivalent diameter and t is average thickness of toner particles, and the electrostatic latent image is developed in such a manner that the developing sleeve is rotated in the opposite direction to the photoreceptor.

Abstract: A toner image is formed while a developing sleeve is rotated in a direction counter to that of an organic photoreceptor at the developing section and a surface layer of the organic photoreceptor contains metal oxide particles which have a number average primary particle diameter of 3 to 150 nm and are chosen from metal of the 3rd or 4th cycle of a periodic table.

Abstract: A toner image is formed while a developing sleeve is rotated in a direction counter to that of an organic photoreceptor at the developing section and a developing agent contains toner which contains toner particles having a particle diameter of 0.7×(Dp50) or less in an amount of 8 number % or less and has water content of 0.1 to 2.0 mass % under an environment of 30° C. and 80% RH, where Dp50 represents 50% number % particle diameter of toner particles.

Abstract: An organic photoconductor containing a conductive support having thereon a photoconductor layer, wherein the creep ratio of the surface of the photoconductor layer is not less than 1% and less than 3.5%, and the surface roughness Ra is not less than 0.02 ?m and less than 0.1 ?m.