Abstract: An image forming method, comprising: forming an electrostatic latent image on a rotatable organic photoreceptor; forming a developing brush with a developing agent containing a toner on a rotatable developing sleeve; and bringing the developing brush in contact with the photoreceptor at a developing region so as to visualize the electrostatic latent image into a toner image. The photoreceptor comprises a conductive support member, an intermediate layer containing a binder resin and inorganic particles which have a number average primary order particle size of 3 to 200 nm, and a photosensitive layer provided on the intermediate layer, and the rotating direction of the developing sleeve is counter to that of the photoreceptor at the developing region.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming method is disclosed. A latent image on a photoreceptor is developed to form a toner image on the photoreceptor by a developer and the toner image is transferred to a recording material or an intermediate transfer element, and the developing and the transferring are performed while regulating a contact angle of the photoreceptor with water within ±5° of an average contact angle by applying a surface energy-lowering agent on the surface of the photoreceptor.

Abstract: An organic photoreceptor for an electro-photography, comprising a conductive support member and at least a light sensitive layer, an comprising a toner image forming surface of the photoreceptor having a surface roughness Ra between 0.02 ?m and 0.1 ?m and a surface roughness Rz between 0.1 ?m and 1 ?m, and an image forming apparatus comprising the same are disclosed.

Abstract: An organic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support on which a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer are stacked in that order, wherein a changing rate of an exposure energy change (E600/100)n is not larger than 0.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided with an electrophotographic photoreceptor on which a latent image is formed; and an agent providing device to provide a surface energy lowering agent having a water content ratio of 5.0 weight % or less onto the surface of the photoreceptor.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, comprising: an electrophotographic photoreceptor and an intermediate transfer member, wherein the photoreceptor and the intermediate transfer member have a condition represented by Formula 1: Wa<Wb where Wa represents a water content (wt %) on the surface of the photoreceptor and Wb represents a water content (wt %) on the surface of the intermediate transfer member.

Abstract: A photoconductor for electrophotography, includes a conductive substrate; a photoesensitive layer containing charge generation material formed on the conductive substrate. The charge generation material contains a substituted or unsubstituted gallium phthalocyanine dimer (GaPhC dimmer) and a substituted or unsubstituted hydroxy gallium phthalocyanine (GaPhC monomer) and has distinctive diffraction peaks at the Bragg angles (2?±0.2) of 7.5° and 28.3° in a Cu—K? characteristic X-ray diffraction spectrum.

Abstract: An image forming method comprising steps of forming a toner image by developing by a toner a latent image on a photoreceptor comprised of a layer formed on a substrate, transferring the toner image onto a recording medium on which the toner image is recorded and fixing, wherein the average circular degree of the toner is not less than 0.94, and the toner contains a wax comprising an ester of a carboxylic acid having carbon atoms of not less than 16 or an ester of an alcohol having carbon atoms of not less than 16, and the layer is a layer to be contacted to the toner in the developing step and contains an inorganic fine particles having a number average of primary particle diameter of approximately not less than 1 nm and less than 100 nm.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The charge transport material comprising a mixture of stereoisomers as a charge transport material and glass transition point Tgb of the binder resin of the charge transport layer and glass transition point Tg1 of the charge transport layer satisfy 100° C.<Tg1 <Tgb (both Tgb and Tg1 in ° C.). An image forming method employing the photoreceptor is also disclosed.

Abstract: A photoreceptor for elctrophotography is disclosed. Thickness of the charge generation layer is 6-15 ?m, thickness of the charge transport layer is 5-15 ?m, and coefficient of working function of the under coat layer ? is not more than 0.8.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having an intermediate layer in which the intermediate layer contains a compound formed from a composition containing the following components X, Y and Z.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The charge transport material comprising a mixture of stereoisomers as a charge transport material and glass transition point Tgb of the binder resin of the charge transport layer and glass transition point Tgl of the charge transport layer satisfy 100° C.<Tgl<Tgb(both Tgb and Tgl in ° C.). An image forming method employing the photoreceptor is also disclosed.

Abstract: An organic photoconductor, comprises a conductive base, a charge generating lager and a charge transport layer, wherein the charge generating lager and the charge transport layer are provided in this order on the conductive base, wherein when a curve is drawn by plotting integrated-values of a detected current in terms of time in measurement of transient photocurrent by TOF (time of flight) measurement with an electric field intensity of 10V/&mgr;m , crossing angle &thgr; of two tangent lines tangent to the curve is 15° to 45°; and the charge transport lager has a film thickness of 20 to 35 &mgr;m.

Abstract: An organic photoconductor including a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer on a conductive base, wherein crossing angle&thgr; of two tangent lines is 70° or more, two tangent lines which border on a curve drawn by plotting integrated values of detected current versus time in measurement of transient photocurrent (TOF), at a field intensity of 10V/&mgr;m; and film thickness of the charge transport layer is 8 to 15 &mgr;m.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having an interlayer and a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate, wherein the interlayer comprises any one of 1) an N-type semiconductive particle containing at least one of transition metals having an atomic number of 21 to 30, 39, 41 to 48 and 57 to 80, the total amount of the transition metals having an atomic number of 21 to 30, 39, 41 to 48 and 57 to 80 being from 100 ppm to 2.0% by mass, or 2) a metal oxide particle containing a silicon atom in a bond energy spectrum by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at a ratio represented by the following Formula (1): Formula (1) 0.02≦Si/M≦0.55 Si: a peak intensity of a silicon atom among the bond energy spectrum, and M: a peak intensity of a metal atom among the bond energy spectrum.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The photoreceptor contains a resinous layer comprises a resin comprising an organic polymer component and a siloxane condensation product component, and fluorine atom-containing particles.

Abstract: An image forming method is disclosed, in which a toner image on an organic photorecptor developed by a two-component is primarily transferred to an imtermediate transferring member, and secondarily transferred to a recording material, and a toner remained on the organic photoreceptor is cleaned after the transfer of the toner to the recording material, and the organic photoreceptor has a creeping modulus measured by pressing a Vickers indenter applying a load of 20 mN is not less than 1% and less than 3.5%. An image forming apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrostatic toner image forming method is disclosed. In the method, the photoreceptor comprises a charge generation layer containing an N-type charge generation material and a charge transportation layer containing a charge transportation material and has a thickness of from 5 to 15 &mgr;m; and the toner contains colored particles which have a ratio, Dv50/Dp50, from 1.0 to 1.15 and a ratio, Dv75/Dp75, from 1.0 to 1.20 and the content of particles having a diameter of 0.

Abstract: An image forming method, comprising steps of: forming a latent image on a photoreceptor having an electrically conductive support having thereon a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer; developing the latent image with a developer containing a toner to form a toner image on the photoreceptor; and transferring the toner image onto an image receiving member, wherein the ratio of 50% volume particle diameter to 50% number particle diameter of the toner is within the range of 1.0 to 1.15, the ratio of the cumulative 75% volume particle diameter from the largest particle diameter to the cumulative 75% number particle diameter from the largest particle diameter of the toner is 1.0 to 1.20 and the number of toner particles having a particle diameter of not larger than 0.7×Dp50 is at most 10% of the number of all the toner particles in the toner.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed.