Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member including as a main component an amorphous silicon is exposed to a semiconductor laser beam having a wavelength longer than 700 nm, which has been modulated in accordance with the information to be recorded. After the exposure, the photosensitive member is exposed to a long wavelength light having the spectral distribution which has the peak at the wavelength of 600 nm.

Abstract: A developing apparatus has developer conveying member for feeding developer to an electrostatic latent image bearing surface of an image formation apparatus. A high resistance layer is formed at the side of the developer conveying member facing an electrostatic latent image. A medium resistance layer is formed on the surface of the high resistance layer to provide self-bias effects and to allow developing without background fog.

Abstract: A brass wind musical instrument comprises two main tubes along which a plurality of bypasses are arranged, the bypasses being inserted in series into the corresponding main tubes by the action of valve assemblies; an intermediate tube; a first changeover valve, which, while remaining inoperative, effects communication between a mouthpiece and one end of one of the main tubes, as well as between one end of the other main tube and one end of the intermediate tube, and which, while being operated, ensures communication between the mouthpiece and said one end of the other main tubes, as well as between said one end of said one main tube and said one end of the intermediate tube; and a second changeover valve, which, while remaining inoperative, carries out communication between a bell and the other end of said one main tube, as well as between the other end of the other main tube and the other end of the intermediate tube, and, when operated, attains communication between the bell and the other end of the other m