Abstract: A joined metal-ceramic assembly formed from a ceramic member and a metallic member which are butted and joined together with an intermediate layer interposed therebetween, wherein a joining surface of the ceramic member at which the ceramic member is joined with the intermediate layer includes a rounded peripheral portion which has a substantially arcuate cross sectional shape and the method of producing the metal-ceramic assembly.

Abstract: A vertical apparatus for continuously carbonizing and activating various types of fiber materials. The apparatus comprising a chamber having openings at upper and lower portions thereof, at least one port through which an activating gas is passed for activation of the fiber material and a heater for keeping the temperature in the chamber, a means for vertically passing the fiber material in a continuous manner for the carbonization and activation, and a means for supplying the activating gas into the chamber. A method for continuously carbonizing and activating fiber materials in an efficient manner is also described.

Abstract: A vertical apparatus for continuously carbonizing and activating various types of fiber materials. The apparatus comprising a chamber having openings at upper and lower portions thereof, at least one port through which an activating gas is passed for activation of the fiber material and a heater for keeping the temperature in the chamber, a means for vertically passing the fiber material in a continuous manner for the carbonization and activation, and a means for supplying the activating gas into the chamber. A method for continuously carbonizing and activating fiber materials in an efficient manner is also described.

Abstract: A polarizable electrode body which has as a constituting member a paper-type body having activated carbon fiber and a fibrous binding medium as its composition, and also a electric double-layer capacitor having the polarizable electrode body as its constituting member. In comparison with a conventional simple polarizable electrode body of activated carbon fiber fabric, higher integration can be made and charged electric charge per unit volume can be increased, and the electric charge to be stored in the polarizable electrode body can be easily adjusted.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor having polarizable electrodes including activated carbon fibers which are fully activated and have a large specific surface area, and a method for making the same. Each of the polarizable electrodes is composed of an activated carbon element having a surface fiber ratio (total geometric surface area of fabric/total geometric surface area of secondary fibers or strands) of 0.01 or more. Each activated carbon element is in the form of a woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, felt or the like including activated carbon fibers.

Abstract: This invention relates to electric double layer capacitor utilizing electric double layer formed at interface between polarizable electrode and electrolyte, and carbon fibers or activated carbon fibers are used as polarizable electrode (17), and on the polarizable electrodes (17) consisting of the carbon fibers or activated carbon fibers conductive electrodes (18) as collectors are formed to constitute electrode parts.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling humidity comprises a humidity sensing circuit including a humidity sensing element the electrostatic capacitance of which varies in accordance with the ambient relative humidity, and an air-conditioning system responsive to the sensed humidity. The humidity sensing element is charged and discharged repeatedly in accordance with a pulse train signal, and a period required for the voltage across the sensing element is measured during charging by a comparison between the voltage and a reference voltage. The pulse width or the reference voltage may be changed to select a desired reference humidity. A hysteresis characteristic may be given to render the operation of the circuit stable. When an SCR is controlled by the output signal of the humidity sensing circuit, the frequency of the pulse train signal is selected to be greater than four times the frequency of the voltage applied to the SCR.

Abstract: Apparatus for humidity detection comprises a humidity sensing element, the electrostatic capacitance of which varies in accordance with the ambient humidity, a fixed capacitor, first and second pulse generating circuits respectively responsive to the sensing element and the capacitor, and a computing circuit responsive to pulses from the first and second pulse generating circuit. The sensing element and the fixed capacitor are respectively charged via resistors to produce first and second pulses in accordance with voltage across the sensing element and the capacitor. The difference between the widths of the first and second pulses is detected in the computing circuit to produce an output pulse indicative of the relative humidity, thereby compensating for undesirable infuenece due to dielectric loss in the sensing element so as to accurately measure humidity irrespectively of the ambient temperature.

Abstract: A device comprising a dielectric oxide film formed by anodization of a surface region of a valve metal body, a semiconductive metal oxide layer porously formed on the dielectric oxide film, and a gas permeable electrode layer formed on the semiconductive metal oxide layer with the interposal of a gas permeable carbon layer therebetween. The semiconductive metal oxide layer is formed by pyrolysis of a metal salt solution so as to be, microscopically, only partially in contact with the dielectric oxide film. After forming of the electrode layer, the device is immersed in boiling water and/or kept in a high temperature high humidity atmosphere for an adequate amount of time to stabilize the semiconductive metal oxide layer, resulting in that the semiconductive metal oxide layer has a multiplicity of microscopic crevices and that the device becomes quite stable in the relation between humidity and electrostatic capacitance of the device.

Abstract: A device comprising a metal substrate serving as a first electrode, a dielectric oxide film formed by oxidation of a surface region of the substrate and a second electrode layer formed porously on the dielectric oxide film. Microscopically, the second electrode layer is only partially in contact with the dielectric oxide film. Accordingly moisture adsorbed through the second electrode layer covers uncoated regions of the dielectric film surface to a variable extent in dependence on humidity, resulting in a change in the electrostatic capacitance across the electrodes. Preferably the device comprises a semiconducting metal oxide layer as an innermost part of the second electrode layer.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte capacitor superior to a manganese dioxide capacitor and characterized by the use of an oxide of Ru, Rh, Re, Os or Ir either in place of or together with manganese dioxide. The newly utilized metal oxide is good at oxidizing ability and low in resistivity. A solid electrolyte layer comprising the newly utilized metal oxide is formed by pyrolysis of an aqueous solution comprising a soluble salt of the metal on an anodized valve metal. The solution may comprise manganese nitrate too.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte capacitor which utilizes a semiconductive metal oxide such as manganese dioxide as solid electrolyte can be improved particularly in its dielectric loss and frequency-capacitance characteristics by the use of an oxide of Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Os and/or Ir as a material of a cathode collector layer covering the solid electrolyte layer either in place of or together with colloidal carbon which is used commonly. It is preferable that a conductive layer formed on the cathode collector layer is a plasma-sprayed coating of a metal such as copper.

Abstract: A lithographic printing process characterized by demulsifying an emulsion ink by the action of a cooling means and, if desired, a shearing force-giving means provided in a region of ink distributing rollers in an inking system.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor comprises an anode body made of a valve action metal the surface of which is coated with an anodically oxidized film, a manganese oxide layer formed thereon through repeatedly dipping, into a high viscosity slurry of manganese oxide producing solution consisting of Mn(NO.sub.3).sub.2 --Mn(CH).sub.2 --NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3 --H.sub.2 O followed by thermal decomposition, and a cathode layer formed thereon. Through the improvement of said solution a required amount of uniform and dense manganese oxide layer is produced with a minimum number of repetitions of the above process so that a solid electrolytic capacitor having an improved characteristic can be provided.

Abstract: In a solid electrolyte capacitor, a metallic cathode collector layer is in direct contact with an electrolyte layer which is formed of densely accumulated manganese dioxide particles of 0.1 - 50 .mu.m. The manganese dioxide layer is formed by performing pyrolysis of manganese nitrate in a semi-closed heating chamber of a radiant furnace to offer a resistance to the outflow from the chamber of gaseous decomposition products. The collector layer is formed by spraying, preferably by plasma spraying, of a metal powder typified by copper powder.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing solid electrolytic capacitors, wherein deposition of electrolyte of a semiconductive metal oxide on a semiconductive dielectric film is performed by electrolytic oxidation from a bath of a metallic salt solution. During the electrolysis, the dielectric film is irradiated by radiation, the energy of which is enough to allow the valence electrons to enter the conduction band, so that due to the thus increased charge carriers the dielectric film more readily conducts electric current.

Abstract: A manganese dioxide layer of improved quality is formed on the surface of a dielectric oxide coating on a valve-metal substrate by repeating sequential procedures of immersing the substrate in an aqueous solution of manganese nitrate and heating the wet substrate to cause pyrolytic decomposition of manganese nitrate several times on condition that the heating is carried out at least once in a furnace wherein hot air flows and at least once in a semi-closed radiant furnace wherein the decomposition proceeds under a positive pressure of a small magnitude due to prolonged retention of gaseous decomposition products in the heating chamber.