Abstract: A modulator, demodulator, transmission device, and reception device for digital data that have excellent resistance to noise are provided. A modulator according to one aspect of this disclosure includes a modulation mapper (15) that performs 16APSK mapping at a radius ratio of 2.87 when the LDPC code rate is 93/120. A modulator according to another aspect of this disclosure includes a modulation mapper (15) that performs 32APSK mapping at a second inner circle to first inner circle radius ratio of 2.87 and an outer circle to first inner circle radius ratio of 5.33 when the LDPC code rate is 93/120. The modulator is included in a transmission device (1) according to this disclosure. A demodulator according to this disclosure includes a quadrature detector (21) that performs demodulation corresponding to the modulator. The demodulator is included in a reception device (2) according to this disclosure.

Abstract: A bicycle electrical shifting apparatus is basically provided with a shift operating device that includes an operating member and a first controller. The first controller is programmed to output a first signal that starts a shifting operation in response to a single manual operation of the operating member and a second signal that ends the shifting operation in response to an end of the single manual operation of the operating member.

Abstract: A bicycle electric component setting system is basically provided a master unit and a plurality of slave bicycle electric components. The master unit is configured to be mounted to a bicycle. The master unit is configured to receive update information from an external terminal device. The slave bicycle electric components are configured to be mounted to the bicycle. The slave bicycle electric components are configured to receive the update information from the master unit to change a setting of at least one of the slave bicycle electric components.

Abstract: A control device is provided for controlling an electric device on a bicycle. The control device basically includes a bicycle attachment member, an operating member, an operation detection unit and a signal output unit. The operating member includes at least a first operating part and a second operating part. The operating member is rotatably mounted to the attachment member to rotate in a prescribed operation direction. The operation detection unit is arranged to detect selective operation of the first and second operating parts in the operation direction. The signal output unit outputs an actuation signal to actuate the electric device based on a detection result from the operation detection unit.

Abstract: A bicycle wireless control system is basically provided with a first electric component and a second electric component. The first electric component includes a wireless transmitter that wirelessly transmits a plurality of control signals in response to a single operation of at least one operating member. Each of the control signals is transmitted for a predetermined transmission period at a predetermined non-transmission interval between adjacent ones of the control signals. The second electric component includes a wireless receiver and a controller. The wireless receiver wirelessly receives the control signal. The controller periodically operates the wireless receiver for at least two predetermined listening periods that each includes a set of predetermined listening periods with a non-listening interval therebetween.

Abstract: A bicycle transmission control device is basically provided with a transmission controller that is programmed to switch between a first control state and a second control state. The bicycle transmission control device operates in accordance with the first control state for controlling a transmission based on a first signal that is input from a first detector, which detects a rotation of a crank. The bicycle transmission control device operates in accordance with the second control state for controlling the transmission based on a second signal that is input from a second detector, which detects a value reflecting a bicycle speed.

Abstract: A bicycle electrical system diagnostic device is provided for a bicycle electrical system in which several electric devices are connected. The diagnostic device includes a connecting section and an electric device recognizing section. The connecting section is configured to be connected to and disconnected from the electrical system. The electric device recognizing section is configured to communicate with the electrical system and recognize any of the electric devices while the connecting section is electrically connected to anyone of the electric devices.

Abstract: An internal-combustion-engine supercharger includes a centrifugal compressor, a pre-compression flow path, a post-compression flow path, a bypass passage, and a control valve. The centrifugal compressor is disposed in an intake passage of an internal combustion engine and has an impeller to compress and discharge intake air using a radial centrifugal force generated by rotating the impeller. The intake air in the post-compression flow path is to be recirculated to the pre-compression flow path via the bypass passage. A connecting portion between the bypass passage and the pre-compression flow path is disposed at a position other than an extreme-bottom surface portion located at a lowest portion in a flow path section of the pre-compression flow path in a state where the internal-combustion-engine supercharger is installed in a vehicle. The control valve is disposed in the bypass passage to control a recirculation flow rate of the intake air.

Abstract: To provide a digital data transmitting apparatus and a digital data receiving apparatus that can realize, even when a transmission channel characteristic changes because of aged deterioration or the like of a relay, improvement of a reception performance following the change. A transmitting apparatus 1 generates a multiplexing frame formed by N slots including control information, data, outer parities, stuff bits, and inner parities and added with synchronization, pilot, and a transmission control signal and a parity and transmits data of the respective slots in a transmission system designated by the transmission control signal. In this case, pilot signals are symbols allocated to all signal points in order determined in advance for each of modulation schemes. A receiving apparatus 2 rewrites a phase error table 214 to calculate a phase error and performs synchronous detection according to the pilot signals. The receiving apparatus 2 also rewrites a likelihood table 235 to perform inner code decoding.

Abstract: A gasket is provided that can effectively alleviate stresses arising therein when at high temperatures. A substantially annular gasket 1 used in coupling an outlet 30 of a turbocharger 3; the gasket 1 includes a gasket face 10 that is an abutting face of the gasket 1 that abuts a flange 31 when the gasket is in a state fitted to the flange 31 of an outlet 30; and the gasket face 10 is an annular shape having the plurality of fastener holes 11A, 13A, 15A and 17A, and in an area between one fastener hole and another fastener hole, the width of a portion H that reaches the highest temperature by exhaust gas channeled by the W/G valve 5 impinging thereon is formed to be the narrowest, and the width gradually increases as approaching towards the one fastener hole or the other fastener hole from the portion.

Abstract: A control device is provided for controlling an electric device on a bicycle. The control device basically includes a bicycle attachment member, an operating member, an operation detection unit and a signal output unit. The operating member includes at least a first operating part and a second operating part. The operating member is rotatably mounted to the attachment member to rotate in a prescribed operation direction. The operation detection unit is arranged to detect selective operation of the first and second operating parts in the operation direction. The signal output unit outputs an actuation signal to actuate the electric device based on a detection result from the operation detection unit.

Abstract: A memory control device for controlling an access from a processing unit to a cache memory, the memory control device includes: an address estimation circuit for receiving a first read address of the cache memory from the processing unit and estimating a second read address on the basis of the first read address; an access start detection circuit for detecting an access start of accessing cache memory at the first read address and outputting an access start signal; a data control circuit for receiving read data from the cache memory and for outputting the read data to the processing unit; and a clock control circuit for controlling a read clock to be output to the processing unit in response to the access start signal, the processing unit receiving the read data from the data control circuit with the read clock.

Abstract: A bicycle communication adapter is provided with a voltage converting component, a signal converting component and a superimposing component. The voltage converting component is configured to convert a received voltage supplied from a bicycle electrical management system to a converted voltage suitable for at least one of a plurality of electric devices of a bicycle electrical system. The signal converting component is configured to convert a received signal outputted from a bicycle electrical management system into a converted signal compliant with a standard for power line communication. The superimposing component is configured to superimpose the converted signal converted by the signal converting component onto the converted voltage converted by the voltage converting component.

Abstract: A bicycle component operating apparatus is basically provided with a controller. The controller is configured to electrically adjust an input position of at least one operating member for starting operation of at least one bicycle component.

Abstract: Each of a plurality of master devices outputs a speed grade signal indicating a data transfer speed with a data transfer request. An arbiter arbitrates transfer requests and speed grade signals from the plurality of master devices. A clock enable generation circuit generates a clock enable signal with a varying ratio of a valid level according to the speed grade signal arbitrated by the arbiter. A slave device operates upon receiving a clock signal when the clock enable signal is at the valid level, and transfers data according to the transfer request arbitrated by the arbiter. Accordingly, the frequency of the clock signal which causes the slave device to operate may be changed for each transfer request, and a fine control of the power of the slave device may be easily performed. As a result, power consumption of the data processing system may be finely controlled.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to improve adhesion failure associated with “a bubble formation phenomenon” that may occur in an adhesive layer when the thickness of an adhesive agent is increased and “Cratering” which may be caused in the adhesive layer by contaminants or the like present on a material to be adhered. The purpose can be achieved by a powdery adhesive agent comprising thermosetting adhesive particles and a surface control agent, wherein the powdery adhesive agent contains the surface control agent in an amount of 0.1-5.0 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the thermosetting adhesive agent particle and used for the adhesion between a metal plate and a porous material.

Abstract: A method for producing a solid lubricant includes steps of preparing and coating. A phosphate aqueous solution prepared by the step of preparing is an aqueous solution containing at least one of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium dihydrogen phosphate in an amount of 0.5 to 10% by mass. A graphite material is coated with a phosphate using the phosphate aqueous solution. The graphite material is used at a ratio of 40 to 50 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the aqueous solution.

Abstract: An information processing system includes a master module for outputting a transfer state signal in correspondence to a data read instruction when the data read instruction is successively output plural times, the transfer state signal indicating that at least one data read instruction succeeds some one of the data read instructions; and a memory controller for, when receiving the some one of the data read instructions and the corresponding transfer state signal from the master module, supplying data corresponding to the some one of the data read instructions to the master module, while reading data corresponding to the at least one data read instruction, which succeeds the some one of the data read instructions, from a memory and holding the read data in accordance with the received transfer state signal.

Abstract: There is provided a powdery adhesive that is used for adhesion between a metal plate and a porous material. The powdery adhesive includes at least thermosetting adhesive particles and an anti-rust filler. A content of the anti-rust filler is 0.1 to 1.0 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermosetting adhesive particles. The anti-rust filler may be at least one of phosphate and molybdate.

Abstract: A bicycle communication adapter is provided with a voltage converting component, a signal converting component and a superimposing component. The voltage converting component is configured to convert a received voltage supplied from a bicycle electrical management system to a converted voltage suitable for at least one of a plurality of electric devices of a bicycle electrical system. The signal converting component is configured to convert a received signal outputted from a bicycle electrical management system into a converted signal compliant with a standard for power line communication. The superimposing component is configured to superimpose the converted signal converted by the signal converting component onto the converted voltage converted by the voltage converting component.