Abstract: A light-emitting element includes an anode electrode, a QD layer containing QDs, and a cathode electrode, in which the QDs are Cd-free quantum dots having a core-shell structure including a core containing at least Ag, Ga, and at least one of S and Se, and a shell containing at least Zn, and exhibit fluorescence characteristics with a fluorescence full-width at half-maximum of 40 nm or less and a fluorescence quantum yield percentage of 70% or more.

Abstract: A light-emitting element includes an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and a QD layer provided between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, the QD layer containing the QDs. The QDs are AgInxGa1-xSySe1-y-based or ZnAgInxGa1-xSySe1-y-based Cd-free QDs (0?x<1, 0?y?1) and exhibit fluorescence characteristics having a fluorescent half width of 45 nm or less and a fluorescence quantum yield of 35% or more in a green wavelength region to a red wavelength region.

Abstract: The portable tool bracket 20 comprises a mounting portion 21 attached to a portable tool body 10, an insertion portion 22 that is inserted into a guide rail portion 31 provided to a holder 30 held by a body of a user and is detachably attached to the holder 30, and a notch portion 24 for hooking and holding, and the portable tool bracket 20 is attached to a portable tool 1.

Abstract: An element substrate, according to an embodiment of this present invention, capable of detecting the behavior of a liquid at a high sensitivity, comprises: a first electrothermal transducer configured to generate heat to discharge a liquid; at least one temperature detection element arranged near the first electrothermal transducer; and a second electrothermal transducer configured to generate heat in association with a temperature detection operation by the at least one temperature detection element.

Abstract: An element substrate, according to an embodiment of this present invention, capable of detecting the behavior of a liquid at a high sensitivity, comprises: a first electrothermal transducer configured to generate heat to discharge a liquid; at least one temperature detection element arranged near the first electrothermal transducer; and a second electrothermal transducer configured to generate heat in association with a temperature detection operation by the at least one temperature detection element.

Abstract: The liquid ejection head includes a wall member having formed therein a void for communicating between a first liquid chamber and a second liquid chamber; a first energy generation element to eject the liquid in the first liquid chamber; a second energy generation element to eject the liquid in the second liquid chamber; a first electrode arranged in a vicinity of the first energy generation element in the first liquid chamber; a second electrode for forming, between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electric field in liquid inside the first liquid chamber; and a supply port which supplies liquid to the first energy generation element. The wall member includes a channel wall defining a channel through which the second liquid chamber, the void, and the supply port communicate, and the second electrode is arranged between the second liquid chamber and the supply port in the channel.

Abstract: The liquid ejection head includes: a wall member having formed therein a void for communicating between a first liquid chamber and a second liquid chamber; a first energy generation element to eject the liquid in the first liquid chamber; a second energy generation element to eject the liquid in the second liquid chamber; a first electrode is arranged in a vicinity of the first energy generation element in the first liquid chamber; a second electrode for forming, between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electric field in liquid inside the first liquid chamber; and a supply port which supplies liquid to the first energy generation element, wherein the wall member includes a channel wall in which the second liquid chamber, the void, and the supply port communicate, and the second electrode is arranged between the second liquid chamber and the supply port in the channel.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a liquid discharge head, which includes a heat generating resistor that generates thermal energy for discharging a liquid and a covering portion covering the heat generating resistor, includes alternately performing a first voltage application process and a second voltage application process multiple times, and reducing energy applied in the second voltage application process. The first voltage application process includes applying voltage between the covering portion and an electrode through the liquid to dissolve the covering portion in the liquid. The second voltage application process includes reversing relative polarities of the covering portion and the electrode in the first voltage application process and applying voltage between the covering portion and the electrode. Energy applied in the second voltage application process is reduced such that the energy applied is less than energy applied in the first voltage application process of an immediately preceding time.

Abstract: Systems, methods and computer program products for programming data into a multi-plane memory device employ a multi-plane data order. To allow multiple data pages to be programmed without a need to increase the size of page buffers, in some implementations, a data transfer scheme at which the data pages are programmed can be manipulated. Specifically, data across all channels can first be programmed into a first plane of the multi-plane flash memory device in parallel. While the data transfer program operation is in progress, data to be programmed into a succeeding plane (e.g., plane “1”) can be read into and cached in one or more page buffers. After the data transfer program for the first plane is complete, data cached in the page buffers can be immediately latched and programmed into the multi-plane flash memory device.

Abstract: When cleaning is performed to remove kogation, which is deposited on a heat acting portion, by causing an electrochemical reaction through application of a voltage between an upper electrode and an opposing electrode, a wiring located at a periphery of the opposing electrode occludes hydrogen generated during the cleaning, thereby causing hydrogen embrittlement. A unit configured to heat the wiring connected to the opposing electrode is provided, and is driven during the cleaning or after the cleaning, to thereby force hydrogen out of the wiring. Thus, the hydrogen embrittlement of the wiring is suppressed.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a liquid ejection head, including a flow path forming member forming a liquid flow path, a heat generating resistive element, and a coating layer covering the heat generating resistive element and in contact with the liquid, in which the heat generating resistive element is made to generate heat and the liquid is made to be ejected from ejection ports, the method including: applying a voltage to the coating layer to produce an electrochemical reaction between the coating layer and the liquid, and causing the coating layer to be eluted into the liquid, thereby removing kogation deposited on the coating layer; and causing the heat generating resistive element to generate heat and causing the liquid to be ejected from the ejection ports while a voltage is applied to the coating layer continuously or intermittently, thereby eliminating air bubbles generated due to the electrochemical reaction.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head has a chamber wall member forming a liquid chamber and a discharge head substrate containing a laminate of a base substrate having a surface for an element generating energy for discharging liquid. A first and second layer is formed contacting the wall. The second layer has adhesiveness with the chamber wall member higher than adhesiveness of the first layer, forming the liquid chamber with the chamber wall member. The first layer has a portion exposed from the second layer as viewed from a first direction orthogonal to the surface and contacting the chamber wail member at a position distant from the liquid chamber in a second direction orthogonal to the inner surface of the wall relative to a portion where the wall and second layer contact, and the length in the second direction of the portion of the first layer is 0.3 ?m or more.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a substrate and a flow path forming member. Energy generating elements that generate energy with which a liquid is ejected are formed on the substrate. The flow path forming member is disposed on the substrate and a flow path which encloses the energy generating elements is formed using the flow path forming member. Plural ejection ports that are in communication with the flow path are formed in the flow path forming member. A groove portion extending obliquely with respect to an X direction in which adjoining ejection ports are arranged is formed between the adjoining ejection ports in the flow path forming member.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a liquid discharge head, which includes a heat generating resistor that generates thermal energy for discharging a liquid and a covering portion covering the heat generating resistor, includes alternately performing a first voltage application process and a second voltage application process multiple times, and reducing energy applied in the second voltage application process. The first voltage application process includes applying voltage between the covering portion and an electrode through the liquid to dissolve the covering portion in the liquid. The second voltage application process includes reversing relative polarities of the covering portion and the electrode in the first voltage application process and applying voltage between the covering portion and the electrode. Energy applied in the second voltage application process is reduced such that the energy applied is less than energy applied in the first voltage application process of an immediately preceding time.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a liquid discharge head having a substrate provided with a supply port, a heat-generating resistor covered with a covering layer, a liquid chamber forming member configured to form a liquid chamber, and at least one electrode and being configured to discharge liquid supplied to the liquid chamber from the supply port by causing the heat-generating resistor to generate heat, includes applying a voltage to the covering layer and the electrode to cause an electrochemical reaction between the covering layer and the liquid and dissolve the covering layer into the liquid to remove kogations accumulated on the covering layer, in which the covering layer and the electrode to which the voltage is to be applied are not provided in the same liquid chamber having the same cross-sectional area in a direction from the covering layer toward the electrode.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a substrate and a flow-path-forming member that forms a plurality of flow paths and discharge ports that are in communication with the flow paths on the substrate. Liquid is to be discharged from the discharge ports. A space is formed between the plurality of flow paths and is filled with a filling material. In the case where a direction in which the liquid is to be discharged from the discharge ports is an upward direction, a top surface of the filling material is positioned at the same height as a face surface of the flow-path-forming member or is positioned higher than the face surface of the flow-path-forming member in the upward direction.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head has a chamber wall member forming a liquid chamber and a discharge head substrate containing a laminate of a base substrate having a surface for an element generating energy for discharging liquid. A first and second layer is formed contacting the wall. The second layer has adhesiveness with the chamber wall member higher than adhesiveness of the first layer, forming the liquid chamber with the chamber wall member. The first layer has a portion exposed from the second layer as viewed from a first direction orthogonal to the surface and contacting the chamber wail member at a position distant from the liquid chamber in a second direction orthogonal to the inner surface of the wall relative to a portion where the wall and second layer contact, and the length in the second direction of the portion of the first layer is 0.3 ?m or more.

Abstract: When cleaning is performed to remove kogation, which is deposited on a heat acting portion, by causing an electrochemical reaction through application of a voltage between an upper electrode and an opposing electrode, a wiring located at a periphery of the opposing electrode occludes hydrogen generated during the cleaning, thereby causing hydrogen embrittlement. A unit configured to heat the wiring connected to the opposing electrode is provided, and is driven during the cleaning or after the cleaning, to thereby force hydrogen out of the wiring. Thus, the hydrogen embrittlement of the wiring is suppressed.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a liquid ejection head which includes applying a voltage to a coating layer of the liquid ejection head to cause the coating layer to be eluted in a liquid so that kogation deposited on a coating layer is removed. When removing kogation deposited on the coating layer, temperatures of the liquids in the liquid chambers are selectively changed among a plurality of liquid chambers.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a liquid discharge head having a substrate provided with a supply port, a heat-generating resistor covered with a covering layer, a liquid chamber forming member configured to form a liquid chamber, and at least one electrode and being configured to discharge liquid supplied to the liquid chamber from the supply port by causing the heat-generating resistor to generate heat, includes applying a voltage to the covering layer and the electrode to cause an electrochemical reaction between the covering layer and the liquid and dissolve the covering layer into the liquid to remove kogations accumulated on the covering layer, in which the covering layer and the electrode to which the voltage is to be applied are not provided in the same liquid chamber having the same cross-sectional area in a direction from the covering layer toward the electrode.