Abstract: A three dimensional manufactured product is manufactured A speed of filing an uncured light curing resin in a space for a next layer is enhanced, to improve a manufacturing speed. One surface of a container housing a light curing resin is configured by a gas-permeable sheet that faces the light curing resin, and transmits irradiation light of a light irradiating apparatus, and a light transmitting plate disposed at an outer side of the container from the gas permeable member. A pressurizing chamber controllable in pressure by a pressure controlling apparatus is defined between the gas-permeable sheet and the light transmitting plate. At moving a manufacturing stage, an inside of the pressurizing chamber is de-pressurized to cause the gas-permeable sheet to perform concave surface deformation, and at a time of performing light irradiation, gas in the pressurizing chamber is caused to permeate into the light curing resin by pressurizing.

Abstract: A web forming apparatus includes a drum portion and a second web forming unit. The drum portion has an accommodating chamber capable of accommodating fragments, and accommodating powder supplied from a first supplying unit. The second web forming unit forms a second web by letting a mixture containing the fragments and the powder falling from the drum portion accumulate. The first supplying unit includes a storing chamber for storing the powder and an outlet portion provided below the storing chamber. The powder goes out of the storing chamber via the outlet portion. The drum portion has meshes formed in a net demarcating the accommodating chamber. The powder is able to pass through the meshes. The outlet portion is provided vertically over the net of the drum portion.

Abstract: Provided is a mushroom cultivation medium that easily maintains its shape and that is easy to handle. The mushroom cultivation medium includes cellulose fibers, a binder binding the cellulose fibers to each other, and wood chips mixed with the cellulose fibers.

Abstract: The laser module includes a QCL element and a support member. The QCL element has a first end surface located on a first side in a second direction orthogonal to a stacking direction and a second end surface located on a second side opposite to the first side in the second direction. The substrate has first to fourth substrate-surfaces. The support member has a first portion having a first surface facing at least a portion of the fourth substrate-surface, and a second portion having a second surface facing at least a portion of the first substrate-surface and a third surface located opposite to the second surface in the second direction. At least a part of the terahertz wave generated in the active layer is incident on the second surface of the support member through the substrate and is emitted from the third surface through the inside of the second portion.

Abstract: A photodetection module includes a photodetector and a fixing member. The photodetector includes a semiconductor substrate, a mesa portion, a first contact layer, a second contact layer, and a first electrode formed in a planar shape on a major surface of the semiconductor substrate, and electrically connected to one of the first contact layer and the second contact layer. The fixing member includes an insulating substrate, and a first wiring formed in a planar shape on a major surface of the insulating substrate. A recessed portion is formed in the major surface of the insulating substrate, and at least a part of the mesa portion is disposed inside the recessed portion. The first electrode is electrically connected to the first wiring in a state where the first electrode is in surface contact with the first wiring.

Abstract: A photodetector includes: a semiconductor substrate; a mesa portion formed on a major surface of the semiconductor substrate to extend along an optical waveguide direction; a first contact layer; a second contact layer; a first electrode; and an air bridge wiring electrically connected to the first contact layer and the first electrode. When viewed in a direction perpendicular to the major surface of the semiconductor substrate, a length of the mesa portion in the optical waveguide direction is longer than a length of the mesa portion in a direction perpendicular to the optical waveguide direction. The air bridge wiring is led out from the first contact layer to one side in the direction perpendicular to the optical waveguide direction, and is bridged between the first contact layer and the first electrode.

Abstract: The laser module includes a QCL element, a diffraction grating unit including a movable diffraction grating, a first lens that transmits light emitted from an end surface of the QCL element and light returning from the movable diffraction grating to the QCL element, a second lens that transmits terahertz waves emitted from the QCL element, a first holder, and a package. The first holder has a support surface on which the QCL element is mounted and a side surface connected to the support surface and facing the first lens in a resonance direction. A distance from an intersection point between the side surface and the support surface to the end surface along the resonance direction is smaller than a distance between the intersection point and the first lens along the resonance direction.

Abstract: An optical device of one embodiment outputs light in a short-wavelength range such as a visible range. The optical device includes a UC layer, first and second light-confinement layers, and a resonance mode forming layer. The UC layer contains an upconversion material receiving excitation light in a first wavelength range and outputting light in a second wavelength range. The first light-confinement layer has a characteristic of reflecting part of the second wavelength-range light. The second light-confinement layer has a characteristic of reflecting part of the second wavelength-range light and transmitting the remainder, and is disposed such that the UC layer locates between the first and second light-confinement layers. The resonance mode forming layer locates between the UC layer and the first or second light-confinement layer, includes a base layer and plural modified refractive index regions, and forms a resonance mode of the second wavelength-range light.

Abstract: An advertisement print method includes an advertisement information obtaining step of obtaining, by an advertisement processing apparatus, advertisement information input by an input apparatus, a transaction data selection step of selecting, by the advertisement processing apparatus, N transaction data associated with the advertisement information from a plurality of transaction data stored in an e-commerce database based on the advertisement information and orderer information and receiver information stored in the e-commerce database, N being an integer not less than 1, and a print step of printing, by a print apparatus, an advertisement based on the advertisement information on packing materials of N products specified by the N selected transaction data.

Abstract: Provided is a culture sheet including: a fiber layer including cellulose fibers and a natural bonding agent that bonds the cellulose fibers; and nonwoven paper that supports the fiber layer.

Abstract: A buffer material of the present disclosure is a material including cellulose fibers and a binding material that binds the cellulose fibers, in which the binding material is a natural component and a proportion of the binding material in the buffer material is 10.0% by mass or greater and 30.0% by mass or less. It is preferable that the buffer material of the present disclosure have a thickness of 1.0 mm or greater and 100 mm or less and that the buffer material have a density of 0.02 g/cm3 or greater and 0.20 g/cm3 or less. It is preferable that the binding material contain a shellac resin. It is preferable that a content of lignin in the cellulose fibers be 5.0% by mass or less.

Abstract: A beating spectroscopy device includes: first and second quantum cascade lasers; a quantum cascade detector; and a sample holder configured to hold a sample on an optical path between the second quantum cascade laser and the quantum cascade detector. Lights from the first and second quantum cascade lasers are detected by the quantum cascade detector while a wavelength of the light from the second quantum cascade laser is changed to scan a frequency of a beating signal having a frequency in accordance with a wavelength difference between the lights from the first and second quantum cascade lasers.

Abstract: A web forming apparatus includes a drum portion and a second web forming unit. The drum portion has an accommodating chamber capable of accommodating fragments, and accommodating powder supplied from a first supplying unit. The second web forming unit forms a second web by letting a mixture containing the fragments and the powder falling from the drum portion accumulate. The first supplying unit includes a storing chamber for storing the powder and an outlet portion provided below the storing chamber. The powder goes out of the storing chamber via the outlet portion. The drum portion has meshes formed in a net demarcating the accommodating chamber. The powder is able to pass through the meshes. The outlet portion is provided vertically over the net of the drum portion.

Abstract: A quantum cascade laser includes a semiconductor substrate, an optical waveguide formed on a first surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a temperature adjusting member. The optical waveguide includes a first region and a second region located on one side with respect to the first region in the optical waveguide direction of the optical waveguide. The first region generates a first light having a first wavelength, and the second region generates a second light having a second wavelength. The optical waveguide generates an output light having a frequency corresponding to a difference between the first wavelength and the second wavelength by difference-frequency generation. A recess for suppressing heat transfer between the first region and the second region is formed at a second surface of the semiconductor substrate. The temperature adjusting member includes a first temperature adjusting member for adjusting the temperature of the second region.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a carbon fiber sheet includes a mixing section that mixes a plurality of carbon fibers with a binding material that binds the carbon fibers, a depositing section that deposits a mixture of the carbon fibers and the binding material, and a forming section that forms a fiber sheet by heating a deposit deposited by the depositing section. The forming section includes a heating portion.

Abstract: A laser module including a quantum cascade laser that includes a substrate having a main surface, a first clad layer provided on the main surface, an active layer provided on the first clad layer, and a second clad layer provided on the active layer, and a lens that has a lens plane disposed at a position facing the end surface of the active layer. An end surface of the active layer constitutes a resonator that causes light of a first frequency and light of a second frequency to oscillate, and the active layer is configured to generate a terahertz wave of a differential frequency between the first frequency and the second frequency. The substrate is in direct contact or indirect contact with the lens plane, and the end surface of the active layer is inclined with respect to a portion facing the end surface in the lens plane.