Abstract: An apparatus for testing a circuit board has a holder for holding the circuit board, a detector for detecting the electrical characteristics of the circuit board, and a controller for controlling laser plasma switches. The detector has a path forming unit positioned away from the circuit board by a predetermined gap. The path forming unit forms a first conductive path between a position corresponding to a first test pad on a trace of the circuit board and a first power source, as well as a second conductive path between a position corresponding to a second test pad on another trace of the circuit board and a second power source. The controller emits a laser beam to a first space between the first test pad and the first conductive path and another laser beam toward a second space between the second test pad and the second conductive path, to make the first and second spaces conductive.

Abstract: A recording material for back printing has a transparent substrate; an ink absorbing layer that is provided on the transparent substrate; and a porous ink transmitting layer that is provided on the ink absorbing layer and comprises a filler dispersed in a binder resin, where ink transmitting layer is crosslinked.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is arranged to form an image with laser light emitted from a semiconductor laser source, and is constructed so as to protect the laser source from a breakdown, by regulating electric current flowing to the laser source no matter when an adjusting circuit for adjusting the light amount of the semiconductor laser source is apt to supply the electric current that could break the laser source, to the laser source.

Abstract: A recording sheet adaptable to print an image using pigment ink, on which a smear is hardly generated, is provided. A recording sheet includes an ink permeable layer prepared by adding 3-30 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant including an amine compound as a main component to 30 parts by weight of a water-insoluble component including an inorganic filler and a binder as main components. Ink applied on such an ink permeable layer is directly absorbed into the layer in a depth direction without dispersing in a lateral direction. Therefore, any smear (banding) is hardly generated on a printed image formed on the recording sheet using ink.

Abstract: In a system wherein, a point value is set as a consideration for a service to be offered, a point value to be received as a consideration when a service is given is informed to a service user who desires to receive the service and when the service has been offered, the service provider receives the point value from the service user as the consideration of the service offering, thereby, a service providing system or a processing method of providing services is realized which can provides services more easily to service users.

Abstract: A method for detecting infection with enterohemorrhagic E. coli which comprises holding enterohemorrhagic E. coli lipopolysaccharides on carrier particles, reacting an anti-lipopolysaccharide antibody in samples with the lipopolysaccharides on the carrier particles, and then determining the extent at agglutination of the carrier particles.

Abstract: An ink excellent in ink ejection smoothness from the nozzle of an ink jet printer is provided. The ink can be obtained by adding a colorant to a resin liquid containing either a photoreactive monofunctional monomer or a photoreactive bifunctional monomer or both of them and having a viscosity at 25° C. of from 1.0 mPa·s to 10.5 mPa·s. Moreover, through exposure of the surface of an image printed using this ink to ionizing radiation, the ink is cured and there is provided a firmly printed image. Furthermore, a printed product 1 having a firmly printed image of high quality is provided by printing an image on the surface of an ink-receiving layer 12 the main component of which is such a resin as polyester resin, acryl-styrene resin, epoxy resin, or phenoxy resin using the abovementioned ink.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing a circuit board has a holder for holding the circuit board, a detector for detecting the electrical characteristics of the circuit board, and a controller for controlling laser plasma switches. The detector has a path forming unit positioned away from the circuit board by a predetermined gap. The path forming unit forms a first conductive path between a position corresponding to a first test pad on a trace of the circuit board and a first power source, as well as a second conductive path between a position corresponding to a second test pad on another trace of the circuit board and a second power source. The controller emits a laser beam to a first space between the first test pad and the first conductive path and another laser beam toward a second space between the second test pad and the second conductive path, to make the first and second spaces conductive.

Abstract: A communication module of a controller for outputting a command relating to an operation and a monitor for auxiliaries to be operated and a communication module of a switch gear for generating information relating to a protection and an interlock for the auxiliaries to be operated are connected through a serial transmission cable wires. Each of the switch gears is connected each other through a serial transmission cable wires. By controlling a CPU in the switch gear, an activation of the auxiliaries to be protected which are connected to a power circuit is commanded and then the protection operation and the interlock operation for the auxiliaries to be operated are carried out. A small scale of the apparatus can be attained and the wiring cables can be lessened.

Abstract: An electron beam tester scans a sample with an electron beam to provide a secondary electron image, matches wiring patterns of the secondary electron image with wiring patterns prepared from CAD data, measures voltages of the wiring patterns, and corrects deformation of the secondary electron image. The electron beam tester comprises a pattern matching unit, a wiring pattern tester, a secondary electron image corrector, a wiring pattern inspection unit, and a pattern matching processor. The pattern matching unit simply and quickly matches the wiring patterns of the secondary electron image with the wiring patterns prepared from the CAD data. The wiring pattern tester detects slippage between layers of a multilayered semiconductor chip and correctly positions the electron beam on the chip during a pattern matching operation. The secondary electron image corrector accurately and automatically corrects deformation of the secondary electron image.

Abstract: An Electron Beam Tester which corrects deformation of a secondary electron image produced from scanning a sample with an electron beam. The secondary electron image is stored in a storage unit. Luminance data of the stored image is accumulated to obtain a projected luminance distribution. The projected luminance distribution data is then analyzed by a parallelism evaluation unit to obtain a rotation angle. Then the rotation angle is used to determine maximum parallelism and correct deformation of the secondary electron image by providing deflection control which transforms the deflectors .

Abstract: A magnetic sensor includes a magnetic core, an excitation coil, an oscillator and an excitation circuit, a detection coil, and a latch circuit. The excitation coil is wound on the magnetic core. The oscillator and the excitation circuit repeatedly supply a rectangular wave excitation current having a given polarity to the excitation coil. The detection coil is wound on the magnetic core on which the excitation coil has been wound. The detection coil generates an output signal having peaks of opposite polarities corresponding to magnitudes of a target measurement magnetic field in response to leading and trailing edges of the rectangular wave excitation current.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for testing for the presence of a cytomegalovirus antigen by using an antibody which specifically recognizes cytomegalovirus Lower matrix protein pp65, as a primary antibody, which comprises using an alkaline phosphatase-labeled antibody as a secondary antibody and a method for testing for the presence of a cytomegalovirus antigen which comprises using an alkaline phosphatase-labeled antibody which specifically recognizes cytomegalovirus Lower matrix protein pp65, or (Fab').sub.2 or Fab' fragment of the antibody which specifically recognizes cytomegalovirus Lower matrix protein pp65 as a primary antibody.

Abstract: In a stepping motor, each of four integrally molded annular stators constituting two pairs has an annular plate having a central hole in which a magnet rotor is to be inserted, and pole teeth that form magnetic pole portions separated from the magnet rotor at a predetermined gap. The pole teeth of one annular stator of a given pair extend from the annular plate to be perpendicular to the other of the given pair, and are equidistantly arranged around the central hole to be shifted from the pole teeth of the other annular stator by a half pitch. Mounting holes are formed in each annular plate at predetermined spaces in the circumferential direction, and the mounting holes formed in the annular plates of given annular stators of different pairs that are arranged back to back are located at the same positions. Molded insulating films are formed on surfaces, which do not oppose the magnet rotor, of all the annular stators.

Abstract: A memory management control device and a memory management control method capable of preventing run away of an image processing apparatus caused by a rewrite to a memory, are provided. In rewriting a program stored in a flash memory 402 of a controller 400 included in an image processing apparatus, an operating state detector 500 detects the operating state of the image processing apparatus and transmits the detection result to an external apparatus 9. On the basis of this detected operating state, the external apparatus 9 performs rewrite control for the flash memory 402. If the image processing apparatus is in operation, or is in an intermediate state, an abnormal state, or a wait state, a rewrite action is executed after the state is canceled.

Abstract: A noncombsutible material is produced by making paper from a slurry essentially consisting of a sepiolite as a main material, an inorganic fiber or a glass fiber as a reinforcer, a first binder composed of PAA (polyacrylamide) as a thermoplastic resin, and a second binder composed of EPA (polyamide-polyamine-epichlorohydrine) as a thermosetting resin. The noncombustible material is given incombustibility and water resistance by the main material of the sepiolite, so that its productivity is improved thereby enabling a paper making of low costs.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing a circuit board has a holder for holding the circuit board, a detector for detecting the electrical characteristics of the circuit board, and a controller for controlling laser plasma switches. The detector has a path forming unit positioned away from the circuit board by a predetermined gap. The path forming unit forms a first conductive path between a position corresponding to a first test pad on a trace of the circuit board and a first power source, as well as a second conductive path between a position corresponding to a second test pad on another trace of the circuit board and a second power source. The controller emits a laser beam to a first space between the first test pad and the first conductive path and another laser beam toward a second space between the second test pad and the second conductive path, to make the first and second spaces conductive.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes an image processing unit, a counter, and a determining unit. The image processing unit processes image data between first and second color values of an input image. The counter counts generation frequencies of the respective color values of the input image. The determining unit determines the first and second color values on the basis of the count result obtained by the counter.

Abstract: An electron beam tester scans a sample with an electron beam to provide a secondary electron image, matches wiring patterns of the secondary electron image with wiring patterns prepared from CAD data, measures voltages of the wiring patterns, and corrects deformation of the secondary electron image. The electron beam tester comprises a pattern matching unit, a wiring pattern tester, a secondary electron image corrector, a wiring pattern inspection unit, and a pattern matching processor. The pattern matching unit simply and quickly matches the wiring patterns of the secondary electron image with the wiring patterns prepared from the CAD data. The wiring pattern tester detects slippage between layers of a multilayered semiconductor chip and correctly positions the electron beam on the chip during a pattern matching operation. The secondary electron image corrector accurately and automatically corrects deformation of the secondary electron image.

Abstract: An electron beam apparatus comprises, inside of an objective lens for focussing a primary electron beam e1 and irradiating it on a sample surface, a secondary electron energy analyzer having a retarding mesh electrode for analyzing the energy of a secondary electron e2 emitted from a point on the sample surface at which the primary electron beam e1 is irradiated. The secondary electron energy analyzer comprises a collimation unit for forming one or more electrostatic lenses by a nonuniform electrical field distribution and for having an electrostatic lens collimate the trajectory of a secondary electron e2 for its injection into a retarding grids (mesh electrode). The collimation unit comprises at least three cylindrical electrodes positioned between the sample surface and the retarding grid (mesh electrode) and numbered first, second and third from the one closest to the sample surface.