Abstract: There is disclosed an image processing apparatus capable of identifying and converting a predetermined color in the input image into a predetermined density, whereby the color in the original image can be identified in a monochromatic image by the density. The apparatus is provided with a discrimination unit for identifying a predetermined color in the input image, a first image processing unit for applying a first image processing to the input image according to the result of discrimination by the discrimination unit, a second image processing unit for applying a second image processing to the input image, and a control unit for invalidating the second image processing in an area in which the image processing is conducted by the first image processing unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an input unit, a color discriminating unit, a pattern generating unit, and an image forming unit. The input unit inputs an image having a plurality of colors. The discriminating unit discriminates the colors of the image input from the input unit. The pattern generating unit generates a pattern image in accordance with the discrimination result obtained by the discriminating unit. The image forming unit forms the pattern image, generated by the pattern generating unit, on a recording medium. The image forming unit forms the pattern image in different colors in accordance with the discrimination result obtained by the discriminating unit.

Abstract: A method of measuring a voltage with an electron beam apparatus considers a change in a convergence factor due to a change in an S curve, as well as an error in a secondary electron signal level with a phase of measurement being scanned at random, to accurately measure the voltage. The method measures the voltage of a voltage measuring spot on a sample, prepares an analytic voltage by superimposing a probe voltage having an average of 0 V and no correlation with the measured voltage on the measured voltage, measures a secondary electron signal level with the analytic voltage, computes a convergence factor around a slice level set on the S curve according to a correlation between the secondary electron signal level and the probe voltage and according to an autocorrelation of the probe voltage, and updates the analytic voltage according to the convergence factor, thereby updating the measured voltage.

Abstract: A measuring circuit with a simple circuit configuration is capable of correcting dispersion of a characteristic of a display apparatus and of displaying the measurement result. The measuring circuit comprises an edge detecting circuit, for outputting an edge detection signal synchronous with clock pulses by performing sampling on an input signal, the sampling being performed using clock pulses having a frequency higher than a frequency of the input signal, a gate circuit outputting a first factor when receiving the edge detection signal from the edge detection circuit, a digital integrating filter circuit for outputting a signal having digital values converging to values corresponding to the frequency of the input signal by timing sampling operation based on cycles of the clock pulses.

Abstract: A probing device includes a minute probe in which at least an end portion is formed by conductive material, a cantilever having one end to which the probe is attached, and another end fixed to a moving member movable relatively to a sample in each direction of X, Y and Z, a unit for moving the moving member relatively to the sample, a transducing unit for generating information of voltage or current by means of light, a connecting unit having a low electric resistance, for connecting the transducing unit and the end portion of the probe, a detecting unit for detecting a change in a physical amount occurring in the cantilever by a force caused between the probe and the sample by a relative proximity of the moving member to the sample, and a voltage measuring unit for measuring a voltage at a measurement point on the sample, which is determined based on an output of the detecting unit, by way of the transducing unit when the probe is contacted with the measurement point.

Abstract: A method of measuring a voltage with an electron beam apparatus considers a change in a convergence factor due to a change in an S curve, as well as an error in a secondary electron signal level with a phase of measurement being scanned at random, to accurately measure the voltage. The method measures the voltage of a voltage measuring spot on a sample, prepares an analytic voltage by superimposing a probe voltage having an average of 0 V and no correlation with the measured voltage on the measured voltage, measures a secondary electron signal level with the analytic voltage, computes a convergence factor around a slice level set on the S curve according to a correlation between the secondary electron signal level and the probe voltage and according to an autocorrelation of the probe voltage, and updates the analytic voltage according to the convergence factor, thereby updating the measured voltage.

Abstract: An indicator control circuit includes a signal conversion circuit for converting an analog signal corresponding to a predetermined physical quantity into first digital data and a digital filter circuit for generating second digital data from the first digital data in accordance with a predetermined filter characteristic. An intermediate digital data is obtained during a process in which the second digital data is generated from the first digital data. The digital filter circuit includes operating circuit for operating the intermediate digital data so that a relationship between the first digital data and the second digital data has a hysteresis. The second digital data generated by the digital filter circuit is used for indicating the predetermined physical quantity on an indicator.

Abstract: A knob for operating a fader as an electronic device of a car stereo is rotatably and axially slidably mounted on a grille detachably attached to a car stereo body. A wall of the car stereo body facing the grille when attached thereto, has an opening through which the knob passes. A manually rotated operating shaft of the fader is disposed inside the body of the car stereo behind the opening. When the knob is pushed into the body through the opening, the knob is coupled with the operating shaft of the fader with respect to the rotating direction and axial direction of the knob.

Abstract: A cross coil type instrument includes a plurality of coils cross-arranged around a movable permanent magnet, a needle fastened to the movable permanent magnet through a shaft projecting from the movable permanent magnet and penetrating the coils, a reset-to-zero permanent magnet arranged in the vicinity of the movable permanent magnet, and a stopper so as to make contact with the needle at a reference indication position when the movable permanent magnet is driven only by the reset-to-zero permanent magnet.

Abstract: A non-resonating type knock sensor for an internal combustion engine is disclosed which has an annular piezoelectric element secured within a case on which a connector is integrally formed to send a piezoelectric voltage signal generated from the piezoelectric element outside of the sensor. The piezoelectric element has a non-polarized portion at a position adjacent to the connector so that a vibration transmitted from the connector to the piezoelectric element does not substantially cause the piezoelectric element to generate an electrical output.

Abstract: A driving circuit for driving a crossed-coil type instrument used for reading a physical quantity in which a pair of windings surrounding a movable magnet carrying a pointer needle thereon are disposed to cross each other with a predetermined mechanical angle. The driving circuit comprises a digital data conversion circuit supplied with an electrical signal representing the physical quantity to be measured for producing a digital data representing the electrical signal, a pulse data producing circuit supplied with the digital data for producing a number of pulses in correspondence with the digital data, and a drive signal generating circuit supplied with the pulses for generating first and second analog drive signals therefrom. The driving signals are respectively supplied to the first and second windings for moving the magnet disposed in the first and second windings.

Abstract: A servo type accelerometer comprises a photoelectric element which is made of a single packaged element and has two separated photoelectric parts, a light-emitting element opposite to the photoelectric element, a pendulum having a member for limiting an optical path of light emitted by the light-emitting element, the member being arranged between the photoelectric element and the light-emitting element, and a frame for supporting the pendulum. The accelerometer further comprises a detection unit for detecting a rotational displacement of the pendulum corresponding to acceleration by use of output signals of the photoelectric parts to produce a detection signal corresponding to the rotational displacement, and torque generating unit for generating a torque corresponding to the detection signal to drive the pendulum towards its original position.

Abstract: A method of molding a plastic is initiated by injecting molten resin into a mold at a high pressure. The energy of the high pressure is partially stored in the form of elongation of tie bars of a molding machine. After the gate seals completely, the restoring force of the tie bars due to elastic deformation acts on the molded article as the mold article cools down. Each tie bar comprises a first member having a small modulus of elasticity and a second member. When the elongation of each tie bar is small, only the first member of small modulus of elasticity works. After the elongation reaches a certain amount of .DELTA.l.sub.1, the two members are connected parallel. As a result, the apparent modulus of elasticity of each tie bar increases rapidly. This makes it possible to mold a plastic with high dimensional accuracy.

Abstract: A synthetic resin pen unit has a cylindrical outer annular member with inwardly extending bent and straight members. Each bent member has a base portion extending from the inner wall so that it is inclined with respect to a phantom line connecting the base of the bent member to the central axis of the cylindrical member. Ink grooves are formed between the inwardly extending members. The flexibility of the pan unit is a function of the percentage of bent members so that by proper selection and arrangement the pen characteristics can be optimized.

Abstract: There is disclosed a protecting apparatus for a secondary excitation type variable speed AC generator/motor having a primary winding connected to an electric power system and a secondary winding each phase of which is AC excited by an independent power converter unit. The protecting apparatus is arranged to detect an electrical event which includes at least one of an overvoltage and overcurrent appearing at each phase of the secondary winding of the AC generator/motor, to decide whether the detected electrical event meets a predetermined condition and to close, when the electrical event detected in respect to any of phases of the secondary winding is decided as meeting the predetermined condition, a switch circuit connected in the corresponding phase of the secondary winding.

Abstract: A strobo electron beam apparatus is provided having an energy analyzer, which: measures the voltage in the integrated circuit; samples a secondary electron signal by setting and connecting a retarding voltage of the energy analyzer to the measured phase; obtains the waveform of the secondary electron signal by a one time or several times phase scanning; and adds the product of a suitable coefficient and a difference between the secondary electron signal waveform, and a slice level to the retarding voltage and corrects the same. Multiple units are provided for: judging the conversion of the retarding voltage, from the value of the dispersion for the slice level of the secondary electron signal waveform; for adding and giving a mean of the retarding voltage, for obtaining a measured value of retarding voltage having a desired S/N ratio; and for random phase scanning so that the measured value having a desired S/N ratio can be easily obtained.

Abstract: A control system for controlling the load of an AC motor/generator of secondary AC excitation type connected to a power system in parallel to at least a synchronous machine. The AC motor/generator has the secondary excitation winding thereof controlled in the amount of excitation so as to generate an output in accordance with an external output command. In the case of variation of power flow between the power system and the synchronous machine, the output command is corrected in accordance with the variation, and the amount of the secondary excitation is controlled by the corrected output command, whereby the variation of power flow between the power system and the synchronous machine is absorbed by the AC motor/generator thereby to prevent the synchronous machine from stepping out.

Abstract: A synthetic resin pen unit has a cylindrical outer annular member with inwardly extending bent and straight members. Each bent member has a base portion extending from the inner wall so that it is inclined with respect to a phantom line connecting the base of the bent member to the central axis of the cylindrical member. Ink grooves are formed between the inwardly extending members. The flexibility of the pen unit is a function of the percentage of bent members so that by proper selection and arrangement the pen characteristics can be optimized.

Abstract: There is provided an optical disc of high reliability, with the recording film protected from deterioration. The optical disc of this invention is produced by forming a tellurium suboxide film or optomagnetic recording film on a substrate made by injection molding from a polycarbonate resin. The substrate is made from a polycarbonate resin containing a phosphite ester-based antioxidant in a specific low amount.

Abstract: In a piezoelectric pressure indicator comprising a casing, a pressure receiving member at the bottom of the casing, piezoelectric elements mounted on the pressure receiving member, an acceleration compensating weight and acceleration compensating piezoelectric elements, both piezoelectric elements being connected such that the voltage produced thereby cancel with each other, thereby compensating for an effect of acceleration, an uppermost acceleration compensating element is formed with a perforation, and a lead wire for deriving the voltage is connected to the electrode of a lower imperforate acceleration compensating piezoelectric element to extend through the perforation of the imperforated element. In a modification, the pressure receiving member is covered by a heat resistant protective layer made of ceramic.