Abstract: A three dimensional manufactured product is manufactured A speed of filing an uncured light curing resin in a space for a next layer is enhanced, to improve a manufacturing speed. One surface of a container housing a light curing resin is configured by a gas-permeable sheet that faces the light curing resin, and transmits irradiation light of a light irradiating apparatus, and a light transmitting plate disposed at an outer side of the container from the gas permeable member. A pressurizing chamber controllable in pressure by a pressure controlling apparatus is defined between the gas-permeable sheet and the light transmitting plate. At moving a manufacturing stage, an inside of the pressurizing chamber is de-pressurized to cause the gas-permeable sheet to perform concave surface deformation, and at a time of performing light irradiation, gas in the pressurizing chamber is caused to permeate into the light curing resin by pressurizing.

Abstract: A three dimensional manufactured product is manufactured A speed of filing an uncured light curing resin in a space for a next layer is enhanced, to improve a manufacturing speed. One surface of a container housing a light curing resin is configured by a gas-permeable sheet that faces the light curing resin, and transmits irradiation light of a light irradiating apparatus, and a light transmitting plate disposed at an outer side of the container from the gas permeable member. A pressurizing chamber controllable in pressure by a pressure controlling apparatus is defined between the gas-permeable sheet and the light transmitting plate. At moving a manufacturing stage, an inside of the pressurizing chamber is de-pressurized to cause the gas-permeable sheet to perform concave surface deformation, and at a time of performing light irradiation, gas in the pressurizing chamber is caused to permeate into the light curing resin by pressurizing.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device, including: a photoelectric conversion substrate having a plurality of photoelectric conversion portions and a microlens array arranged on the plurality of photoelectric conversion portions; a light-transmitting plate covering the microlens array; and a film arranged between the microlens array and the light-transmitting plate, wherein the film has a refractive index within a range from 1.05 to 1.15, an average transmittance of light in a wavelength region within a range from 400 nm to 700 nm of 98.5% or higher, and a film thickness within a range from 500 nm to 5000 nm.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device, including: a photoelectric conversion substrate having a plurality of photoelectric conversion portions and a microlens array arranged on the plurality of photoelectric conversion portions; a light-transmitting plate covering the microlens array; and a film arranged between the microlens array and the light-transmitting plate, wherein the film has a refractive index within a range from 1.05 to 1.15, an average transmittance of light in a wavelength region within a range from 400 nm to 700 nm of 98.5% or higher, and a film thickness within a range from 500 nm to 5000 nm.

Abstract: A three dimensional manufactured product is manufactured A speed of filing an uncured light curing resin in a space for a next layer is enhanced, to improve a manufacturing speed. One surface of a container housing a light curing resin is configured by a gas-permeable sheet that faces the light curing resin, and transmits irradiation light of a light irradiating apparatus, and a light transmitting plate disposed at an outer side of the container from the gas permeable member. A pressurizing chamber controllable in pressure by a pressure controlling apparatus is defined between the gas-permeable sheet and the light transmitting plate. At moving a manufacturing stage, an inside of the pressurizing chamber is de-pressurized to cause the gas-permeable sheet to perform concave surface deformation, and at a time of performing light irradiation, gas in the pressurizing chamber is caused to permeate into the light curing resin by pressurizing.

Abstract: A method of producing a material capable of electrochemically storing and releasing a large amount of lithium ions is provided. The material is used as an electrode material for a negative electrode, and includes silicon or tin primary particles composed of crystal particles each having a specific diameter and an amorphous surface layer formed of at least a metal oxide, having a specific thickness. Gibbs free energy when the metal oxide is produced by oxidation of a metal is smaller than Gibbs free energy when silicon or tin is oxidized, and the metal oxide has higher thermodynamic stability than silicon oxide or tin oxide. The method of producing the electrode material includes reacting silicon or tin with a metal oxide, reacting a silicon oxide or a tin oxide with a metal, or reacting a silicon compound or a tin compound with a metal compound to react with each other.

Abstract: A method of producing a material capable of electrochemically storing and releasing a large amount of lithium ions is provided. The material is used as an electrode material for a negative electrode, and includes silicon or tin primary particles composed of crystal particles each having a specific diameter and an amorphous surface layer formed of at least a metal oxide, having a specific thickness. Gibbs free energy when the metal oxide is produced by oxidation of a metal is smaller than Gibbs free energy when silicon or tin is oxidized, and the metal oxide has higher thermodynamic stability than silicon oxide or tin oxide. The method of producing the electrode material includes reacting silicon or tin with a metal oxide, reacting a silicon oxide or a tin oxide with a metal, or reacting a silicon compound or a tin compound with a metal compound to react with each other.

Abstract: A production process of a light amount adjustment member, by which a cheap light amount adjustment member hating excellent optical properties can be simply produced is provided. A light amount adjustment device and a photographing apparatus which are cheap, have excellent optical properties and are equipped with the light amount adjustment member are provided by providing the simple production process of the light amount adjustment member. The production process comprises the step of relatively scanning an ink-jet head, from which an ink is ejected on a transparent base material, on the surface of which an ink-receiving layer has been formed, to the transparent base material to apply the ink to the ink-receiving layer, thereby forming a light amount adjustment region, wherein in the step of forming the light amount adjustment region, the ink is ejected from the ink-jet head in such a manner that the ink is applied to the whole light amount adjustment region.

Abstract: Provided is an electrode structure having a high power density and being superior in repetitive charge/discharge efficiency and an electric energy storage device using the electrode structure. The electrode structure includes an electrode material layer including an electrode material including active material particles containing at least one of silicon, tin and alloys containing at least one of them, and a binder binding the active material particles, the binder has the following characteristics: tensile modulus: 2000 MPa or more, breaking strength: 100 MPa or more, break elongation: 20% to 120% and the ratio of breaking strength/break elongation >1.4 (MPa/%), and an average particle size of the particles is 0.5 ?m or less, the electrode structure has a maximum thermal history temperature less than 350° C. and lower than the glass transition temperature of the binder. The electric energy storage device uses, as its negative electrode, the electrode structure.

Abstract: A production process of a light amount adjustment member, by which a light amount adjustment member that can sufficiently satisfy optical properties can be economically produced at low production cost and high yield by a simple operation is provided. In addition, a wide variety of light amount adjustment devices and photographing apparatus equipped with a light amount adjustment member are cheaply provided while achieving satisfactory optical properties. The production process of the light amount adjustment member comprises the step of applying a coloring liquid containing a coloring material to a transparent base material using a liquid jet recording process to form a light amount adjustment region having a particular optical density.

Abstract: A method of producing a material capable of electrochemically storing and releasing a large amount of lithium ions is provided. The material is used as an electrode material for a negative electrode, and includes silicon or tin primary particles composed of crystal particles each having a specific diameter and an amorphous surface layer formed of at least a metal oxide, having a specific thickness. Gibbs free energy when the metal oxide is produced by oxidation of a metal is smaller than Gibbs free energy when silicon or tin is oxidized, and the metal oxide has higher thermodynamic stability than silicon oxide or tin oxide. The method of producing the electrode material includes reacting silicon or tin with a metal oxide, reacting a silicon oxide or a tin oxide with a metal, or reacting a silicon compound or a tin compound with a metal compound to react with each other.

Abstract: It is an object of this invention to independently control the F-number and the number of light attenuation steps of a multi-density ND filter by using a light amount control apparatus using an iris stop and the ND filter. The iris stop mechanism made up of a plurality of aperture blades and the ND filter having a multi-density pattern are stacked in a single unit. This simultaneously realizes continuous control of the F-number, multi-step control of the light attenuation ratio of the ND filter, a substantially circular stop aperture, and a uniform transmittance distribution in the stop aperture. In the first embodiment, the driving region of an actuator is divided into an ND control region and aperture control region. This makes it possible to independently control the F-number and the number of ND steps by the single actuator.

Abstract: An optical filter is disclosed which adjusts the contours of blurred images and maintains the size of blurred images. The optical filter includes a substrate being substantially transparent and a first layer whose optical density changes continuously, formed on the substrate. A transmission rate of the first layer decreases substantially linearly from a center toward a periphery of the optical filter, and the transmission rate distribution is symmetric with respect to the center.

Abstract: A light amount adjustment member, which causes little deterioration of image quality by diffraction at a grain boundary between ink dots in a colored portion, can be simply produced at low production cost and high yield. The light amount adjustment member has a density distribution such that an optical density varies continuously or stepwise. The process comprises steps of providing a transparent base material having a receptive layer comprised of a material capable of absorbing a coloring liquid and containing a resin and crosslinking agent, applying the coloring liquid to the layer using an ink-jet recording method to form a light amount adjustment region having a particular optical density region, storing the layer under a prescribed environment after application of the coloring liquid to the layer to cause dots formed by the coloring liquid to bleed and crosslinking the resin contained in the layer by the crosslinking agent.

Abstract: Provided is a recording medium comprising an ink-receiving layer provided on at least one face of a base material, wherein a surface of the ink-receiving has the maximum specular glossiness within a measurement angle range of from 20° to 60°.

Abstract: An optical filter which can be manufactured at low cost and is excellent in optical characteristics is disclosed. The optical filter has a transparent substrate and a first layer which is formed on the surface of the transparent substrate. Here, the first layer has a first area which is substantially transparent and a second area which has colored ink and is light-amount adjustable, and the optical path lengths with respect to the first and the second areas are substantially equal.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a color filter with a color portion formed in at least one recess portion surrounded by partition walls on a substrate and a protective layer formed on the color portion and the partition walls. A thickness of the color portion is 20% to 80% of a thickness of the partition walls, and a thickness of a first protective layer formed on the partition walls is smaller than a thickness of a second protective layer formed on the color portion. In addition, a counter substrate faces the color filter, a liquid crystal layer exists between the color filter and the counter substrate, and a spacer is arranged on the first protective layer formed on the partition walls.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention relates to an aqueous dispersion containing pigment-containing particles. The dispersion is an aqueous dispersion comprising particles containing a water-insoluble colorant dispersed in a water-containing medium, wherein the light-scattering intensity of the dispersion is at most 30,000 cps when the absorbance peak value of the dispersion in a visible region is regarded as 1.

Abstract: There is disclosed a light amount adjustment apparatus for adjusting a state of a flux passed through an aperture having a predetermined aperture diameter, the apparatus comprising: a light amount adjustment member in which a first region having a predetermined transmittance to the flux and a second region for blocking the flux are disposed on the same base material. In the light amount adjustment apparatus, although an optical filter is integrally constituted with a diaphragm blade, there is little positional shift of an ND filter, a shape of the ND filter has a degree of freedom, deterioration of resolution of an image is improved for use in optical apparatuses such as a photographing apparatus, optical properties are superior, the whole apparatus can be miniaturized, and cost reduction of a product can be achieved.

Abstract: An ink which includes a first pigment, a second pigment, a polymer dispersant and an aqueous medium; wherein the first pigment is a self-dispersing pigment having on its surface at least one anionic group bonded to the surface directly or via an atomic group, the second pigment is dispersed in the aqueous medium by the polymer dispersant, and the polymer dispersant contains benzylmethacrylate as a monomer unit. Diffusion of this ink in the printing medium is suppressed in the cross-sectional direction but not horizontal direction. Thus, the ink can form an ink dot that has a proper dot size, uniform and high density in the dot, with little feathering or blur.