Abstract: A control apparatus for an input-output device includes a hardware part and a software part, in which a controller in the hardware part carries out a control operation in accordance with a signal from the input-output device, outputs a result of the control operation to a process, and has a timer unit to be excited at a constant period; and the software part has an information process part, a control process part, and an interrupt control unit to switch over the information process part and control process part one another, in which the interrupt control unit suspends an execution of the information process part to execute the control process part in priority and resume the information process part by switching over to the information process part from the control process part, when the execution of the control process part is terminated.

Abstract: Input-output devices are prevented from conducting false output due to faulty operation by providing an input-output control apparatus configured to store input-output values to be used by a processor to conduct arithmetic operation in a mode having a relatively high safety requirement, in a first storage area, store input-output values to be used by the processor to conduct arithmetic operation in a mode having a relatively low safety requirement, in a second storage area, and restrict copying to the first storage area, copying from the first storage area, copying to the second storage area, or copying from the second storage area according to the mode concerning the safety requirement.

Abstract: This apparatus for manufacturing semiconductor substrates has support disks and holding units holding semiconductor substrates on the support disks. The holding unit has a stopper which is formed of a conductive material and holds the brim of the semiconductor substrate, a stopper holder which supports the stopper at the outer circumferential portion thereof, a retaining member which retains the stopper to the support disk, and a heating unit which heats the stopper.

Abstract: Input-output devices are prevented from conducting false output due to faulty operation by providing an input-output control apparatus configured to store input-output values to be used by a processor to conduct arithmetic operation in a mode having a relatively high safety requirement, in a first storage area, store input-output values to be used by the processor to conduct arithmetic operation in a mode having a relatively low safety requirement, in a second storage area, and restrict copying to the first storage area, copying from the first storage area, copying to the second storage area, or copying from the second storage area according to the mode concerning the safety requirement.

Abstract: This apparatus for manufacturing semiconductor substrates has support disks and holding units holding semiconductor substrates on the support disks. The holding unit has a stopper which is formed of a conductive material and holds the brim of the semiconductor substrate, a stopper holder which supports the stopper at the outer circumferential portion thereof, a retaining member which retains the stopper to the support disk, and a heating unit which heats the stopper.

Abstract: The system has, provided in a sending device, a generator generating transmission data including data, a data error detection code generated from the data and a safety flag indicating a degree of reliability, and transmission data; has, provided in a receiving device, a plurality of components of extracting transmission data, a safety flag, and a data error detection code from a received frame, and detecting a data error, a comparator comparing the matching of a plurality of received frames, and a selector selecting one received frame, from the frame error detection result, the safety flag, the data error detection result, and the matching comparison result; and determines the validity of transmitted data by the detection corresponding to the degree of reliability set with the safety flag.

Abstract: In a synchronization system adopted in a synchronous-multisystem control apparatus comprising a plurality of systems operating synchronously with each other at a fixed control period, the synchronous-multisystem control apparatus can be operated in a single-system mode in the event of failures occurring simultaneously in some of the systems. The synchronous-multisystem control apparatus employs a plurality of control circuits each provided for one of the systems.

Abstract: Processed results are received when processors make compatible computations on data of a common object. A computation command signal is generated and fed to the processors in response to a start signal from any one of the processors so that the processors can make computations with different operation timings. Then, the results of the computations made by the processors are compared with each other. Thus, apparatus capable of small size, high performance and safety at the same time can be achieved by the above construction using the processors.

Abstract: A substrate is formed of AlxGa1-xN, wherein 0<x?1. The substrate is a single crystal and is used producing a Group III nitride semiconductor device. A method for producing a substrate of AlxGa1-xN, wherein 0<x?1, includes the steps of forming a layer of AlxGa1-xN, wherein 0<x?1, on a base material and removing the base material. The method adopts the MOCVD method using a raw material molar ratio of a Group V element to Group III element that is 1000 or less, a temperature of 1200° C. or more for forming the layer of AlxGa1-xN, wherein 0<x?1. The base material is formed of one member selected from the group consisting of sapphire, SiC, Si, ZnO and Ga2O3. The substrate is used for fabricating a Group II nitride semiconductor device.

Abstract: In a synchronization system adopted in a synchronous-multisystem control apparatus comprising a plurality of systems operating synchronously with each other at a fixed control period, the synchronous-multisystem control apparatus can be operated in a single-system mode in the event of failures occurring simultaneously in some of the systems.

Abstract: In a synchronization system adopted in a synchronous-multisystem control apparatus including a plurality of systems operating synchronously with each other at a fixed control period, the synchronous-multisystem control apparatus can be operated in a single-system mode in the event of failures occurring simultaneously in some of the systems. The synchronous-multisystem control apparatus employs a plurality of control circuits each provided for one of the systems.

Abstract: A replicated controller and a fault recovery method therefor which can restore a faulty system to a normal state without interrupting operation of an equipment, even in an equipment controller performing processing with short operating periods.In a fault recovery method for a replicated controller, control data is divided into a plurality of blocks on the basis of dependency of the blocks, and a plurality of blocks are transferred in a sequential order of superiority of the dependency from the normally operating system to the faulty system in a period over a plurality of operating periods. BY this, even in an equipment controller performing processing at a short operating period, the system, in which failure is caused, can be restored into normal state without interrupting operation of the equipment.

Abstract: A semiconductor power conversion system comprising a multiphase bridge circuit which includes semiconductor devices having a controllable firing function and a reverse blocking characteristic, a gate control circuit which gives firing commands to the semiconductor devices, a short circuiting switch in which switching devices having a controllable firing function and a reverse blocking characteristic are connected in parallel with a DC output side of the multiphase bridge circuit, and a protection control device for performing a control for protecting the multiphase bridge circuit.

Abstract: A control system for an AC excited synchronous machine for use in an electricity generator/motor system. The AC excited synchronous machine can be driven not only in a variable-speed operation based on 2-axis current control but also in a constant exciting frequency operation based on only direct-axis current component control. A phase signal is switched to drive stably the AC excited synchronoius machine in a self-excited operation or in a rotary phase modifying operation. Further, when it is desired to start pumping-up water, a synchronizing power is provided to keep constant the rotational speed of the machine at the time of establishing a desired water pressure. Because of the switching arrangement of the phase signal, the AC excited synchronous machine can be operated as an ordinary synchronous machine exhibiting ordinary synchronous characteristics, that is, self-excited operation characteristics, rotary phase modifying operation characteristics and pumping-up start characteristics.

Abstract: An improved electric power conversion system comprising a multi-phase bridge circuit composed of semiconductors such as thyristors and an associated firing circuit. It is so constructed that: if the AC input current Iac flowing in the bridge circuit is equal to or larger in value that the DC output current Idc flowing out of the bridge circuit, it will be decided than an inner defect or fault is caused, and possible expansion of inner defect will be prevented by disabling the firing circuit to extinguish the thyristors in the bridge circuit, and if the AC input current Iac is smaller than the DC output current Idc in value, the bridge is permitted to continue the operation of power conversion, thus eliminating unnecessary interruption which otherwise would be caused by exterior disturbances. Also, an improved electric power conversion system may be equipped with a device to prevent an adverse effect from being caused by abnormal rise of thyristors' temperature.

Abstract: An AC-excited generator/motor apparatus comprising; an AC-excited generator/motor having an armature mounting thereon; an armature winding connected to an AC power system and a rotor mounting thereon; and an exciting winding excited by an AC current. An exciting device for supplying a controlled AC exciting current to the exciting winding comprises; a device for calculating a real slip frequency based on a difference between the phase of an armature voltage appearing on the armature winding and the rotational phase of the rotor; and a device for controlling the exciting current supplied to the exciting winding from the exciting means in response to a deviation of the real slip frequency from a predetermined allowable range of slip frequencies so as to restore the real slip frequency within the allowable range of slip frequencies.

Abstract: A generator-motor apparatus with economical protection measures for use in a variable speed pumping-up electric power plant, having a main transformer, a secondary winding of which is coupled to an electric power system, a power system breaker connected to a primary winding of the main transformer, a syncronizing breaker connected in series with the power system breaker, a generator-motor, a rotor of which is mechanically coupled to the pump-turbine and an armature winding of which is connected to the power system through the synchronizing breaker, the power system breaker and the main transformer, and an excitation circuit, including a frequency converter for supplying a field winding of the generator-motor with AC voltage of the variable frequency and a converter transformer for feeding the converter, which is branched from a junction of the power system breaker and the synchronizing breaker.

Abstract: A control system for a variable speed water turbine generator apparatus includes a first function generator that is responsive to an output command signal. The first function generator produces a rotation number command signal. A speed adjuster produces an output signal in accordance with a different signal between the first function generator output and an actual rotation number. An adder adds the generator output command signal to the speed adjuster output signal to determine an overall output command signal. An output aduster produces an output signal in accordance with a difference between the adder output and an actual power output of the generator for controlling the firing angles of the frequency converter. A second function generator, responsive to the generator output command signal, determines an opening command signal for the variable opening vanes.

Abstract: An induction generator/motor system has an induction machine connected at its secondary side to a cyclo-converter. An induced voltage develops when the cyclo-converter pauses during a transient phenomenon occurring in the system. When the induced voltage exceeds a predetermined voltage range which covers the maximum output voltage derivable from the cyclo-converter, the polarity of thyristor converters of the cyclo-converter is switched such that the induced voltage is applied to a thyristor converter to be rendered conductive next in forward relationship therewith, thereby preventing occurrence of an overvoltage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control apparatus for a variable-speed hydraulic power generating system comprising a variable-speed a.c. electric generator connected to an a.c. electric power system and a hydraulic machine system including a water turbine for driving the generator and a guide vane for controlling an amount of water supplied to the water turbine.