Abstract: According to one embodiment, a model utilization system includes a memory and one or more processors. The one or more processors are configured to: perform processing of a distributed ledger configured to store a scenario to be used for analysis of a target system, a digital twin model to be used for the analysis, and data to be input to the digital twin model; calculate a token for an organization that provides the digital twin model to be utilized and an organization that provides the data to be utilized; retrieve, from the distributed ledger, a candidate of the scenario satisfying a user request, a candidate of the digital twin model satisfying the user request, and a candidate of the data satisfying the user request, present the retrieved candidates, and present a token required to use a combination of the retrieved candidates of the digital twin model and the data.

Abstract: An ion sensor includes an ion detection element, a reference electrode that provides a reference point of a potential, and a solution in which an ion concentration can be changed in a sensing area of the ion detection element. The sensing area of the ion detection element is disposed in the solution. A method for detecting a target substance employs an ion sensor. The target substance bound to a label having a function of changing the amount of ions detectable by the ion sensor is introduced into the solution, and a change in the amount of ions is detected using the ion sensor.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery including positive and negative electrodes including positive and negative electrode current collectors with elongated sheets, respectively, and a negative electrode external terminal electrically connected to the negative electrode current collector, and a negative electrode connection portion interposed between the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode external terminal, wherein in the negative electrode, a lithium metal deposits during charging and the lithium metal dissolves during discharging, the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and a separator form an electrode group of a cylindrical wound body, and the negative electrode connection portion includes (i) an end portion along a longitudinal direction of the negative electrode current collector projecting from one end face of the wound body, or (ii) a plurality of negative electrode tab-leads electrically connected to the negative electrode current collector and extending from the one end fa

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery includes a wound type electrode group including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a core member inserted in a hollow of the electrode group, and a nonaqueous electrolyte having a lithium ion conductivity, wherein in the negative electrode, a lithium metal deposits during charging and the lithium metal dissolves during discharging, and the electrode group has a space that allows the separator to be apart from and oppose at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

Abstract: A method of charging a secondary battery, the battery including a positive electrode in which a lithium ion is stored during discharging and released during charging, a negative electrode in which a lithium metal deposits during charging and dissolves during discharging, and a non-aqueous electrolyte having a lithium ion conductivity, wherein the method includes a step of charging the secondary battery according to a first charging profile. In the secondary battery, a surface of the negative electrode is covered with a protection layer. In the first charging profile, charging starts from a first charging step in which charging is performed at a constant current with a first electric current density I1, and following the first charging step, a second charging step is performed in which charging is performed at a constant current with a second electric current density I2 that is larger than the first electric current density I1.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode disposed opposed to the positive electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a non-aqueous electrolyte having a lithium ion conductivity, and a spacer interposed between the negative electrode and the separator. A lithium metal deposits on the negative electrode during charging, and the lithium metal dissolves from the negative electrode during discharging. The spacer has a net structure formed with a plurality of lined projected portions.

Abstract: A battery module, including: a plurality of lithium secondary batteries aligned side by side; and a heat absorbing material disposed in contact with side surfaces of the plurality of lithium secondary batteries, wherein the lithium secondary battery includes an electrode plate group, a non-aqueous electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity, and a battery case housing the electrode plate group and the non-aqueous electrolyte, the electrode plate group includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and at the negative electrode, a lithium metal deposits during charge and the lithium metal dissolves during discharge. This can suppress the increase in battery temperature in the event of abnormality.

Abstract: A method of charging a lithium secondary battery including: a step of charging the lithium secondary battery based on any of a first charging profile and a second charging profile, wherein the first charging profile includes at least two charging steps, the second charging profile includes more charging steps than the first charging profile, at a starting point of the step of charging the secondary battery, the first charging profile is selected when the secondary battery has a depth of discharge of less than a predetermined threshold, and the second charging profile is selected when the secondary battery has a depth of discharge of the threshold or more.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery includes: a positive electrode that absorbs lithium ions during discharging and releases the lithium ions during charging; a negative electrode on which lithium metal is deposited during charging and from which the lithium metal dissolves during discharging; and a non-aqueous electrolyte that has lithium ion conductivity. A surface of the negative electrode is covered with a protective layer that contains a resin material and inorganic particles having a density of 6 g/cm3 or more.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, in which lithium metal deposits on the negative electrode during charge, and the lithium metal dissolves from the negative electrode into the non-aqueous electrolyte during discharge. The positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material, the positive electrode active material includes a composite oxide containing lithium and a transition metal, and the non-aqueous electrolyte contains an oxalate salt. The composite oxide contains Ni and at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, V, Ti, and Nb, and has a structure based on a crystal structure belonging to a space group R-3m.

Abstract: A charging and discharging method for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. The battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode including a negative electrode current collector, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, in which a lithium metal deposits on the negative electrode during charge, and the lithium metal dissolves in the non-aqueous electrolyte during discharge. The method includes a charging step, and a discharging step performed after the charging step. The charging step includes a first step of performing a constant-current charging at a first current I1 having a current density of 1.0 mA/cm2 or less, and a second step of performing a constant-current charging at a second current I2 larger that the first current I1, after the first step. In the discharging step, an amount of electricity corresponding to 20% or more and 80% or less of a full charge amount is discharged.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein in the negative electrode, lithium metal deposits during charging and the lithium metal dissolves during discharging, the non-aqueous electrolyte includes a fluoroalcohol, an oxalate complex anion including fluorine, a lithium ion, and a non-aqueous solvent.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte includes a fluorinated vinylene ether compound A having a —CF?CH—O— bond, and a non-aqueous solvent.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode includes a lithium-transition metal composite oxide. The lithium-transition metal composite oxide contains at least Ni, and has a ratio of Ni to total metal elements other than Li of 90 mol% or more. In the negative electrode, lithium metal deposits during charge, and the lithium metal dissolves during discharge. The non-aqueous electrolyte includes a non-aqueous solvent, lithium ions, an oxalate complex anion having fluorine, and nitrate anions.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte. In the negative electrode, lithium metal deposits during charging and the lithium metal dissolves during discharging. The nonaqueous electrolyte includes a lithium ion, a cation of a metal M1 that forms an alloy with lithium, and a halide ion.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus applies, to an input image, image restoration processing for correcting bokeh caused by a characteristic of an imaging optical system used to capture the input image. The image processing apparatus may further add a predetermined effect to a high luminance portion satisfying a predetermined condition in the input image to which the image restoration processing has been applied. The image processing apparatus has capabilities both correcting bokeh caused by an aberration in an optical system while keeping bokeh as photographic expression.

Abstract: A charging method for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. The battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode including a negative electrode current collector, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, in which a lithium metal deposits on the negative electrode during charge, and the lithium metal dissolves in the non-aqueous electrolyte during discharge. The method includes first to third steps. In the first step, a constant-current charging is performed at a first current I1 having a current density of 1.0 mA/cm2 or less. In the second step, a constant-current charging is performed at a second current I2 being larger than the first current I1 and having a current density of 4.0 mA/cm2 or less. In the third step, a constant-current charging is performed at a third current I3 being larger than the second current I2 and having a current density of 4.0 mA/cm2 or more.

Abstract: A metal removal agent used when removing Mg from an aluminum alloy melt whose raw material is scrap or the like and used for formation of a molten salt layer that takes in Mg from an aluminum alloy melt. The metal removal agent contains: a specific metal element one or more of Cu, Zn, or Mn; a specific halogen element one or more of Cl or Br; and Mg. The metal removal agent may also contain: a base halide that serves as a base material of the molten salt layer; and a specific metal halide that is a compound of a specific metal element and a specific halogen element. When the molten salt layer formed using the agent and the aluminum alloy melt containing Mg are brought into contact with each other, Mg is taken into the molten salt layer side from the aluminum alloy melt side and efficiently removed.

Abstract: A method with which Mg can be removed from aluminum alloy melt whose raw material is scrap or the like. Metal removal method includes processing step of forming molten salt layer in contact with aluminum alloy melt containing Mg which covers at least part of the surface of the aluminum alloy melt. This method allows Mg to be taken in from aluminum alloy melt to molten salt layer and removed. Molten salt layer contains specific halogen element that is one or more of Cl or Br and specific metal element that is one or more of Cu, Zn, or Mn. The specific metal element is supplied as an oxide of the specific metal element to the molten salt layer. At that time, the molten salt layer contains Mg. The step of removing Mg is performed by disposing a conductor that bridges the aluminum alloy melt and the molten salt layer.

Abstract: A Mg removal agent is composed of a chloride and copper oxide. The chloride contains at least Mg and one or more base metal elements selected from K, Na, and Ca. The chloride contains, for example, 0.2 to 60 mass % of MgCl2 and/or 40 to 99.8 mass % of KCl with respect to the chloride as a whole. The compounding ratio that is a mass ratio of the chloride to the copper oxide is, for example, 0.15 or more. The chloride may be a re-solidified salt or a mixed salt. At least a part of the chloride may be a mineral containing the base metal elements and Mg or a mineral-derived chloride. A preferred example of the Mg removal agent is granular flux introduced into the aluminum alloy molten metal.