Abstract: A toner composition for electrophotography comprises, as a principal component, a reaction product of a mixture which comprises 20 to 80% by weight of a polyester resin (A) whose number average molecular weight ranges from 1,000 to 5,000, whose glass transition point ranges from 0.degree. to 50.degree. C. , whose OH value ranges from 20 to 60 KOHmg/g and which is prepared by using at least one trifunctional alcohol in an amount of from 2 to 10 mole % on the basis of the total amount of starting raw alcohols consisting of at least one diol and at least one trifunctional alcohol; and 80 to 20% by weight of a polyester resin (B) whose number average molecular weight ranges from 1,000 to 5,000, whose glass transition point ranges from 50.degree. to 90.degree. C. and whose OH value is not more than 5 KOH mg/g, with a diisocyanate.

Abstract: This invention discloses electrophotogrpahic toners and the methods for their preparation. The electrophotographic toners contain resin and coloring agents as primary components. The resin is a non-crosslinked polymer of vinyl monomers or its mixtures, and has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 2,000-15,000, a Z average molecular weight (Mz) of not less than 400,000 and Mz/Mn of 50-600. The electrophotographic toners exert an excellent fixing ability at high duplication speed or at lower temperatures.

Abstract: A resin for toner of electrophotography comprises a urethane-modified polyester resin (D) having a glass transition temperature ranging from 40.degree. to 75.degree. C., which is obtained by reacting a resin mixture composed of a polyester resin (A) having a number-averaging molecular weight of 1,000 to 15,000 and a hydroxyl value of 10 to 100 and a polyester resin (B) having a number-average molecular weight ranging from 1,000 to 5,000 and a sum of acid value and hydroxyl value of less than 10, in a weight ratio of (A)/(B) ranging from 20:80 to 60:40, with 0.3 to 0.99 molar equivalent of an isocyanate compound (C) per one molar equivalent of hydroxyl group of the polyester resin (A).The resin for toner is excellent in grindability and storage stability and it provides toners for electrophotography having good anti-blocking properties and good fixing properties whereby good images free of fogging can be obtained.

Abstract: A resin for toner of electrophotography comprises a urethane-modified polyester resin (D) having a glass transition temperature ranging from 40.degree. to 75.degree. C., which is obtained by reacting a resin mixture composed of a polyester resin (A) having a number-average molecular weight of 1,000 to 15,000 and a hydroxyl value of 10 to 100 and a polyester resin (B) having a number-average molecular weight ranging from 1,000 to 5,000 and a sum of acid value and hydroxyl value of less than 10, in a weight ratio of (A)/(B) ranging from 20:80 to 60:40, with 0.3 to 0.99 molar equivalent of an isocyanate compound (C) per one molar equivalent of hydroxyl group of the polyester resin (A).The resin for toner is excellent in grindability and storage stability and it provides toners for electrophotography having good anti-blocking properties and good fixing properties whereby good images free of fogging can be obtained.

Abstract: Electrophotographic toner is provided which contains 30-80% by weight of a polymer per total weight of a resin included in the toner, said polymer is obtained by continuously feeding a vinyl monomer, a polymerization initiator and a solvent into a system of 190.degree.-230.degree. C. to conduct polymerization under a liquid state, and said polymer is a vinyl polymer having a number average molecular weight of 1,000-5,000 and a glass transition temperature of 40.degree.75.degree. C. The preparation method of the electrophotographic toner is also provided. The toner is excellent in the fixing ability at high duplication speed and lower temperatures.

Abstract: Disclosed is a toner composition for the electrophotography, which comprises as a main component a urethane-modified polyester resin obtained by reacting a polyester resin with an isocyanate compound, in which the mole-equivalent ratio between the hydroxyl group of the polyester resin and the isocyanate group of the isocyanate compound is within a specific range and the glass transition temperature of the obtained resin is within a specific range.This composition has a good fixing property at a low temperature and a good offset resistance at a high temperature, and this composition is especially excellent in the form of a mixture with a polymer having a relatively low molecular weight.

Abstract: A product or multiplier circuit for use in an FM quadrature detector including a double-balanced differential amplifier having resistors disposed in the emitter circuits thereof. Product signals formed at collector junctions of the differential amplifier are amplified by a differential amplifier transistor pair having its emitter circuits fed by a current source and its collector circuits coupled to a current mirror circuit. By restricting the resistance values of the emitter circuit resistors of the double-balanced differential amplifier within a disclosed range, the distortion factor and signal-to-noise ratio of the circuit are improved.

Abstract: A PLL tuning device in a receiver uses a digital memory board and array of photo-transistors scanning the memory board for station selection. When the transistors are lined up with a column, a digital output is fed to a switching device and to a programmable frequency divider. Muting action is released when the output is delivered to the divider, but, when the array is between columns, muting action takes place. In one embodiment, the photo-transistor output is fed to a latch and to an OR gate serving as the switch. A one-shot is triggered in response to the setting of the OR gate at an H level. Digital information is fed to the programmable frequency divider from the latch until the one-shot is fired. In another embodiment, the latch and one-shot are eliminated. Photo-transistor output is fed to both an OR gate and the frequency divider. The OR gate controls a switch that closes muting switches only when information is being generated by the photo-transistors.

Abstract: A digital tuning FM stereophonic receiver of the type including a phase locked loop synthesizer. A digital code generating circuit is provided for generating a digital code which consists of several bits to be applied to a programmable frequency divider inserted in the phase locked loop. At least one auxiliary bit is provided together with the bits of the digital code. The information of the auxiliary bit is used to input and hold the digital code to be applied thereto. Muting operation of the FM stereophonic receiver is controlled in accordance with the information of the auxiliary bit.

Abstract: A tuning indicating device in a radio tuner displays S-meter and T-meter tuning information in a single, two-dimensional display. The display unit forms a two-dimensional pattern in response to drive signals corresponding to the S-meter and T-meter tuning information and preferably comprises two groups of electrodes disposed to sandwich a plate-shaped member made of a material whose optical characteristic is changed in response to an electrical field strength applied thereto. One of the groups of electrodes is a plurality of film electrodes which are aligned in one and the same direction, while the other is a plurality of film electrodes which are arranged in such a manner that the configurations thereof are different from one another gradually in a predetermined direction and which are aligned in a direction different from the direction of the one group of film electrodes.

Abstract: An electro-optic device comprises a plurality of first electrodes provided on a top substrate and a second electrode provided on a bottom substrate, the first electrodes confronting the second electrode through electro-optical matter which will show electro-optical phenomena by the application of electric field, the first and second electrodes being connected through external impedance elements such as resistors or capacitors to a variable voltage source. In this electro-optic device, the electric field applied between the first and second electrodes are partially changed by various means, for instance, by making the areas of the first electrodes different, or by varying the values of the external impedance elements such as resistors or capacitors, as a result of which the electro-optical matter shows various electro-optical phenomena.

Abstract: An electro-optic device comprises a plurality of first electrodes provided on a top substrate and a second electrode provided on a bottom substrate, the first electrodes confronting the second electrode through electro-optical matter which will show electro-optical phenomena by the application of electric field, the first and second electrodes being connected through electrical elements such as resistors or capacitors to a variable voltage source. In this electro-optic device, the electric field applied between the first and second electrodes are partially changed by various means, for instance, by making the areas of the first electrodes different, or by varying the values of the electrical elements such as resistors or capacitors, as a result of which the electro-optical matter shows various electro-optical phenomena.