Abstract: A scanning pattern drawing apparatus which scans the surface of a workpiece with a light beam so that a pattern is described on the workpiece with the issued light beam being controlled on the basis of pattern drawing data stored in a pattern memory, wherein the pattern drawing apparatus is able to read many pieces of data in a short period of time even if the frequency of the timing pulses is reduced and which therefore is capable of drawing a precise pattern on a workpiece. A scanning pulse generator produces as scanning pulse in response to a predetermined amount of scanning with the light beam. The scanning pulse is converted to a plurality of resulting timing pulses, and successive parallel outputs of the timing pulses are produced after delaying by a predetermined time. The pattern drawing data is read from the pattern memory in response to the delayed timing pulses.

Abstract: In a scanning device capable of building a distortion-free two-dimensional image on a surface to be scanned. The scanning operation for two directions are independently executed. Employable is a linear light source. In this case, the scanning in one direction of the two-dimensional scanning is responsive to the position of the light emitting elements in the linear light source.

Abstract: A drawing surface adjusting mechanism suitable for use with a large scanning pattern drawing apparatus in which a scanning optical system scans drawing rays of light along scanning lines on a workpiece on a drawing board. A plurality of light-emitting units project rays of light in a wavelength region outside a sensitivity range of the workpiece onto a drawing surface of the workpiece in such a way that the rays substantially converge at more than one point along a scanning line of the drawing rays of light, preferably at center and end points along the scanning line. A plurality of condenser lenses are provided for focusing beams of light from the plural light-emitting units after the beams have been reflected by the drawing surface. A plurality of light-detecting elements are disposed at points of condensation by respective ones of the condenser lenses to produce output signals representing differences in condensation points that occur as the lenses depart from or approach the drawing surface.

Abstract: A horizontal synchronizing signal detecting optical system of an optical scanning apparatus includes a light receiving element for receiving light flux deflected by a deflector and converged by a scanning lens outside an effective scanning range. A prism optical system for reducing the diameter of the light flux which is received by the light receiving element at least within a principal scanning direction is provided.

Abstract: In a scanning device capable of building a distortion-free two-dimensional image on a surface to be scanned. The scanning operation for two directions are independently executed. Employable is a linear light source. In this case, the scanning in one direction of the two-dimensional scanning is responsive to the position of the light emitting elements in the linear light source.

Abstract: An optical scanning system has a deflector for deflecting a beam emitted from a light source portion, a telecentric scanning lens for focusing the deflected beam onto a scanning surface, a beam splitter for splitting a beam reflected by the scanning surface on an optical path between the deflector and the light source portion from an outgoing optical path, and a focus point detector for receiving the beam split by the beam splitter and detecting a focused state of the beam on the scanning surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for correcting a scranning beam produced by a polygonal mirror tilting in small surface segments in each mirror surface segment caused by uneven mirror surfaces of the polygonal mirror. Data indicative of the amount of tilting in each of the surface segments is stored in a memory, which is addressed by a data signal indicative of the present scanning position of the polygonal mirror. Output data from the memory is applied to an acousto-optical modulator disposed in the beam path between the light source and the polygonal mirror.

Abstract: In a scanning device capable of building a distortion-free two-dimensional image on a surface to be scanned. The scanning operation for two directions are independently executed. Employable is a linear light source. In this case, the scanning in one direction of the two-dimensional scanning is responsive to the position of the light emitting elements in the linear light source.

Abstract: A monitor mechanism for use with a scanning optical apparatus in which the direction of polarization is utilized to separate a source laser light beam into a pattern drawing and a monitor beamlet and to synthesize them again into a single after passing through a scanning lens and beam deflector. The two beamlets can thus be controlled so as to project towards the deflector and scanning lens in the same direction, which is effective in reducing the offset between the pattern drawing and monitor beams that may occur on account of such factors as variations in lens performance.

Abstract: A drawing surface adjusting mechanism for use with a scanning pattern drawing apparatus capable of not only moving a drawing board in a vertical direction but also tilting it, whereby the chance of bringing the drawing surface within the depth of focus of a scanning lens is increased even if the drawing surface has waviness or other flaws within the width of a single storke of scanning.

Abstract: A table assembly that is simple in construction and which yet resists yawing in an effective way and is adapted for use with a scanning pattern drawing apparatus which involves continuous movements of the table. The inventive table assembly includes a master table that is slidable in one direction with respect to a fixed portion of the overall assembly and to which a drive force for causing the table to slide in the one direction is transmitted directly, and a working table that is slidable in the one direction with respect to the fixed portion and which is linked to the master table by connecting means having rigidity in the one direction and elasticity in a direction perpendicular to the one direction.

Abstract: A light scanning device comprising a light source portion equipped with a semiconductor laser, a deflecting system for deflecting light beam emitted by the light source portion, a scanning lens for imaging light beam deflected by the deflecting system on a subject to be scanned, and a polarizing device for changing a polarized state of light beam so that the vibrating plane of an electric field vector of light beam entering into the scanning lens does not become perpendicular to a plane of incidence which includes an optical axis of the scanning lens and an incident direction of the light beam.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus has a semiconductor laser which produces a divergent beam of light. A collimator lens makes the beam of light parallel, a cylindrical lens shapes the beam, and a polygonal deflector deflects the beam through a scanning lens and onto a rotating drum containing an exposure plane. The amount of light reflected back into the semiconductor laser is reduced by forming a slit either inside of the collimator lens or inside of a housing of the cylindrical lens.

Abstract: Broad spectrum antibiotics are provided which are compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.4 is a residue of a nucleophilic compound and R.sup.5 is hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.

Abstract: The compounds having a 4,11-dioxo-3-oxa-8(or 7)-thia-1-azatricyclo[7,2,0,0.sup.2,6 ]undecane-2-carboxylic acid skeleton as the base structures, their esters and their salts are useful antibacterial agents.

Abstract: An optical scanning system for use in a laser beam printer is disclosed which comprises a cylindrical lens for imaging laser light in an auxiliary scanning cross section at a point in front of a deflector and an anamorphic scanning lens unit which converges the light rays deflected by the deflector at a point on a scanning surface. The scanning lens unit has, in order from the deflector side, a first lens which is a negative lens element having a concave toric surface with a stronger curvature in the auxiliary scanning cross section and a second lens having a convex toric surface with a stronger curvature in the auxiliary scanning cross section. The optical system further satisfying the following condition:0.015f<l<0.160fwhere f is the focal length of the scanning lens unit in a main scanning cross section, and l is the distance between the position at which laser light is imaged with the cylindrical lens and the point at which the laser light is deflected with the deflector.

Abstract: A scanning optical system for use in a laser beam printer which is small and available at low cost, and yet is capable of effectively compensating for tilting and beam shaping. The scanning lens unit in this optical system has two-element composition consisting of, in order from a deflector side, a first lens of a negative lens element having a concave spherical surface on the deflector side and a concave cylindrical surface oon the scanning surface side having a curvature in the auxiliary scanning cross section, and the second lens having a planar surface on the deflector side and a convex toric surface on the scanning surface side which has a stronger curvature in the auxiliary scanning cross section. The scanning lens unit has a shorter focal length in the auxiliary scanning cross section than in the main scanning direction and forms an image at a finite distance with the object point lying at focusing point where image is formed by the cylindrical lens.

Abstract: Broad spectrum antibiotics are provided which are compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein -W-R is a residue of a nucleophilic compound and R.sup.5 is hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or 4-carboxy ester which is the alkoxymethyl, .alpha.-alkoxyethyl, .alpha.-alkoxy-.alpha.-substituted methyl, alkylthiomethyl, acyloxymethyl or .alpha.-acyloxy-.alpha.-substituted methyl ester thereof.

Abstract: The compounds having a 4,11-dioxo-3-oxa-8(or 7)-thia-1-azatricyclo[7,2,0,0.sup.2,6 ]undecane-2-carboxylic acid skeleton as the base structure, their esters and their salts are useful antibacterial agents.

Abstract: The compounds, having a 4,10-dioxo-3-oxa-7-thia-1-azatricyclo[6,2,0,0.sup.2,6 ]decane-2-carboxylic acid skeleton as the base structure, their esters and their salts, are useful antibacterial agents.