Abstract: An apparatus for adjusting light beam direction comprises, for instance, two prisms, i.e., a first and a second prisms arranged, in order, along an incident direction of light beam; an incident face of the first prism being parallel to a plane which is assumed to rotate an imaginary vertical plane perpendicular to the incident direction around a rotational axis by a first acute angle; an outgoing face of the first prism being parallel to a plane which is assumed to rotate the vertical plane around the axis by a second acute angle larger than the first one in the same direction as the latter; an incident face of the second prism being parallel to the outgoing face of the first prism and an outgoing face of the second prism being parallel to the incident face of the first prism, at the zero-adjusting state; and at least one of these prisms being able to adjustably rotate around the rotational axis.

Abstract: A scanning optical device including a rotating polygonal mirror or oscillating mirror. Two acoustooptical devices are disposed along the path between the light source and the mirror and are set for respective time-constant angles of deflection to compensate for tilting of the mirror without introducing an offset.

Abstract: An optical system particularly for a laser beam printer comprising a semiconductor laser, a collimating lens, a cylindrical lens having curvature in the sub-scanning cross section, a deflector and anamorphic scanning lens system concentrating the light on a scanning plane. The anamorphic scanning lens system may have one to four lenses but has one lens with a convex toric surface facing the scanning plane. The anamorphic scanning lens system has stronger power in the sub-scanning cross section than in the main scanning cross section.

Abstract: A scanning optical system such as a laser beam printer that comprising a semiconductor laser, a collimator lens that produces substantially parallel rays of light from the beam emitted from the semiconductor laser, a convex cylinder lens having a curvature within a cross section taken in the auxiliary scanning direction, a deflector, and a scanning lens that focuses the deflected rays to form a spot on a scanning surface. The normal direction of light emitting from the semiconductor laser being in alignment with the scanning direction of the scanning lens system, and the scanning lens system having an anamorphic configuration.

Abstract: The compounds are of the class of esters of 7-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl-)-2-(syn)methoxyiminoacetamido] cephalosporin derivatives, including lower alkoxymethyl, .alpha.-lower alkoxy-.alpha.-substituted methyl, lower alkylthiomethyl, acyloxymethyl, ethoxycarbonyloxy-1-methylmethyl and .alpha.- acyloxy-.alpha.-substituted methyl esters. The compounds are useful against a broad spectrum of bacteria, particularly gram-negative bacteria, and may be administered in the form of injections, capsules, tablets and granules.

Abstract: Novel cephem compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.4 is a residue of a nucleophilic compound selected from hydroxyl, mercapto, cyano, azido, amino, carbamoyloxy, carbamoylthio and thiocarbamoyloxy, said group being unsubstituted or substituted by alkyl of up to three carbons, and R.sup.5 is hydroxyl or lower alkoxy, or a pharmaceutically acceptable ester thereof, have strong antibiotic properties against a wide variety of microorganisms.

Abstract: A 7-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(syn)-methoxyiminoacetamido]cephalosporin derivative of the formula; ##STR1## wherein R.sub.3 is hydrogen or a residue of a nucleophilic compound; R.sub.2 NH is an amino group which may optionally be protected, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, is found to have excellent anti-bacterial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria inclusive of gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Proteus rettgeri, Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii. Thus, this compound may be used for an antibacterial agent in therapeutical purposes.

Abstract: 3-Tertiary ammoniomethyl-7-beta-[alpha-(hydroxy or protected hydroxy)imino-alpha-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or 4-carboxy ester is provided which is a broad spectrum antibiotic.

Abstract: An antibacterial composition is provided consisting of a 7-[2-(2-aminothiazol)-4-yl)-2-(syn)-methoxyiminoacetamido]cephalosporin compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2 NH is amino or a protected amino group, n is an integer of 1 to 3 and R is a di-C.sub.1-3 alkylamino, carboxyl or sulfo group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.

Abstract: Novel 7-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(syn)-methoxyiminoacetamido]cephalosporanic acid derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 NH is an amino group which may optionally be protected, R.sup.2 is a halogen atom or a hydroxyl, thiol or amino group which may optionally be substituted; COOR is a carboxyl group which may optionally be esterified, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, have excellent antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms including Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Proteus rettgeri, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii. Thus, these compounds may be used as antibacterial agents for therapeutic purposes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a compound having antibacterial activity of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents amino, protected amino, hydroxy or protected hydroxy;R.sup.4 represents heterocyclic thio wherein heterocyclic is a 5 to 6 membered hetero ring containing 1 to 4 hetero atoms from the group of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen; andR.sup.5 is hydroxy or protected hydroxy, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Novel cephem compounds of the formula; ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents amino or hydroxyl group which may be protected, R.sup.2 represents amino or hydroxyl group or a group convertible into these groups, R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or methoxy group or a group convertible into methoxy group, R.sup.4 represents hydrogen or a residue of a nucleophilic compound and R.sup.8 represents hydrogen or a halogen, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, have strong antibiotic properties against a wide variety of microorganisms including gram-positive bacteria as well as gram-negative ones, especially by oral administration and can be used as therapeutic agent for various bacterial infections of animals including human beings.

Abstract: A 7-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(syn)-methoxyiminoacetamido] cephalosporin derivative of the formula; ##STR1## wherein R.sub.3 is hydrogen or a residue of a nucleophilic compound; R.sub.2 NH is an amino group which may optionally be protected, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, is found to have excellent anti-bacterial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria inclusive of gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Proteus rettgeri, Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii. Thus, this compound may be used for an antibacterial agent in therapeutical purposes.

Abstract: A halogenoacetyl group is removed from a halogenoacetyl amino compound in a short period of reaction time by reacting the halogenoacetyl amino compound with an N-substituted dithiocarbamic acid or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Novel cephem compounds of the formula; ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents amino or hydroxyl group which may be protected, R.sup.2 represents amino or hydroxyl group or a group convertible into these groups, R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or methoxy group or a group convertible into methoxy group, R.sup.4 represents hydrogen or a residue of a nucleophilic compound and R.sup.8 represents hydrogen or a halogen, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, have strong antibiotic properties against a wide variety of microorganisms including gram-positive bacteria as well as gram-negative ones, especially by oral administration and can be used as therapeutic agent for various bacterial infections of animals including human beings.

Abstract: Novel cephem compounds of the formula; ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents amino or hydroxyl group which may be protected, R.sup.2 represents amino or hydroxyl group or a group convertible into these groups, R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or methoxy group or a group convertible into methoxy group, R.sup.4 represents hydrogen or a residue of a nucleophilic compound and R.sup.8 represents hydrogen or a halogen, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, have strong antibiotic properties against a wide variety of microorganisms including gram-positive bacteria as well as gram-negative ones, especially by oral administration and can be used as therapeutic agent for various bacterial infections of animals including human beings.Also disclosed are novel thiazolylacetic acid compounds of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 represents amino, protected amino, hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl, R.sup.

Abstract: 7-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(syn)-methoxyiminoacetamido]cephalosporanic acid derivatives of the formula; ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 NH is an amino group which may optionally be protected; COOR.sup.2 is a carboxyl group which may optionally be esterified; X is oxygen, sulfur or an imino group which may optionally be substituted; B is hydrogen or a hydroxyl, amino, thiol or hydrocarbon group which may optionally be substituted, or a salt thereof, are novel, .beta.-lactamase-resistant and low-toxicity compounds which display excellent activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms including Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Proteus rettgeri, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii. Thus, these compounds can be used for antibacterial agents in therapeutical purpose.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a halogen and R.sup.3 stands for methyl, acetoxymethyl, carbamoyloxymethyl, an alkoxymethyl, an alkylthiomethyl, 2-carboxy-1-ethenyl, or a heterocyclic thiomethyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is found to have a broad antimicrobial spectrum and, in particular, effective against Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescense as well as Gram-positive ones including antibiotic resistant strains. Thus, these compounds may be used for antimicrobial agents in therapeutical purposes.

Abstract: Cephem and penam compounds having a partial structure of formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, respectively, represent a hydrocarbon group which is attached to P, either directly or through an oxygen atom, and which may optionally be substituted, and R.sup.3 is a hydrocarbon residue, are useful as intermediates for synthetic penicillins and cephalosporins, which in turn are useful as antibiotics or intermediates for some other synthetic penicillins and cephalosporins having antibiotic activity. To the 6- or 7-amino group of these penam or cephem compounds an objective acyl group can be introduced to give 6- or 7-acyl amino compound in a good yield, without isomerization of 6.alpha.-or 7.alpha.-substituent OR.sup.3 of the penam or cephem compounds.

Abstract: Novel cephem compounds of the formula; ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents amino or hydroxyl group which may be protected, R.sup.2 represents amino or hydroxyl group or a group convertible into these groups, R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or methoxy group or a group convertible into methoxy group, R.sup.4 represents hydrogen or a residue of a nucleophilic compound and R.sup.8 represents hydrogen or a halogen, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, have strong antibiotic properties against a wide variety of microorganisms including gram-positive bacteria as well as gram-negative ones, especially by oral administration and can be used as therapeutic agent for various bacterial infections of animals including human beings.