Abstract: An etching method of a substrate includes (a) providing a substrate on a substrate support inside a chamber, the substrate including a first region having a multilayer film in which a silicon oxide film and a silicon nitride film are alternately stacked and a second region having a monolayer silicon oxide film; and (b) etching the substrate with plasma generated from a first processing gas that includes a hydrofluorocarbon gas, wherein the hydrofluorocarbon gas includes a first hydrofluorocarbon gas represented by CxHyFz (x represents an integer of 2 or more, and y and z represent an integer of 1 or more) and having an unsaturated bond.

Abstract: Provided is an arc welding control method for performing control in an arc period, the control including: first control of increasing welding current (Ia) to first current value (I1) in a range from 200 A to 300 A inclusive at first gradient (S1) and maintaining welding current (Ia) at first current value (I1) for first period (T1); second control of reducing welding current (Ia) from first current value (I1) to second current value (I2) at second gradient (S2) and maintaining welding current (Ia) at second current value (I2) for second period (T2); third control of increasing welding current (Ia) from second current value (I2) to third current value (I3) higher than first current value (I1) at third gradient (S3); and fourth control that is started to reduce welding current (Ia) from third current value (I3) within 0.5 ms after welding current (Ia) reaches third current value (I3) under the third control.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a production method of (R)-reticuline including: a step for obtaining a recombinant host cell by inserting, into a host cell, a gene 1 which is composed of a nucleotide sequence having at least 70% homology to a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and which is DNA encoding a protein having an enzymatic activity of CYP80Y2, and a gene 2 which is composed of a nucleotide sequence having at least 70% homology to a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 and which is DNA encoding a protein having an enzymatic activity of oxidoreductase; a step for expressing, in the recombinant host cell, the protein having the enzymatic activity of CYP80Y2 and the protein having the enzymatic activity of oxidoreductase; and a step for producing (R)-reticuline from (S)-reticuline by using the recombinant host cell.

Abstract: A training method of an autoencoder that performs encoding and decoding, for a computer to execute a process includes encoding input data by the autoencoder; obtaining a probability distribution of feature data obtained by encoding the input data by the autoencoder; adding a noise to the feature data; generating decoded data by decoding the feature data to which the noise is added by the autoencoder; and training the autoencoder to train the probability distribution of the feature data so that an information entropy of the probability distribution and an error between the decoded data and the input data are decreased.

Abstract: A training method of an autoencoder that performs encoding and decoding, for a computer to execute a process includes encoding input data by the autoencoder; obtaining a probability distribution of feature data obtained by encoding the input data; generating first decoded data by decoding the feature data by the autoencoder; adding a noise to the feature data by the autoencoder; generating second decoded data by decoding the feature data to which the noise is added by the autoencoder; and training the autoencoder to train the probability distribution of the feature data so that a first error between the first decoded data and the input data, a second error between the first decoded data and the second decoded data, and an information entropy of the probability distribution are decreased.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide a training method, an image encoding method, an image decoding method and apparatuses thereof. The image encoding apparatus includes: an image encoder configured to encode input image data to obtain a latent variable; a quantizer configured to perform quantizing processing on the latent variable according to a quantization step to generate a quantized latent variable; and an entropy encoder configured to perform entropy coding on the quantized latent variable by using an entropy model to form a bit stream.

Abstract: Disclosed is an arc welding control method of controlling a welding current in short-circuit arc welding of feeding a welding wire toward a base metal and alternating a short-circuit state and an arc state. The arc welding control method includes: executing, in the short-circuit state, a first increase in the welding current with a first slope, a first decrease in the welding current to a first bottom value after executing the first increase, a second increase in the welding current with a second slope after executing the first decrease, and a second decrease in the welding current to a second bottom value that is smaller than the first bottom value after executing the second increase to shift a state to the arc state.

Abstract: Provided is an arc welding device that performs welding by alternately repeating a short-circuit period provided with a short-circuit state in which a welding wire and a base material are short-circuited, and an arc period provided with an arc state in which an arc is generated between the welding wire and the base material. A calculation unit calculates an integrated power value by integrating power supplied to the welding wire within a predetermined period, after the welding wire is short-circuited. A controller reduces a welding current to be supplied to welding wire when the integrated power value is larger than a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: In arc welding in which a welding wire serving as a consumable electrode is fed toward a base material and a welding current is caused to flow through the welding wire and the base material to alternately repeat a reverse polarity period and a positive polarity period, after a short circuit between the welding wire and the base material is detected, a feeding speed of the welding wire is changed from a first feeding speed to a second feeding speed on a negative side of the first feeding speed when a speed in a direction toward the base material is defined as positive.

Abstract: Arc welding, in which a welding wire serving as a consumable electrode is fed toward a base material and a welding current alternately including a peak current and a base current is caused to flow through the welding wire and the base material, is performed such that after a short-circuit between the welding wire and the base material is detected, a feeding speed of the welding wire is changed from a first feeding speed to a second feeding speed that is on a negative side from the first feeding speed when a speed in a direction in which the welding wire is fed toward the base material is defined as positive.

Abstract: A howling suppression apparatus includes: an integration processing part that obtains the maximum value among L values corresponding to n-th frames of L i-th signals, for i=1, 2, . . . , L, L being any integer equal to or greater than 2, the L i-th signals being frequency-domain signals obtained from sound signals collected by multiple microphones; and a howling suppression processing part that performs howling suppression processing on at least any of the L i-th signals using the maximum value.

Abstract: An information processing device includes: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to: determine an angle of intra prediction for a block to be encoded in an image included in a video, and encode the block to be encoded using the angle of intra prediction; generate a bit value indicating an estimation result of the angle using a locally decoded pixel value of an encoded pixel adjacent to the block to be encoded; generate a bit string indicating the angle of intra prediction and generate flag information indicating whether a partial bit value of the bit string matches the bit value indicating an estimation result of the angle; and encode the flag information by a first encoding method and encode a remaining bit value of the bit string by a second encoding method.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide an image coding method and apparatus and an image decoding method and apparatus. The image coding method includes: performing feature extraction on to-be-processed image data by using a convolutional neural network, to generate feature maps of the image data; quantizing the feature maps to generate discrete feature maps; preprocessing the discrete feature maps to generate preprocessed data, an amount of data of the preprocessed data being less than an amount of data of the discrete feature maps; calculating probabilities of to-be-coded data in the discrete feature maps according to the preprocessed data; and performing entropy coding on the to-be-coded data according to the probabilities of the to-be-coded data.

Abstract: An environment control system includes: a control unit; a serial communication bus including a main communication line having a first end connected to the control unit and first to Nth (N: an integer of 2 or more) sub communication lines branched off from a second end of the main communication line; devices connected to the first to Nth sub communication lines; and switching units disposed on all the first to Nth sub communication lines and configured to connect and disconnect the devices to and from the control unit. Each of the first to Nth sub communication lines is connected to one or more of the devices.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide a training method, an image encoding method, an image decoding method and apparatuses thereof. The image encoding apparatus includes: an image encoder configured to encode input image data to obtain a latent variable; a quantizer configured to perform quantizing processing on the latent variable according to a quantization step to generate a quantized latent variable; and an entropy encoder configured to perform entropy coding on the quantized latent variable by using an entropy model to form a bit stream.

Abstract: An apparatus receives, via an input device, query input data including a word or a phrase, and acquires search result set data using the query input data. The apparatus acquires, for a value indicating a strength of a relationship between each impression word included in an impression word group and each word included in the query input data, and extracts the first feature word group according to the value indicating the strength of the relationship with each word, from the impression word group. The apparatus displays the search result set data using the first feature word group as an item.

Abstract: An arc welding method preforms reciprocating wire feed so as to alternately perform forward feed and reverse feed. The arc welding method includes a normal arc welding step, a normal short circuit welding step, and an abnormal arc welding step. In the abnormal arc welding step, a short circuit state occurs at a second time point, which is before a lapse of a second period from a first time point at which an arc state occurs. Further, in the abnormal arc welding step, the reciprocating wire feed continues until a third time point after a lapse of a first period from the second time point. At the third time point, the reciprocating wire feed is stopped and the abnormal arc welding step is completed. From the third time point, the welding wire is decelerated and the reciprocating wire feed is restarted.

Abstract: A howling suppression apparatus includes: an integration processing part that obtains the maximum value among L values corresponding to n-th frames of L i-th signals, for i=1, 2, . . . , L, L being any integer equal to or greater than 2, the L i-th signals being frequency-domain signals obtained from sound signals collected by multiple microphones; and a howling suppression processing part that performs howling suppression processing on at least any of the L i-th signals using the maximum value.

Abstract: In a method and device for performing welding, after the welding current reaches a first current value during a short circuit, the feeding of the welding wire is stopped, slowed down, or moved backward. As a result, the opening of a short circuit is urged to reduce the frequency at which welding is unnecessarily interrupted by an overcurrent protection function. This achieves high weld quality such as the absence of welding defects, and high production efficiency.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide an image coding method and apparatus and an image decoding method and apparatus. The image coding method includes: performing feature extraction on to-be-processed image data by using a convolutional neural network, to generate feature maps of the image data; quantizing the feature maps to generate discrete feature maps; preprocessing the discrete feature maps to generate preprocessed data, an amount of data of the preprocessed data being less than an amount of data of the discrete feature maps; calculating probabilities of to-be-coded data in the discrete feature maps according to the preprocessed data; and performing entropy coding on the to-be-coded data according to the probabilities of the to-be-coded data.