Abstract: For mounting on a substrate by using an electroconductive adhesive, an electroconductive paste for forming an external electrode which has improved moisture resistance and which is resistant to occurrence of external-electrode peeling, as well as a ceramic electronic component including the electroconductive paste are provided. The electroconductive paste includes a base-metal electroconductive powder, first glass frit, and an organic vehicle, wherein the first glass frit has a B2O3 content of 10 to 20 percent by mole, a SiO2 content of 50 to 65 percent by mole, an alkali metal oxide content of 10 to 20 percent by mole, a ZnO content of 1 to 5 percent by mole, a TiO2 content of 1 to 5 percent by mole, a ZrO2 content of 1 to 5 percent by mole, and an Al2O3 content of 1 to 5 percent by mole.

Abstract: The invention provides a fuel cell which comprises a solid polymer electrolyte sandwiched between a cathode to which an oxidizing agent gas is supplied and an anode to which a reducing agent gas is supplied, wherein at least one of the electrodes has an electroconductive organic polymer which has an oxidation-reduction function as an electrode catalyst. The invention further provides a fuel cell in which the electrode catalyst comprises a mixture of an electroconductive organic polymer and an inorganic oxidation-reduction catalyst, and has a higher output power.

Abstract: In an image pickup device, a step of forming an embedded plug includes a step of forming a connecting hole in the insulation film in which the embedded plug is to be formed, a metal layer deposition step of depositing a metal layer on the insulation film in which the connecting hole is formed, thereby covering an interior of the connecting hole and at least a part of an upper surface of the insulation film in a laminating direction thereof, and a metal layer removing step of polishing the upper surface of the insulation film on which the metal layer is deposited thereby removing the metal layer except for the interior of the connecting hole, an etch-back method performed on the embedded plug in at least an insulation film, and a chemical mechanical polishing method performed on the embedded plug in another insulation film.

Abstract: The invention provides a fuel cell which comprises a solid polymer electrolyte sandwiched between a cathode to which an oxidizing agent gas is supplied and an anode to which a reducing agent gas is supplied, wherein at least one of the electrodes has an electroconductive organic polymer which has an oxidation-reduction function as an electrode catalyst. The invention further provides a fuel cell in which the electrode catalyst comprises a mixture of an electroconductive organic polymer and an inorganic oxidation-reduction catalyst, and has a higher output power.

Abstract: For mounting on a substrate by using an electroconductive adhesive, an electroconductive paste for forming an external electrode which has improved moisture resistance and which is resistant to occurrence of external-electrode peeling, as well as a ceramic electronic component including the electroconductive paste are provided. The electroconductive paste includes a base-metal electroconductive powder, first glass frit, and an organic vehicle, wherein the first glass frit has a B2O3 content of 10 to 20 percent by mole, a SiO2 content of 50 to 65 percent by mole, an alkali metal oxide content of 10 to 20 percent by mole, a ZnO content of 1 to 5 percent by mole, a TiO2 content of 1 to 5 percent by mole, a ZrO2 content of 1 to 5 percent by mole, and an Al2O3 content of 1 to 5 percent by mole.

Abstract: In an image pickup device, a step of forming an embedded plug includes a step of forming a connecting hole in the insulation film in which the embedded plug is to be formed, a metal layer deposition step of depositing a metal layer on the insulation film in which the connecting hole is formed, thereby covering an interior of the connecting hole and at least a part of an upper surface of the insulation film in a laminating direction thereof, and a metal layer removing step of polishing the upper surface of the insulation film on which the metal layer is deposited thereby removing the metal layer except for the interior of the connecting hole, an etch-back method performed on the embedded plug in at least an insulation film, and a chemical mechanical polishing method performed on the embedded plug in another insulation film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell substrate having a polarizing function is disclosed which can be extremely thin and lightweight and is excellent in heat resistance, impact resistance and quality stability. The liquid crystal cell substrate comprises a resin substrate and, closely adhered thereon, at least a gas barrier layer, a crosslinked resin layer and a polarizing layer, wherein the polarizing layer comprises a coating layer. This cell substrate, having a polarizing function and high durability, can be efficiently produced because an exceedingly thin polarizing layer having excellent heat resistance can be deposited on a resin substrate by coating and because a gas barrier layer and a crosslinked resin layer also can be easily formed. It is excellent in moisture resistance, gas resistance and impact resistance, can be extremely thin and lightweight, and has excellent heat resistance.

Abstract: A composite retarder plate is constituted by a combination of at least one retarder film and at least one liquid-crystal phase sheet. The liquid-crystal phase sheet includes a transparent substrate, and a liquid-crystal polymer layer provided on the transparent substrate. At least one of refractive indices nx, ny and nz of the retarder film is different from the other refractive indices when nx and ny are main refractive indices (nx≧ny) in in-plane directions and nz is a refractive index in a direction of the thickness of the composite retarder plate, respectively. All the refractive indices nx, ny and nz of the transparent substrate are different from one another. The retarder film, the transparent substrate and the liquid-crystal polymer layer are different in wavelength dependence of birefringence. The retarder film and the transparent substrate are different in Nz defined by the expression (nx−nz)/(nx−ny).

Abstract: The invention provides a fuel cell which comprises a solid polymer electrolyte sandwiched between a cathode to which an oxidizing agent gas is supplied and an anode to which a reducing agent gas is supplied, wherein at least one of the electrodes has an electroconductive organic polymer which has an oxidation-reduction function as an electrode catalyst. The invention further provides a fuel cell in which the electrode catalyst comprises a mixture of an electroconductive organic polymer and an inorganic oxidation-reduction catalyst, and has a higher output power.

Abstract: Provided is a conductive paste, including a metal powder, glass frit and SiO2 dispersed in an organic vehicle in which the compounding ratio of SiO2 is in the range of 0.3 to 1.5% by weight. The conductive paste can prevent scattering of a solder plating film formed on a thick film electrode during surface mounting of a ceramic electronic part including a thick film electrode (an external electrode) which is formed by coating the ceramic electronic part with the conductive paste and baking.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electroconductive paste and a laminated ceramic electronic part produced by the use of the paste. The part exhibits improved heat-shock resistance during surface mounting thereof. The paste comprises a metal component and glass frit dispersed in an organic vehicle, and the glass frit comprises a zinc borosilicate containing CaO. The proportion of CaO to the total weight of the glass frit is preferably about 3 to 15 wt. %. The laminated ceramic electronic part comprises outer electrodes formed on the sides of the body of the part by baking the paste thereon.

Abstract: This invention relates to a conducting organic polymer formed by doping an organic polymer with a protonic acid having a dissociation constant value pKa of less than 4.8, wherein the organic polymer has, as the main repeating unit, a compound represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein, m and n, respectively, show the molar fraction of the quinonediimine structural unit and phenylenediamine structural unit in the repeating unit, and 0<m<1, 0<n<1, and m+n=1; and the organic polymer is soluble in an organic solvent in the undoped state, and has an intrinsic viscosity ?.eta.! of more than 0.4 dl/g measured in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone at 30.degree. C. This invention also relates to a film formed of the conducting organic polymer and a conducting organic polymer composition.

Abstract: A conductive paste which can control formation of a reaction layer and allow large flexibility measurements, and external electrodes for an electronic product formed using this conductive paste are provided. The conductive paste is prepared by dispersing a metal powder and glass frit in an organic vehicle, and the glass frit is a mixture of a zinc group frit and a lead group frit, the percentage of zinc group frit being within a range of from about 20 to 80 wt %, while the lead group frit is the remainder.

Abstract: A waste water treatment apparatus which can discharge cleaned waste water while separating and recovering insoluble granular components such as emulsions contained in various kinds of waste waters and various kinds of industrial waste waters, while minimizing the decrease of permeation flux by an effective separation membrane washing, and a washing method of the apparatus are disclosed. In washing the separation membrane, a passageway for water permeated through the separation membrane is intercepted, and a compressed gas is introduced into at least a waste feeding side of the separation membrane for a predetermined time, thereby flowing a gas liquid mixed liquid.

Abstract: An organic polymer solution composition and a process for producing an electrically conductive organic polymer using the composition are disclosed. The composition comprising in organic polymer having an imino-p-phenylene structural unit represented by formula (I): ##STR1## as the main repeating unit, a protonic acid salt, and an organic solvent, the polymer and the salt being dissolved in the organic solvent.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor comprising a film-forming metal, a dielectric oxide film formed thereon, and an electrically conductive composite polymer film formed on the dielectric oxide film as a solid electrolyte,the electrically conductive composite polymer film comprising(a) a polyaniline as a first polymer soluble in an organic solvent in an undoped state, which is a polymer having a quinonediimine structural unit and a phenylenediamine structural unit represented by following formula (I) as the main repeating unit; ##STR1## wherein m and n are the molar fractions of the quinonediimine structural unit and the phenylenediamine structural unit, respectively, and 0<m<1, 0<n<1, and m+n=1,(b) a second polymer selected from a polymer having a structure containing an ester group or an amido group in a main chain or a side chain as the main repeating unit and a cellulose derivative, and(c) a protonic acid having a pKa value of 4.8 or less.

Abstract: A process for producing an electrically conductive organic polymer, which comprises subjecting an organic polymer having an imino-p-phenylene structural unit represented by the following formula ##STR1## as the main repeating unit to a doping treatment with a solution having dissolved therein a quinone series oxidizing agent together with a protonic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to an organic polymer having, as the main repeating unit, the compound represented by the general formula: ##STR1## (wherein, m and n respectively show the molar fraction of quinonediimine structure unit and phenylenediamine structure unit in the repeating unit, and 0<m<1, 0<n<1, and m+n=1.), and soluble in an organic solvent in an undoped state, and having the intrinsic viscocity [.eta.] of more than 0.4 dl/g measured in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone at 30.degree. C., and a conducting organic polymer formed by doping a protonic acid to such a polymer.

Abstract: An organic polymer solution comprising an organic solvent and, dissolved therein,(a) an organic polymer which has an imino-p-phenylene structural unit of the formula ##STR1## as a major repeating unit and is organic solvent-soluble, (b) a protonic acid having a pK.sub.a value of 4.8 or less or a derivative thereof,(c) at least one member selected from the group consisting of an oxidizing agent which does not have oxidizing ability at ordinary temperature but has oxidizing ability at temperatures not lower than 60.degree. C., and an oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic substrate, a primer coating formed on the substrate and comprising an organic conducting polymer and a magnetic layer formed on the primer coating, which has good surface smoothness and low surface resistance.