Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display contains data electrodes connected to a data signal generator and strobe electrodes connected to a strobe signal generator. The strobe signal generator supplies strobe signals Vs1 to Vs4 in sequence to the strobe electrodes and the data signal generator supplies data signals Vd1 to Vd4 simultaneously and in synchronism with the strobe signals so as to refresh sequentially the rows of pixels formed at the intersections of the data electrodes and the strobe electrodes. Each data signal is selected from a plurality having the same polarity behaviour with respect to time, the same RMS voltage, and no net DC component.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display includes data electrodes connected to a data signal generator and strobe electrodes connected to a strobe signal generator. The strobe signal generator supplies strobe signals in sequence to the strobe electrodes within a plurality of consecutive time slots and the data signal generator supplies data signals simultaneously and in synchronism with the strobe signals so as to refresh sequentially the rows of pixels formed at the intersections of the data electrodes and the strobe electrodes, each pixel having at least two switching thresholds. Each of the strobe signals comprises a strobe pulse within a corresponding one of the time slots, the strobe pulse being preceded by a pre-pulse which reduces the effects of pixel patterning caused by refreshing the previously refreshed row of pixels. The pre-pulse extends within a time slot preceding the corresponding one of the plurality of consecutive time slots.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display device includes a plurality of pixels, and each of the plurality of pixels includes ferroelectric liquid crystal material having ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules therein capable of being aligned in a first stable alignment state, whereby a principal axis of each of the molecules is aligned at an angle .omega. with respect to a central line, and of being aligned in a second stable alignment state, whereby the principal axis of each of the molecules is aligned at an angle -.omega. with respect to the central line, and a pair of polarizers on opposite sides of the ferroelectric liquid crystal material, a polarizing axis of one of the polarizers being substantially aligned with the central line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate having a single-crystalline silicon layer on one surface thereof; a transparent second substrate disposed opposite the first substrate, the surface of the first substrate having the single-crystalline silicon layer thereon facing the second substrate with a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween; and a plurality of circuit elements formed in the single-crystalline silicon layer in a corresponding relationship to each of a plurality of pixel areas formed on the surface of the first substrate which faces the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal display device comprises a pair of substrates having respective electrodes formed on opposed surfaces thereof, a ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched between the pair of substrates, a pixel formed between the opposed electrodes, and partition walls formed on the electrodes and dividing the pixel into differently-sized partition areas.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal cell including a pair of substrates opposite to each other, each substrate having an electrode film and an orientation control layer thereon, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal filled between the substrates; and a pair of polarizing plates which are provided opposite to each other in the state of "cross nicol" on both sides of the liquid crystal cell; the ferroelectric liquid crystal being bistable in the liquid crystal cell, the polarizing plates being oriented in such a manner that one of their polarizing directions conforms to one of extinction positions of the ferroelectric liquid crystal under no electric field, the liquid crystal cell being applied with an alternating voltage for changing which has a positive portion which gives an apparent tilt angle from one stable state, and a negative portion which gives an apparent tilt angle relative to the other stable state, resulting in display with gray scale.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an assembly of an outer ring of a one-way clutch and a stator housing of a torque converter is provided. An outer ring is provided and its outer peripheral surface is subjected to a plastic deformation process, such as forging, to thereby form an up and down structure which extends from one side only halfway through to the outer side of the outer ring. Preferably, the main body of the outer ring is deformed such that side projections are formed at spaced intervals in a circumferential direction to thereby define a spline-like structure. Then, the outer ring is machined only at its inner peripheral surface and its side surface which is opposite to the side where the up and down structure is formed. Thus, the outer peripheral surface and the side surface where the up and down structure is formed are left unmachined. Then, a stator housing is formed either by molding or casting using the outer ring thus formed as an insert.