Abstract: To provide thin imaging optics that have magnification-adjustment functionality and can fit in a small-form-factor electronic device that has limited thickness or layout space. These imaging optics, which have magnification-adjustment functionality that allows magnification adjustment, are characterized in that a prism (P) with the ability to bend the optical axis by 90° is positioned on the object side. These imaging optics are also characterized in that at least the following are laid out, in this order, behind the optical-axis bending means: a positive-power first group (G1) that produces an intermediate image (II), said intermediate image (II) being a real image; a positive-power second group (G2) that refracts off-axis light rays toward a central axis (O); and a positive-power third group (G3) that focuses the intermediate image (II) onto an imaging element. Light-ray heights at the V-edges throughout the imaging optics are thereby kept low.

Abstract: To provide thin imaging optics that have magnification-adjustment functionality and can fit in a small-form-factor electronic device that has limited thickness or layout space. These imaging optics, which have magnification-adjustment functionality that allows magnification adjustment, are characterized in that a prism (P) with the ability to bend the optical axis by 90° is positioned on the object side. These imaging optics are also characterized in that at least the following are laid out, in this order, behind the optical-axis bending means: a positive-power first group (G1) that produces an intermediate image (II), said intermediate image (II) being a real image; a positive-power second group (G2) that refracts off-axis light rays toward a central axis (O); and a positive-power third group (G3) that focuses the intermediate image (II) onto an imaging element. Light-ray heights at the V-edges throughout the imaging optics are thereby kept low.

Abstract: After a first die and a second die are opened, a base film of a film is separated from the first die so as to tilt the surface of the film with respect to a parting face of the first die.

Abstract: The surfaces of a decorated sheet are tilted with respect to a parting face before a movement of a clamping member. When the clamping member moves to press the decorated sheet under tension to the parting face, a part of the clamping member first comes into contact with the decorated sheet at a position determined by inclination of the surfaces of the decorated sheet and then another portion of the clamping member comes into contact with the decorated sheet.

Abstract: The surfaces of a decorated sheet are tilted with respect to a parting face before a movement of a clamping member. When the clamping member moves to press the decorated sheet under tension to the parting face, a part of the clamping member first comes into contact with the decorated sheet at a position determined by inclination of the surfaces of the decorated sheet and then another portion of the clamping member comes into contact with the decorated sheet.

Abstract: After a first die and a second die are opened, a base film of a film is separated from the first die so as to tilt the surface of the film with respect to a parting face of the first die.

Abstract: Generally, it is difficult to previously know an adequate position of a special optical surface such as an aspherical surface, a diffraction optical element, or an eccentric surface in an optical system. If a trial of designing an optical system with all the possible surface numbers is made, the number of combinations is very large, and the designing is often impossible. The invention solves such a problem and provides means for automatically and efficiently finding out the most suitable surface number of a special optical surface. According to the invention, the surface number of a special optical surface different from a spherical surface is expanded to a real number value, the constitution of an optical system including a special optical surface having a real number value surface number is defined, the real number value surface number is used as an independent variable for optimizing the optical system, and the best surface number of the special optical surface is determined.

Abstract: Generally, it is difficult to previously know an adequate position of a special optical surface such as an aspherical surface, a diffraction optical element, or an eccentric surface in an optical system. If a trial of designing an optical system with all the possible surface numbers is made, the number of combinations is very large, and the designing is often impossible. The invention solves such a problem and provides means for automatically and efficiently finding out the most suitable surface number of a special optical surface. According to the invention, the surface number of a special optical surface different from a spherical surface is expanded to a real number value, the constitution of an optical system including a special optical surface having a real number value surface number is defined, the real number value surface number is used as an independent variable for optimizing the optical system, and the best surface number of the special optical surface is determined.

Abstract: The present inventors have found the presence of a nanobubble that has not been confirmed conventionally, and established a method for producing nanobubbles. The inventors have determined the theoretically expected characteristics of the produced nanobubbles, found new characteristics by analyzing data experimentally collected, and elucidated the relationship among the characters. Specifically, the inventors have found that a nanobubble has features such as decrease of the buoyant force, increase of the surface area, increase of the surface activity, generation of a local high-pressure field, interface activating action, and sterilizing action thanks to electrostatic polarization. By the association among the features, any of wide variety of objects can be cleaned with high performance and with light environmental load thanks to the function of adsorbing foul components, the function of cleaning the surface of an object quickly, and the sterilizing function, and polluted water can be purified.

Abstract: Optical properties with high non-linearity such as a modulation transfer function (MTF) are efficiently optimized at high speed compared to conventional methods. An optimal solution of an optical system is obtained in a first optimization unit using a merit function on aberration. Weights or target values of the merit function on aberration is automatically adjusted in a second optimization unit in a manner that an evaluated value of the MTF or the like approaches a desired value. The first optimization unit re-optimizes the optical system using the weights or target values which have been automatically adjusted. Thus, automated is a function equivalent to the operation which has been conducted by a designer such as adjustment to weights or target values.

Abstract: An injection-compression molding apparatus includes a stationary mold provided with a nozzle for injecting molten resin, and a movable mold driven by a servo motor. In compressing the resin, high-speed position control of the movable mold is first performed, which is then switched to speed feedback control which enables delicate regulation of clamping pressure in accordance with pressure fluctuations in the resin.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for producing a metal oxide, which comprises the steps of: dissolving a metal organic compound (e.g. a metal organic acid salt, a metal acetylacetonato complex, and a metal alkoxide having an organic group with 6 or more carbon atoms) in a solvent to provide a state of solution, applying the solution onto a substrate, drying the solution, and subjecting the resultant substrate to irradiation with a laser light of a 400 nm or less wavelength, to form a metal oxide on the substrate. According to that method, a metal oxide can be produced without applying a heat treatment at a high temperature of the degree adopted in the conventionally known application thermal decomposition method.

Abstract: A thermal transportation method utilizes polyvinyl alcohol which is added to a liquid, and the liquid is cooled to form an ice slurry that is pumped through a pipe to effect the thermal transportation.

Abstract: Optical properties with high non-linearity such as a modulation transfer function (MTF) are efficiently optimized at high speed compared to conventional methods. An optimal solution of an optical system is obtained in a first optimization unit using a merit function on aberration. Weights or target values of the merit function on aberration is automatically adjusted in a second optimization unit in a manner that an evaluated value of the MTF or the like approaches a desired value. The first optimization unit re-optimizes the optical system using the weights or target values which have been automatically adjusted. Thus, automated is a function equivalent to the operation which has been conducted by a designer such as adjustment to weights or target values.

Abstract: A method of etching a surface of a transparent solid material with a laser beam, wherein the surface is irradiated with the laser beam having a fluence of 0.01-100 J/cm2/pulse while maintaining a fluid capable of absorbing the laser beam in contact with an opposite surface of the solid material.

Abstract: An injection-compression molding apparatus includes a stationary mold provided with a nozzle for injecting molten resin, and a movable mold driven by a servo motor. In compressing the resin, high-speed position control of the movable mold is first performed, which is then switched to speed feedback control which enables delicate regulation of clamping pressure in accordance with pressure fluctuations in the resin.

Abstract: A heat exchanger which uses a drag reduction fluid as one of its two heat transfer media has a heat transfer plate formed with irregularities.

Abstract: In an imaging lens suitable for image reading of a four-lens element configuration comprising, successively from the object side, positive, positive, negative, and positive lenses, at least one surface of the fourth lens is made aspherical, whereby lighter weight and lower cost are achieved, while various kinds of aberration are corrected. The four-lens element imaging lens comprises, successively from the object side, positive first and second lenses L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 each having a surface on the object side convex toward the object side, a negative third lens L.sub.3 having a surface on the image side concave toward the image side, and a positive fourth lens L.sub.4 having at least one aspheric surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for a method using hydrogen-occluded alloy for recovering power from waste heat includes first and second heat exchangers containing hydrogen-occluded alloy, a first selector valve for alternating introduction of waste heat fluid between the first and second heat exchangers, a second selector valve for alternating introduction of cooling fluid between the first and second heat exchangers, a turbine associated with the heat exchangers, and a power generator connected to the turbine. The hydrogen-occluded alloy in the first and second heat exchangers is in the form of a multiplicity of stages that release the hydrogen gas at different temperatures, with the hydrogen gas being produced at a prescribed pressure by contact with waste heat fluid.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for surface-modifying a fluorocarbonpolymer-molded article and a method for chemical plating the surface. The method for surface-modifying comprises irradiating the fluorocarbonpolymer-molded article with an ultraviolet laser beam having a wavelength of 250 nm or less, in the presence of hydrazine compound, to make a surface of the said fluorocarbonpolymer-molded article hydrophilic. The surface made being hydrophilic is made lipophilic by chemical treating with an organic acid anhydride. The method for chemical plating comprises chemical plating the surface made being hydrophilic by the above method for surface-modifying, to deposit a metal film on a surface of the fluorocarbonpolymer-molded article.