Abstract: A method of processing a photosensitive glass includes exposing. Photosensitive glass by radiation from a laser whose oscillation wavelength lies within the range of wavelengths of exposing light to which the glass responds. Then, the exposed portions 1c are thermally developed and etched. Since a laser beam propagates with a high rectilinearity, the front and rear surfaces of thick photosensitive glass can be exposed without producing dimensional errors. Therefore, the etching accuracy is improved. Especially, where the front and rear surfaces of photosensitive glass are etched, both surfaces can be processed so as to form the same shape in them accurately. In addition, because almost all the energy of the laser radiation is used for exposure of the photosensitive glass, the energy is not wasted and so the efficiency is high.

Abstract: A method for transportation, utilization and recovery of heat comprises the wide-area installation of methanol and reformed gas supply pipelines, combustion of the methanol and reformed gas to obtain high-temperature heat, subjecting reformed gas supplied from the reformed gas supply pipeline to an exothermic reform reaction and feeding the methanol thus produced into the methanol supply pipeline to obtain low-temperature heat, subjecting methanol supplied from the methanol supply pipeline to an endothermic reform reaction and feeding the reformed gas thus produced into the reformed gas supply pipeline and recovering the waste heat that is generated.

Abstract: A thin electroconductive film is formed by irradiating a shaped article of chlorinated vinyl polymer with a pulsive light having a pulse duration of not greater than 100 nsec., a fluence of above about 15 mJ/cm.sup.2 /pulse and below that at which the polymer is subject to ablation, a laser wavelength of from about 190 to about 300 nm, and repetition frequency of above about 1 Hz and below that at which the polymer is subject to deformation and/or decomposition by a regenerative function of irradiation, under vacuum or in an oxygen-free atmosphere, thereby irradiating the article with total photon numbers of at least 1.times.10.sup.18 /cm.sup.2 without causing photocrosslinking, oxidation or cleavage of the backbone chain. The invention does not use materials other than the starting polymer such as solvents or strong bases that can contaminate the thin film during a dehydrochlorination, so there is no need to remove solvents after reaction and no residual salts will be formed in the dehydrochlorination.

Abstract: The present invention lies in a process for modifying the surface of a molded article, which process comprises irradiating the surface of a molded article composed of an aromatic polymer or a polymer composition containing said aromatic polymer, with an ultraviolet laser beam having a wavelength of about 150 nm-380 nm at a fluence at least lower than the threshold to modify the surface as compared with the condition before the irradiation. The process makes it possible to modify the condition of the laser beam-irradiated surface portions of the molded article to, for example, a white color or black color, whereby the molded article can be endowed with functions and properties required in its use in various applications.

Abstract: Electrodes are provided separated by spaces through which a liquid comes in and out, the electrodes being located 0.5 mm to 6.0 mm from the heat transfer surface in a liquid which has an electrical conductivity of 10.sup.-10 (1/(.OMEGA..multidot.m)) or more, the velocity of the flow being within the range of a Reynolds number for a laminar flow range, and a high-voltage direct current is applied to the electrodes to thereby produce turbulent components in the flow of the liquid to augment heat transfer between the liquid and the heat transfer surface.

Abstract: Polykis-azobenzenes as an important coloring material can be prepared by irradiating diazidobenzene or a derivative thereof with ultraviolet light in the form of a solution in an organic solvent, in the form of a thin film or fine powder or in the form of vapor under reduced pressure.

Abstract: A device for generating jets in which two electrodes are disposed in a liquid. One of the electrodes is a plane electrode and the other is disposed at a predetermined distance from the plane electrode and has a plurality of space areas. The space areas are alternately large and small. When a high voltage is applied between the two electrodes, jets are generated from the large space areas.

Abstract: A method for promoting a boiling heat transfer by applying an electric field to a heat exchange medium, comprises making the relaxation time of an electric charge of a heat exchange medium used equal to or smaller than the characteristic time with respect to motion of bubbles generated by the heat transfer surface in the heat exchange medium to maximize the maximum boiling heat flux.

Abstract: In condensation heat transfer, the efficiency of heat transfer at the heat transfer surface is notably augmented by opposing at least one electrode across a prescribed space to the heat transfer surface and applying a high electric potential capable of producing a non-uniform electric field on the heat transfer surface thereby enabling the condensate liquid formed on the heat transfer surface to be attracted by virtue of the electric field to the electrode, formed into a liquid column and removed from the heat transfer surface.

Abstract: A given enzyme is immobilized by a method comprising the steps of mixing the enzyme with an azido compound and a high molecular compound as a carrier, forming the resultant mixture in a desired shape, drying the formed mixture and exposing the formed and dried mixture to light for thereby causing the enzyme to be bound to the azido group of the azido compound and to be bound to the high molecular compound.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition comprising 2-azidobiphenyl or its derivative and a triplet sensitizer produces a stable image by irradiation.Both of coloring and fixing are conducted by irradiating with light of different spectral distributions.

Abstract: Benzo[C]cinnoline or its derivative is prepared by irradiating 2,2'-diazidobiphenyl or its derivative with light in a low-temperature rigid solvent.