Abstract: A scanner system includes, a tube type piezoelectric scanner having a free end displaceable in X, Y and Z directions and supporting a sample at its free end, a driver for applying voltages to the scanner for displacing the sample, an optical unit for optically detecting the X, Y and Z direction displacements of the free end and for outputting corresponding displacement signals, and a scan controller for computing correction signals based on the displacement signals so as to apply voltages which correct the voltage-displacement nonlinear characteristic of the scanner to the scanner and for supplying them to the driver.

Abstract: A scanning tunneling potentio-spectroscopic microscope, includes a conductive probe and a circuit for selectively applying one of first, second and third bias voltages to a sample. A tunnel current flowing between the probe and sample is detected, and a tunnel current signal is produced upon detection thereof. A servo circuit controls a distance between the probe and sample on the basis of the tunnel current signal by producing a servo signal as a feedback signal. A hold circuit switches the servo circuit between operating and non-operating states. Configuration data on a surface of the sample is obtained, on the basis of the servo signal, with the first bias voltage applied to the sample and with the servo circuit in the operating state. A first dependence of the tunnel current on the bias voltage is obtained, from the tunnel current signal and the second bias voltage, with the second bias voltage applied to the sample and with the servo circuit in the non-operating state.

Abstract: A sample is mounted on a piezoelectric actuator and a cantilever provided with a probe is located thereabove. A bias voltage applying circuit supplies the sample with a potential difference V.sub.T and sends out a current signal I.sub.T representing the electric current flowing between the sample and the probe to a current detecting circuit. The current signal is converted into logI.sub.T in a logarithmic amplifier and given to a differential amplifier. A displacement detecting circuit is arranged above the cantilever for detecting the displacement of the free end of the cantilever due to the atomic force appearing between the sample and the probe and for sending a displacement signal Z.sub.TIP representing the displacement to another differential amplifier. The signals from the differential amplifiers are respectively fed to terminals of an analog switch. The analog switch selects a signal to be fed to a control circuit, which control circuit generates and transmits a signal V.sub.

Abstract: A scanning probe microscope comprises a cantilever having a conductive probe positioned near a sample, an actuator for moving the sample to and away from the probe, a circuit for applying a bias voltage between the probe and sample to produce a tunnel current therebetween, a circuit for detecting the produced tunnel current, a circuit for detecting the amount of displacement of the probe resultant from interatomic forces acting between atomics of the probe and sample, thereby producing signals, a circuit for providing the actuator for feedback in response to the output signals from the circuit to retain constant the distance between the probe and sample, thereby causing the actuator to move the sample, a circuit for forming an STS image data from the detected tunnel current, a circuit for forming an STM image data from the detected tunnel current, and a circuit for forming an AFM image data. Thus, the STS, STP and AFM images are separately obtained simultaneously.

Abstract: A bias voltage U.sub.B including a sine-wave voltage U.sub.T sin.omega. .sub.o t and an off-set voltage U.sub.REG is applied to an electrode on a sample. A potential U.sub.1 of the electrode is represented by: U.sub.1 =U.sub.REG +U.sub.T sin.omega. .sub.o t. A voltage including the bias voltage U.sub.B and a voltage .DELTA.U is applied to an electrode on the sample. A probe is approached to the sample by several nm, and a tunnel current I.sub.T flows therebetween. And the probe scans the surface of the sample. During the scan, the position of the probe is servo-controlled in the z-direction, to make constant the average absolute value of the tunnel current. The servo voltage is recorded thereby obtaining an STM image. Given that the potential difference between the electrode and a surface portion facing the probe is U.sub.S (x), the average of U.sub.1 +U.sub.S (x) becomes zero when the average of the tunnel current I.sub.T is zero. Accordingly, <U.sub.S (x)+U.sub.REG +U.sub.T sin.omega. .sub.

Abstract: A barrier height measuring apparatus includes a conductive cantilever with a probe which is placed close to a specimen. The cantilever is elastically deformed by the interatomic force existing between the cantilever and specimen while the cantilever is oscillated. The displacement of the cantilever against the specimen is detected while the distance between the probe and the specimen is controlled to maintain the oscillation amplitude of the cantilever to a constant level. The apparatus includes a bias source for applying a voltage of a predetermined waveform between the specimen and the cantilever to cause a tunneling current to flow between them, and an arithmetic processor for calculating the barrier height of the surface of the specimen from the tunnel current and the displacement of the cantilever.

Abstract: A scanning tunnel spectroscope comprises a generator for applying a bias voltage (V.sub.T) of a sin wave between a sample and probe, an I-V converter for converting a tunnel current flowing when the probe is set close to the sample, to a tunnel current representing voltage singal (I.sub.T), a detector for detecting the absolute value of the voltage signal (I.sub.t), and a servo circuit for servo-controlling a distance between the sample and probe using the absolute value with the servo time constant set larger than five times the period of the bias voltage. The information concerning the unevenness of the sample is obtained based on an output of the servo control means. A unit is provided for effecting the analog operation to derive a differential conductance based on the tunnel current on the real time basis and measuring the unevenness data and differential conductance between the sample and probe kept constant.

Abstract: An electretized material for a dust filter which is made of an insulating polymer material such as polypropylene incorporated with a fatty acid metal salt in an amount of not less than 100 ppm in terms of the metal.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for use in passenger cars is disclosed, which comprises a carcass as a reinforcement for a tire casing and a belt composed of two parallel-arranged belt layers each containing steel cords therein, the cords of which layers being crossed with each other with respect to the mid-circumferential line of the tire. In this tire, the belt is composed of a combination of a rubberized layer containing flexible and stretchable steel cords of strand construction in the same direction, each cord having a bending resistance of 5.about.1.4 gf/mm as a ratio of load to unit deflection under loading in three-point bending test and an elongation under a load of 3 kgf of 0.5.about.2% in tension test, and a layer and/or a cap composed of textile cords surrounding an outer periphery of each of at least both side ends of the rubberized layer.

Abstract: A passenger car pneumatic tire excellent in cornering stability, which is characterized in that the following ratio relations are met when the tire is assembled onto a rim with an internal pressure being filled:0.55.ltoreq.hw/h.ltoreq.0.700.75.ltoreq.tw/w.ltoreq.0.950.17.ltoreq.m/l.ltoreq.0.

Abstract: An electretized material for a dust filter which is made of an insulating polymer material such as polypropylene incorporated with a fatty acid metal salt in an amount of not less than 100 ppm in terms of the metal.

Abstract: A duster of an improved type for dust capturing efficiency, comprising a cylindrical stem with a continuous spiral thread extending along a portion thereof, a grip engaged with said stem, and fabric materials comprising a band of fiber or fibril bundles which are made of a ductile synthetic resin film or foil which has been split into fibers or fibrils and crimped. The bundles are arranged in a meandering manner. One edge of the band comprises loose edges while the other edge is held together by one or more strings. The secured edge is disposed within the thread with the ends of said material being engaged, respectively, by a supporting member provided at the tip of said stem and an engaging member provided at the root portion of the thread.

Abstract: An alkyl-ketohexopyranoside derivative having pharmacological actions such as antiallergic actions, represented by the following general formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group having at least 3 carbon atoms, the derivatives excluding the D-fructose derivative wherein R is n-propyl group.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a duster and the duster manufactured therefrom are described, the duster head being made of strands of a blend polymer film of a mixture of isotactic polypropylene and polyethylene, which has been processed to be in an electret state, so that dust collecting and holding efficiency are improved and gross bulk, and texture of the head of the duster are highly improved with rich resiliency and a convenient usage being provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dust-controlling mat comprising tufted pile yarns containing fibers composed of a grafting product or polymer blend of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl chloride and a dust adsorbing agent retained in the tufted pile yarns in an amount of 1 to 40% by weight based on the tufted piled yarns. This dust-controlling mat has an excellent dust-controlling property and a highly improved flame-proofing property in combination.

Abstract: A family of antibiotics active against pathogenic yeasts and fungi comprises aculeacin-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, -F, and -G. These are produced from cultured broth of Aspergillus aculeatus FERM-P 2324.