Abstract: The catalyst inside a catalytic reaction column is replaced while running the catalytic reaction by diverting a basically monophase fluid to keep it from passing through the catalyst, evacuating from the column the catalyst that has lost at least a portion of its properties, introducing into the column a quantity of catalyst that is approximately equal to the quantity of catalyst that was evacuated from the column, and restoring the circulation of the basically monophase fluid through the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the decomposition of tertiary alkyl ether(s), preferably selected from the group formed by ETBE, MTBE, TAME and ETAE, for the production of generally high purity tertiary olefin(s), preferably isobutene and isoamylenes, using a catalyst comprising at least one inorganic solid, for example a polysiloxane type solid, grafted with at least one alkyl sulphonic acid, aryl sulphonic acid or alkylaryl sulphonic acid type organic group.

Abstract: A process for producing an alpha olefin, a tertiary olefin or a tertiary alkyl ether from an unsaturated hydrocarbon cut containing at least one alpha olefin and at least one etherifiable tertiary olefin comprises synthesising at least one tertiary alkyl ether to obtain a product which is separated into a fraction (O1) which is depleted in ether and containing the alpha olefin and a fraction (E1) which is enriched in ether, followed by decomposition of at least a portion of the ether in fraction (E1) into a product (P1) containing at least one alcohol and at least one tertiary olefin, which is fractionated in a fractionation zone (C5) into a fraction (B1) containing the major portion of the tertiary olefin and a fraction (A1) containing the major portion of the alcohol.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the alkylation of at least one isoaffin selected from the group formed by isobutane and isopentane by at least one olefin containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule in the presence of a liquid acid catalyst, the process comprising mixing a feed comprising the olefin to be converted with an effluent comprising a major portion of isoparaffin in a first mixing zone, and forming an emulsion of said catalyst in a hydrocarbon effluent comprising a major portion of isoparaffin in an emulsifying zone, said effluent constituting the continuous phase of the emulsion thus formed, then mixing a major portion of the emulsion of acid in hydrocarbon effluent with a major portion of the diluted feed comprising the olefin in a second mixing zone, followed by carrying out the majority of the reaction in a reaction zone which is supplied by the major portion of said mixture.

Abstract: A process for treating a feedstock containing olefins of 6 carbon atoms per molecule, said olefins being either potentially etherifiable or (directly) etherifiable, wherein isomerization of a portion of the potentially etherifiable olefins is accomplished in part in an isomerization zone, in the presence of an isomerization catalyst that makes it possible to obtain an isomerization effluent which comprises in part etherifiable olefins, and in that, in part, etherification is carried out, in the presence of an etherification catalyst and at least one alcohol that has 1 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule, of a portion of etherifiable olefins that are contained in the feedstock, in a first etherification zone, and in part etherification is carried out of a portion of etherifiable olefins that are contained in said isomerization effluent, in a second etherification zone, in the presence of an etherification catalyst and at least one alcohol that has 1 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule, to optimize the production of ethe

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the separation of a mixture comprising ethylene, 1-butene, alpha-olefins containing at least 6 carbon atoms per molecule and possibly heavier hydrocarbon products, the ethylene content of the mixture being in the range 30% to 70% by weight, in which separation is effected in a distillation zone to obtain an overhead fraction comprising the major portion of the ethylene present in the mixture and between 0% and 100% by weight of the 1-butene present in the mixture, the process being characterized in that the zone is also supplied with supplemental 1-butene in an amount in the range 1 to 40 times the quantity (by weight) of 1-butene present in the mixture. In a preferred implementation of the process of the invention, the mixture originates form a homogenous liquid phase ethylene oligomerisation zone.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the alkylation of an isoparaffin by an olefin in the presence of a catalyst. In the process, a portion of the isoparaffin recovered after extraction from the reaction zone (R) is recycled to the reaction zone and the feed is periodcally injected into the reaction zone while the recycled isoparafin fraction is continuously injected into the reaction zone.

Abstract: The invention concerns a reactive distillation process carried out in a reactive distillation zone which includes at least one catalytic zone flanked by two distillation zones, the vapor from the distillation circulating from bottom to top so as to be in practically no contact with the catalyst, and the liquid circulating from the upper distillation zone (5) to a substantially central zone at the bottom of the catalytic zone without contacting the catalyst, then circulating radially below the catalytic zone via at least one means (20) so as to be introduced into a liquid distribution zone (23), then circulating through the catalytic bed (8) in the catalytic zone, following which the liquid is recovered via at least one liquid overflow means (19) in a lower distillation zone (14).The invention also concerns an apparatus for reactive distillation.

Abstract: A process for the alkylation of at least one isoparaffin by at least one olefin in the presence of at least one solid acidic catalyst, characterized in that the major portion of the olefin is initially brought into contact with the catalyst in a complexing zone to form an olefin-catalyst complex in the presence of the isoparaffin, and in that the suspension of the complex in the isoparaffin is then sent to at least one alkylation reaction zone.

Abstract: The process of butene-1 production comprises the steps of: a) sending a inhibited catalyst containing reactor effluent to a flash section where the pressure is decreased by about 0.1 MPa to about 2 MPa, and obtaining a first gaseous phase containing ethylene and butene-1 and a first liquid phase containing the inhibited catalyst; b) sending the first liquid phase from step a) to at least one vaporisation section which allows the separation of a second gaseous phase containing butene-1 and ethylene from a second liquid phase containing the inhibited catalyst; c) sending the second liquid phase from step b) to at least one thin film evaporation section which allows the separation of a third gaseous phase containing ethylene, butene-1 and some other heavier hydrocarbon products from a concentrated inactivated catalyst solution and, d) collecting the first, second and third gaseous phases to form a gaseous reactor effluent substantially free of spent catalyst.

Abstract: The invention concerns a rejuvenation process for a solid catalyst for the alkylation of at least one isoparaffin by at least one olefin. The process is characterised in that the catalyst is rejuvenated in the reaction zone by circulating an isoparaffin-rich liquid fraction over the bed, said fraction originating from a zone for separating the reaction effluent extracted from the reaction zone.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process and catalyst for the production of cyclohexane by hydrogenation of benzene, comprising at least the two following steps: a) gradually introducing the feed of benzene for hydrogenation and a hydrogen-rich gas into a reaction zone containing a cyclohexane-rich liquid and a nickel-based catalyst in colloidal suspension and recovering a gaseous phase containing cyclohexane, hydrogen and benzene; b) introducing the gaseous phase into a reactor operating under hydrogenation conditions and containing at least one fixed bed of a solid nickel-based hydrogenation catalyst, wherein the nickel-based catalyst used in step a) is a product which results from the reduction, by at least one trialkylaluminium compound, of a solution of at least one nickel carboxylate and at least one sodium carboxylate in solution, the Ni:Na molar ratio being between 2:1 and 1000:1 in a hydrocarbon or a hydrocarbon mixture.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine fuel is produced from a mixture of hydrocarbons comprising olefinic hydrocarbons containing 5 to 8 carbon atoms characterized in that it is produced by a process comprising a) a catalytic etherification step for at least a portion of the etherifiable olefins contained in said hydrocarbon mixture, using at least one alcohol containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the quantity of alcohol employed being such that the alcohol:etherifiable olefin molar ratio is at least 1:1, and b) a water washing step for the ether-containing product before recovery as a fuel.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the isomerisation of less substituted olefins to more substituted external olefins and/or internal olefins in the absence of diolefins, in the presence of a palladium based catalyst deposited on a support. Before loading it into the reactor, said catalyst is treated with at least one sulphur-containing compound which is dissolved in a solvent then activated in a neutral or reducing atmosphere between 20.degree. C. and 300.degree. C., 1 and 50 bars and with a VVH of 50 to 600 h.sup.-1. The catalyst, containing 0.05% to 10% by weight of sulphur, is brought into contact with the feedstock and hydrogen between 20.degree. C. and 200.degree. C., 1 and 50 bars, a VVH of 0.5 to 10 h.sup.-1 and a H.sub.2 /olefin molar ratio of 0.01 to 1.

Abstract: A reaction-distillation method is provided in which a chemical reaction and fractionation are conducted in an apparatus having at least one reaction-distillation zone (A,B) including at least one bed of solid elements disposed on a fluid-permeable support (5) having perforations small enough to retain the elements. The bed of solid elements includes loose solid catalytic particles (2) and at least one receptacle (3), containing at least one distillation packing body (4). The external jacket of the at least one receptacle (3) is permeable to fluids and impermeable to the solid catalytic particles (2) and the packing body (4). The apparatus can be used for carrying out chemical reactions and concomitant fractionation of the reaction mixture, for example, to synthesize ethers from olefins and alcohols.

Abstract: Amine phosphate having a terminal imide cycle resulting from the reaction, under formation conditions for an amine salt, of at least one phosphate complying with the general formula (I): ##STR1## in which n is equal to 1 or 2, R.sup.1 is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, R.sup.6 stands for a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group normally having 1 to 200 carbon atoms, with at least one amine. Preparation process in accordance with standard methods and use of these compounds as additives in fuels for engines, if appropriate in formulations containing a second constituent consisting of at least one product chosen from among the germination additives of paraffins, whereby said formulations can also contain at least one paraffin crystal growth inhibiting product.

Abstract: Additive formulation for engine fuels incorporating at least one constituent (A) and at least one constituent (B), constituent(A) consisting of at least one composition incorporating products resulting from the reaction of at least one dicarboxylic compound(D), whose carboxylic functions are separated by at the most eight carbon atoms, with at least one polyoxyalkylene glycol or glycol mono-ether (E) of general formula (I):R.sup.1 --O--(R.sup.2 --O).sub.n --H,in which R.sup.1 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and n is a number from 1 to 60; and constituent (B) consisting of at least one detergent-dispersant product. This formulation preferably also comprises a constituent (C) chosen from within the group formed by mineral or synthetic lubricating oils and polyglycols soluble in the fuel.

Abstract: An additive composition for fuels comprising at least one constituent (A) and at least one constituent (B), the said constituent (A) comprising at least one multinitrogen-containing compound of general formula (I): ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which are the same or different each represent a hydrocarbon group or a group of formula R.sup.5 --(--O--R.sup.6 --).sub.a --(--O--R.sup.7 --).sub.b --, R.sup.3 is a hydrocarbon group or a group of formula R.sup.8 --(--X--R.sup.9 --).sub.c --(--X--R.sup.1 O--).sub.d --(--X--R.sup.1 1--).sub.e -- in which X is selected from the groups --O-- and --NR.sup.1 2--, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.1 0 and R.sup.1 1 each represent a hydrocarbon group, a, d and e are each zero or a whole number, b and c are each a whole number, R.sup.4 and R.sup.1 2 each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group and n is a number from 0 to 20 and the said constituent (B) comprises at least one polyglycol which is soluble in the fuel in question.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a tertiary alkyl ether, in particular methyl tert. amyl ether (MTAE), is described which comprises reacting, in a reaction section, a charge constituted by a mixture of C.sub.5 hydrocarbons, including reactive isopentenes, with an aliphatic monoalcohol in excess, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol or isopropanol, and collecting in the bottom of a fractionation section the corresponding pure tert. alkyl ether. The head effluent, after condensation, is subdivided into a liquid reflux and a distillate. The process is further characterized by providing a finishing reactor for the reflux, or for the reflux + distillate effluent prior to the subdivision thereof, or two finishing reactors are provided, one for the reflux and the other for the distillate, along with the possibility of injecting aliphatic monoalcohol upstream of each finishing reactor.

Abstract: The simultaneous production of an olefin-free, tert.amyl alkyl, ether-rich fraction an n-pentane-rich paraffin fraction, wherein a charge based on isopentenes is hydrogenated (1) under appropriate conditions to bring about a distribution of the methyl butenes close to thermodynamic equilibrium and then the hydrogenation effluent is treated in an etherification zone (2).