Abstract: In some implementations, an optical device for mounting in a flip-chip configuration includes a plurality of flip-chip bumps that are arranged in a pattern on the optical device, wherein the pattern is not aligned with a crystal cleavage plane associated with a substrate of the optical device. In some implementations, the optical device further includes a gap that separates a primary region of the optical device and a secondary region of the optical device, wherein at least one portion of a side of the gap is oriented at a non-zero angle to the crystal cleavage plane.

Abstract: An emitter array may comprise a plurality of emitters that includes two adjacent emitters. The emitter array may comprise a plurality of emitters that includes two adjacent emitters. The ohmic metal layer may include a portion that is shared by, and located between, the two adjacent emitters. The emitter array may comprise a protective layer over the ohmic metal layer. The emitter array may comprise a via through the protective layer to the portion. The via is shared by, and located between, the two adjacent emitters.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for improved mapping data validation using randomness measures. Methods may include receiving a map dataset that includes a plurality of map features. A knowledge graph may be generated based on the map dataset that may include nodes representing or corresponding to the map features. Nodes corresponding to map features of a particular feature type may be identified and edges connected to the identified nodes may be processed to identify a plurality of paths. A randomness measure for the particular feature type may be determined based on the plurality of paths. The randomness measure may indicate a predictability of occurrences of map features of the particular feature type in the map dataset. The randomness measure may then be compared to a second randomness measure determined based on another map dataset.

Abstract: An emitter array may comprise a plurality of emitters that includes two adjacent emitters. The emitter array may comprise a plurality of emitters that includes two adjacent emitters. The ohmic metal layer may include a portion that is shared by, and located between, the two adjacent emitters. The emitter array may comprise a protective layer over the ohmic metal layer. The emitter array may comprise a via through the protective layer to the portion. The via is shared by, and located between, the two adjacent emitters.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media for identifying traffic control features based on telemetry patterns within digital image representations of vehicle telemetry information. The disclosed systems can generate a digital image representation based on collected telemetry information to represent the frequency of different speed-location combinations for transportation vehicles passing through a traffic area. The disclosed systems can also apply a convolutional neural network to analyze the digital image representation and generate a predicted classification of a type of traffic control feature that corresponds to the digital image representation of vehicle telemetry information. The disclosed systems further train the convolutional neural network to determine traffic control features based on training data.

Abstract: An emitter may include a substrate, a conductive layer on at least a bottom surface of a trench, and a first metal layer to provide a first electrical contact of the emitter on an epitaxial side of the substrate. The first metal layer may be within the trench such that the first metal layer contacts the conductive layer within the trench. The emitter may further include a second metal layer to provide a second electrical contact of the emitter on the epitaxial side of the substrate, and an isolation implant to block lateral current flow between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact.

Abstract: An emitter may include a substrate, a conductive layer on at least a bottom surface of a trench, and a first metal layer to provide a first electrical contact of the emitter on an epitaxial side of the substrate. The first metal layer may be within the trench such that the first metal layer contacts the conductive layer within the trench. The emitter may further include a second metal layer to provide a second electrical contact of the emitter on the epitaxial side of the substrate, and an isolation implant to block lateral current flow between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact.

Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) may include a substrate layer, epitaxial layers on the substrate layer, and angled reflectors configured to receive an optical beam emitted toward a bottom surface of the VCSEL and redirect the optical beam through an exit window in a top surface of the VCSEL. In some implementations, the angled reflectors may be formed in the substrate layer. Additionally, or alternatively, the VCSEL may include molded optics, where the molded optics include the angled reflectors. In some implementations, the exit window may include an integrated lens.

Abstract: A surface emitting laser may include an isolation layer including a first center portion and a first plurality of outer portions extending from the first center portion, and a metal layer including a second center portion and a second plurality of outer portions extending from the second center portion. The metal layer may be formed on the isolation layer such that a first outer portion, of the second plurality of outer portions, is formed over one of the first plurality of outer portions. The surface emitting laser may include a passivation layer including a plurality of openings. An opening may be formed over the first outer portion. The surface emitting laser may include a plurality of oxidation trenches. An oxidation trench may be positioned at least partially between the first outer portion and a second outer portion of the second plurality of outer portions.

Abstract: A vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) may include a substrate and a set of epitaxial layers on the substrate. The set of epitaxial layers may include a first mirror and a second mirror, an active region between the first mirror and the second mirror, and an oxidation layer to provide optical and electrical confinement in the VCSEL. The oxidation layer may be near the first mirror. The set of epitaxial layers may include an oxide lens to control a characteristic of an output beam emitted by the VCSEL. The oxide lens may be separate from the oxidation layer, and may be a lens that is separate from the first mirror and from the second mirror.

Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) may include a top contact, wherein the top contact is associated with a particular shape, and wherein the particular shape is a toothed shape with a particular quantity of teeth. The VCSEL may include at least one implanted region. The VCSEL may include at least one top contact segment.

Abstract: A surface emitting laser may include an isolation layer including a first center portion and a first plurality of outer portions extending from the first center portion, and a metal layer including a second center portion and a second plurality of outer portions extending from the second center portion. The metal layer may be formed on the isolation layer such that a first outer portion, of the second plurality of outer portions, is formed over one of the first plurality of outer portions. The surface emitting laser may include a passivation layer including a plurality of openings. An opening may be formed over the first outer portion. The surface emitting laser may include a plurality of oxidation trenches. An oxidation trench may be positioned at least partially between the first outer portion and a second outer portion of the second plurality of outer portions.

Abstract: In some implementations, an optical device for mounting in a flip-chip configuration includes a plurality of flip-chip bumps that are arranged in a pattern on the optical device, wherein the pattern is not aligned with a crystal cleavage plane associated with a substrate of the optical device. In some implementations, the optical device further includes a gap that separates a primary region of the optical device and a secondary region of the optical device, wherein at least one portion of a side of the gap is oriented at a non-zero angle to the crystal cleavage plane.

Abstract: An apparatus may include an upper transparent plate to hold a wafer of bottom-emitting or bottom-detecting optical devices, wherein the upper transparent plate comprises a set of holes in an area of the upper transparent plate for holding the wafer. The apparatus may include a lower transparent plate and a structure supporting the upper transparent plate and the lower transparent plate to form a cavity bounded by the upper transparent plate, the lower transparent plate, and the structure, wherein the structure comprises an opening in fluid communication with the cavity, wherein applying suction through the opening, via the cavity and the set of holes, holds the wafer flat on the upper transparent plate, and wherein an optical path, between a bottom-emitting or bottom-detecting optical device of the bottom-emitting or bottom-detecting optical devices of the wafer and a testing device, passes through the upper transparent plate, the cavity, and the lower transparent plate.

Abstract: An apparatus may include an upper transparent plate to hold a wafer of bottom-emitting or bottom-detecting optical devices, wherein the upper transparent plate comprises a set of holes in an area of the upper transparent plate for holding the wafer. The apparatus may include a lower transparent plate and a structure supporting the upper transparent plate and the lower transparent plate to form a cavity bounded by the upper transparent plate, the lower transparent plate, and the structure, wherein the structure comprises an opening in fluid communication with the cavity, wherein applying suction through the opening, via the cavity and the set of holes, holds the wafer flat on the upper transparent plate, and wherein an optical path, between a bottom-emitting or bottom-detecting optical device of the bottom-emitting or bottom-detecting optical devices of the wafer and a testing device, passes through the upper transparent plate, the cavity, and the lower transparent plate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media for identifying traffic control features based on telemetry patterns within digital image representations of vehicle telemetry information. The disclosed systems can generate a digital image representation based on collected telemetry information to represent the frequency of different speed-location combinations for transportation vehicles passing through a traffic area. The disclosed systems can also apply a convolutional neural network to analyze the digital image representation and generate a predicted classification of a type of traffic control feature that corresponds to the digital image representation of vehicle telemetry information. The disclosed systems further train the convolutional neural network to determine traffic control features based on training data.

Abstract: In some implementations, a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) includes a substrate layer and epitaxial layers on the substrate layer. The epitaxial layers may include an active layer, a first mirror, a second mirror, and one or more oxidation layers. The active layer may be between the first mirror and the second mirror, and the one or more oxidation layers may be proximate to the active layer. The one or more oxidation layers may be configured to control beam divergence of a laser beam emitted by the VCSEL based on at least one of: a quantity of the one or more oxidation layers, a shape of the one or more oxidation layers, a thickness of the one or more oxidation layers, or a proximity of the one or more oxidation layers to the active layer.

Abstract: An apparatus may include an upper transparent plate to hold a wafer of bottom-emitting or bottom-detecting optical devices, wherein the upper transparent plate comprises a set of holes in an area of the upper transparent plate for holding the wafer. The apparatus may include a lower transparent plate and a structure supporting the upper transparent plate and the lower transparent plate to form a cavity bounded by the upper transparent plate, the lower transparent plate, and the structure, wherein the structure comprises an opening in fluid communication with the cavity, wherein applying suction through the opening, via the cavity and the set of holes, holds the wafer flat on the upper transparent plate, and wherein an optical path, between a bottom-emitting or bottom-detecting optical device of the bottom-emitting or bottom-detecting optical devices of the wafer and a testing device, passes through the upper transparent plate, the cavity, and the lower transparent plate.

Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) may include a substrate layer, epitaxial layers on the substrate layer, and angled reflectors configured to receive an optical beam emitted toward a bottom surface of the VCSEL and redirect the optical beam through an exit window in a top surface of the VCSEL. In some implementations, the angled reflectors may be formed in the substrate layer. Additionally, or alternatively, the VCSEL may include molded optics, where the molded optics include the angled reflectors. In some implementations, the exit window may include an integrated lens.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media for identifying traffic control features based on telemetry patterns within digital image representations of vehicle telemetry information. The disclosed systems can generate a digital image representation based on collected telemetry information to represent the frequency of different speed-location combinations for transportation vehicles passing through a traffic area. The disclosed systems can also apply a convolutional neural network to analyze the digital image representation and generate a predicted classification of a type of traffic control feature that corresponds to the digital image representation of vehicle telemetry information. The disclosed systems further train the convolutional neural network to determine traffic control features based on training data.