Abstract: Systems and methods for adaptively streaming video content to a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) or wired transmit/receive unit may comprise obtaining a media presentation description that comprises a content authenticity, requesting a key for a hash-based message authentication code; receiving the key for the hash-based message authentication code, determining a determined hash for a segment of the media presentation description, requesting a reference hash for the segment from a server, receiving the reference hash for the segment from the server, and comparing the reference hash to the determined hash to determine whether the requested hash matches the determined hash.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses are described for streaming content. The embodiments described herein may apply to ABR streaming and output an optimized ABR ladder enabling a playback device to maximize the perceived video quality of received content, provide substantially constant visual quality, and/or minimize rebuffering content. The playback device may request an ABR representation associated with an ABR ladder that has been optimized based on one or more neural networks. The one or more neural networks may be pre-trained based on one or more properties and characteristics/features of the video content. The one or more neural networks may process the video content to dynamically determine parameters such as the bitrates of each ABR representation for the content. The parameters may be used to output the encoded ABR representations.

Abstract: A spatial complexity and a temporal complexity associated with one or more frames of media content may be determined. Based on the spatial complexity and the temporal complexity of the media content, a Group of Picture (GOP) size for the one or more frames of the media content may be determined. The GOP size may be inversely proportional to the spatial complexity and the temporal complexity of the one or more frames of media content. Certain frames of the media content may be arranged in a different GOP size as compared to one or more other frames of the media content. By varying the GOP size of the plurality of frames of the media content, the bitrate required to transmit the media content may be decreased without decreasing or substantially decreasing the overall quality of the media content.

Abstract: A method for indicating repeat occurrences of advertisements in media content may include one or more of the following. The method may include inserting a first descriptor element for a media content in a media presentation description (MPD) associated with the media content. The method may include inserting a second descriptor element for a repeat occurrence of the media content in the MPD. The second descriptor element may indicate that, during the repeat occurrence of the media content, the media content be presented from the beginning.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for delivering and playing streaming content. A plurality of adaptations sets may be generated for a content asset. The plurality of adaptation sets may have segments encoded according to different segment durations. A media device may transition between adaptation sets to perform a content transition operation.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices relating to video encoding for low-concurrency video channels are described herein. A video processing system may receive a manifest request for an encoded video stream associated with a selected channel. Based on the manifest request, the video processing system may request for a real-time linear (RTL) encoder to be started to encode the input compressed video stream for the channel in real-time. Also based on the manifest request, the video processing system may assign a faster-than-real-time (FTRT) encoder from a pool of already-running FTRT encoders to encode the video stream in real-time until the RTL encoder is fully started. The FTRT encoder may encode at a lower quality level to enable expedited real-time encoding. Based on the RTL encoder being fully started, the video processing system may switch the encoding from the FTRT encoder to the RTL encoder. The FTRT encoder may be returned to the FTRT encoder pool.

Abstract: A computing device may receive a stream of content (e.g., a live stream of content). The computing device may determine a plurality of representations for the stream of content. The computing device may determine a primary encoder associated with each of the plurality of representations. Determining the primary encoder may be based on the plurality of representations. The computing device may determine viewer data associated with the stream of content. The computing device may determine whether to encode a backup representation for at least one of the plurality of representations. Determining whether to encode the backup representation may be based on the viewer data associated with the stream of content. The computing device may cause at least one backup encoder to encode the backup representation for the at least one of the plurality of representations.

Abstract: Systems and methods for adaptively streaming video content to a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) or wired transmit/receive unit may include obtaining a media presentation description that comprises a content authenticity, requesting a key for a hash-based message authentication code; receiving the key for the hash-based message authentication code, determining a determined hash for a segment of the media presentation description, requesting a reference hash for the segment from a server, receiving the reference hash for the segment from the server, and comparing the reference hash to the determined hash to determine whether the requested hash matches the determined hash.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are described for compressing digital content. The digital content may comprise a plurality of frames. The plurality of frames may comprise a plurality of crossfade frames. A first boundary frame of the crossfade frames may be determined. A second boundary frame of the crossfade frames may be determined. At least a portion of the crossfade frames may be coded as inter-predicted frames using a weighting factor and based on the first boundary frame or the second boundary frame.

Abstract: A first quantization value for encoding at least one frame of a content item may be determined based at least on a predetermined bitrate and a point in the content item associated with a scene change. A first duration associated with a first portion of the content item may be determined. The first portion of the content item may comprise the at least one frame and may be associated with the first quantization value. A second quantization value for encoding at least another frame of the content item may be determined based at least on the predetermined bitrate. A second duration associated with a second portion of the content item may be determined. The second portion of the content item may comprise the at least another frame and may be associated with the second quantization value.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for processing video. An encoder implementing the systems and methods described herein may receive video data comprising a plurality of frames and may partition each frame of the plurality of frames into a plurality of coding units. The encoder may then partition a coding unit into two or more prediction units. The encoder may determine, based on one or more coding parameters, a target bit rate, and characteristics of a human visual system (HVS), a coding mode for each of the two or more prediction units to minimize distortion in the encoded bitstream. The encoder may then determine a residual signal comprising a difference between each of the two or more prediction units and each of one or more corresponding prediction areas in a previously encoded frame and then generate an encoded bitstream comprising the residual signal.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for delivering and playing streaming content. A plurality of adaptations sets may be generated for a content asset. The plurality of adaptation sets may have segments encoded according to different segment durations. A media device may transition between adaptation sets to perform a content transition operation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for adaptive processing of video content to remove noise, such as film grain noise, without substantially affecting visual presentation quality are described herein. A computing device may determine a plurality of film grain parameters associated with film grain noise present within one or more portions of a content item. The computing device may determine at least one encoding parameter based on the plurality of film grain parameters. The computing device may encode the content item based on the at least one encoding parameter. The computing device may send an encoding message to at least one user device/client device, which may in turn use the encoding message to decode the content item.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for delivering and playing streaming content. A plurality of adaptations sets may be generated for a content asset. The plurality of adaptation sets may have segments encoded according to different segment durations. A media device may transition between adaptation sets to perform a content transition operation.

Abstract: A spatial complexity and a temporal complexity associated with one or more frames of media content may be determined. Based on the spatial complexity and the temporal complexity of the media content, a Group of Picture (GOP) size for the one or more frames of the media content may be determined. The GOP size may be inversely proportional to the spatial complexity and the temporal complexity of the one or more frames of media content. Certain frames of the media content may be arranged in a different GOP size as compared to one or more other frames of the media content. By varying the GOP size of the plurality of frames of the media content, the bitrate required to transmit the media content may be decreased without decreasing or substantially decreasing the overall quality of the media content.

Abstract: An encoder may determine a plurality of coding units associated with a frame of a media file and a plurality of prediction units associated with the frame of the media file. The encoder may determine, based on the plurality of coding units associated with the frame and the plurality of prediction units associated with the frame, and based on a training of the encoder using one or more neural networks, that a particular region of the frame can be encoded using one or more encoding characteristics that are different than the encoding characteristics of one or more other particular regions of the frame. The encoder may allocate one or more encoding resources to the particular region of the frame based on the one or more encoding characteristics of the particular region of the frame in order to reduce the overall media bitrate.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices relating to video encoding for low-concurrency video channels are described herein. A video processing system may receive a manifest request for an encoded video stream associated with a selected channel. Based on the manifest request, the video processing system may request for a real-time linear (RTL) encoder to be started to encode the input compressed video stream for the channel in real-time. Also based on the manifest request, the video processing system may assign a faster-than-real-time (FTRT) encoder from a pool of already-running FTRT encoders to encode the video stream in real-time until the RTL encoder is fully started. The FTRT encoder may encode at a lower quality level to enable expedited real-time encoding. Based on the RTL encoder being fully started, the video processing system may switch the encoding from the FTRT encoder to the RTL encoder. The FTRT encoder may be returned to the FTRT encoder pool.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for filtering and/or removing defects from content, such as high dynamic range (HDR) content. A plurality of parameters for filtering one or more pixels may be determined. The parameter(s) may be used to determine one or more filter weights, and the filter weight(s) may be applied to one or more pixels and one or more corresponding prior pixels to generate one or more filtered pixels. The filtered content and/or pixels thereof may later be encoded for storage and/or transmission to users.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses may encode a media content item based on metadata from previous encoding. The encoding may also generate encoding metadata, which may comprise a qualitative or quantitative characterization of the encoded media content item. A prediction engine may, based on this metadata, determine new encoding settings for the same or a different video resolution. The prediction engine may cause an encoded media content item to be stored and may cause encoding of the media content item using the new encoding settings.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are described for compressing digital content. The digital content may comprise a plurality of frames. The plurality of frames may comprise a plurality of crossfade frames. A first boundary frame of the crossfade frames may be determined. A second boundary frame of the crossfade frames may be determined. At least a portion of the crossfade frames may be coded as inter-predicted frames using a weighting factor and based on the first boundary frame or the second boundary frame.