Abstract: A method for structuring an insulating layer on a semiconductor wafer includes providing a semiconductor wafer with a top, a bottom and includes multiple solar cell stacks, wherein each solar cell stack is a Ge substrate, which forms the bottom of the semiconductor wafer, a Ge subcell and at least two III-V subcells, in the above order, and at least one passage opening, which extends from the top to the bottom of the semiconductor wafer and has a connected side wall, an insulating layer two-dimensionally deposited on the top of the semiconductor wafer, on the side wall of the passage opening and/or on the bottom of the semiconductor wafer, and the deposition of an etch-resistant filling material by means of a printing process on an area of the top which include the passage opening, and into the passage opening.

Abstract: In order to create a roller press, particularly for comminuting a bed of material, the roller press having two rollers separated from each other by a roller nip and using hydraulic cylinders to press the one roller against the oppositely situated roller over the material situated in the roller nip, the stress on the surface of the rollers to be reduced and their service life to be increased, it is proposed according to the invention that both rollers are designed as loose rollers that are displaceable transversely relative to the roller nip, the bearing housings of the rollers being supported on side parts of the machine frame by hydraulic cylinders that apply the roller compaction pressure.

Abstract: A method for the production of an annular casing for the press rollers of roller presses for the pressure comminution of particulate material, the outer surface of which casing always has a high degree of hardness and consequently a high wear-resisting capability, but the radially inner region of which casing has a lower degree of hardness to avoid casing ruptures. The annular casing is cast of nodular cast iron with at least the alloying elements Ni and Mo. The cast body is given a bainitic structure with residual austenite by a subsequent heat treatment followed by controlled cooling. The outer surface is constantly re-hardened during use via pressure loading such that martensite is constantly formed in boundary layers of the outer surface.

Abstract: In order to create a roller press, particularly for comminuting a bed of material, the roller press having two rollers separated from each other by a roller nip and using hydraulic cylinders to press the one roller against the oppositely situated roller over the material situated in the roller nip, the stress on the surface of the rollers to be reduced and their service life to be increased, it is proposed according to the invention that both rollers are designed as loose rollers that are displaceable transversely relative to the roller nip, the bearing housings of the rollers being supported on side parts of the machine frame by hydraulic cylinders that apply the roller compaction pressure.

Abstract: A closed-circuit grinding plant for grinding coarse material into a fine material, in particular for generating cement raw meal and/or cement from cement clinker, the plant having at least two roller presses disposed about a central riser shaft which pneumatically transports the fine material or pulverizing the coarse material, at least two sifters for separating the fine material generated during the pulverization from still existing coarse material, and at least two fine material settling devices for settling the fine material from the sifting air of the sifters.

Abstract: A method for the production of an annular casing for the press rollers of roller presses for the pressure comminution of particulate material, the outer surface of which casing always has a high degree of hardness and consequently a high wear-resisting capability, but the radially inner region of which casing has a lower degree of hardness to avoid casing ruptures. The annular casing is cast of nodular cast iron with at least the alloying elements Ni and Mo. The cast body is given a bainitic structure with residual austenite by a subsequent heat treatment followed by controlled cooling. The outer surface is constantly re-hardened during use via pressure loading such that martensite is constantly formed in boundary layers of the outer surface.

Abstract: A tandem roller press has two roll pairs which are arranged next to one another in an axially parallel manner in order to provide a roller press system, in particular for the material bed comminution of granular material, which can considerably exceed previous limits with regard to throughput performance but also with regard to the specific energy requirement. Preferably, common feeding of the granular material and common discharge of the material which has been subjected to the material bed comminution are arranged. A tandem separator device may be arranged below the two roll pairs in order to form two parallel compact milling circuits with a high throughput performance overall.

Abstract: A two-roll machine has two rolls rotatably mounted in bearing housings, driven in opposite directions and separated from each other by a roll gap. One roll is a loose roll with bearing housings horizontally supported on machine frame side parts by hydraulic cylinders applying a roll pressing force. The other roll is a fixed roll with bearing housings horizontally supported on frame end pieces. The bearing housings are mounted on sliding tracks of two lower-flange and two upper-flange machine brackets. The two-roll machine includes a lower frame adjacent to the fixed roll, the lower frame lengthening the two lower-flange machine brackets. A transverse frame is connected to the two upper-flange machine brackets, the transverse frame having a clear opening width which permits the rolls to be moved through the transverse frame onto the lower frame. The frame end pieces are releasably connected to the lower-flange and upper-flange machine brackets.

Abstract: An annular casing for the press rollers of roller presses for the pressure comminution of particulate material, the outer surface of which casing always has a high degree of hardness and consequently a high wear-resisting capability, but the radially inner region of which casing has a lower degree of hardness to avoid casing ruptures, it is proposed according to the invention that the material of the casing consists of nodular cast iron with at least the alloying elements Ni and Mo and with a bainitic structure with residual austenite, and in that, to achieve a self-hardening surface, the boundary layer of the annular casing—contains martensite, which is constantly renewed by external pressure loading of the casing surface when the press roller is in operation.

Abstract: A closed-circuit grinding plant for grinding coarse material into a fine material, in particular for generating cement raw meal and/or cement from cement clinker, the plant having at least two roller presses disposed about a central riser shaft which pneumatically transports the fine material or pulverizing the coarse material, at least two sifters for separating the fine material generated during the pulverization from still existing coarse material, and at least two fine material settling devices for settling the fine material from the sifting air of the sifters.

Abstract: In order to create a roller press, particularly for comminuting a bed of material, the roller press having two rollers separated from each other by a roller nip and using hydraulic cylinders to press the one roller against the oppositely situated roller over the material situated in the roller nip, the stress on the surface of the rollers to be reduced and their service life to be increased, it is proposed according to the invention that both rollers are designed as loose rollers that are displaceable transversely relative to the roller nip, the bearing housings of the rollers being supported on side parts of the machine frame by hydraulic cylinders that apply the roller compaction pressure.

Abstract: In the design of a twin-roller machine, such as a roll press for comminuting a bed of granular material, with two rotatably mounted, counter rotationally driven rollers which are separated from each other by a roller nip, and which use hydraulic cylinders to provide a roller pressing force the hydraulic cylinders are arranged in such a manner that they act in each case both on the bearing housings of one roller and on the respectively opposite bearing housings of the other roller with a self-contained system of milling pressing forces being formed without a closed machine frame loaded by the roller pressing forces.

Abstract: A tandem roller press has two roll pairs which are arranged next to one another in an axially parallel manner in order to provide a roller press system, in particular for the material bed comminution of granular material, which can considerably exceed previous limits with regard to throughput performance but also with regard to the specific energy requirement. Preferably, common feeding of the granular material and common discharge of the material which has been subjected to the material bed comminution are arranged. A tandem separator device may be arranged below the two roll pairs in order to form two parallel compact milling circuits with a high throughput performance overall.

Abstract: A two-roll machine, in particular a roll press, for interparticle comminution of granular material with two rotatably mounted, counter-rotating driven rolls separated from one another by a roll gap. Drive journals of the roll's shaft-mounted gearboxes are shaft-mounted as step-down planetary gear units. A machine table with a table platen is arranged under each of the shaft-mounted gearboxes that can move back and forth parallel to the roll shaft in at least one direction, and three vertically and horizontally adjustable supporting rests arranged in a triangle are arranged on the table platen on which the respective shaft-mounted gearbox can be supported offset-free and aligned with the roll shaft drive journal during its installation and removal.

Abstract: The invention relates to hard elements generally produced by powder metallurgy for protecting rolling press rollers from wear, this protection taking the form of grid armouring. In order to provide hard elements which can be produced relatively inexpensively and which, in particular, can again be disassembled in a relatively simple manner, even in the damaged state, from their respective roller body cutouts for the purpose of roller repair, the invention proposes prefabricated hard elements with a prefabricated central cutout which, starting from the radially inner end of the hard elements, extends over at least some of the height of the hard elements.

Abstract: A two-roll machine, in particular a roll press, for interparticle comminution of granular material with two rotatably mounted, counter-rotating driven rolls separated from one another by a roll gap. Drive journals of the roll's shaft-mounted gearboxes are shaft-mounted as step-down planetary gear units. A machine table with a table platen is arranged under each of the shaft-mounted gearboxes that can move back and forth parallel to the roll shaft in at least one direction, and three vertically and horizontally adjustable supporting rests arranged in a triangle are arranged on the table platen on which the respective shaft-mounted gearbox can be supported offset-free and aligned with the roll shaft drive journal during its installation and removal.

Abstract: In order to design a two-roll machine, in particular a roller press for material bed comminution of granular material, having two rotatably mounted rolls driven in opposite directions and separated from each other by a roll gap, in such a way that the roll change can be brought about still more simply and rapidly, according to the invention it is proposed to attach to the front end of the roller press which is adjacent to the fixed roll (10) an additional frame, specifically a lower frame (23) lengthening the two bracket lower flanges (15, 16) and a transverse frame (24) that is connected to the two bracket upper flanges (17, 18) and has a clear opening width which permits the complete rolls to be pushed through the transverse frame (24) on to the lower frame (23), and to construct the frame end pieces (19, 20) supporting the fixed roll (10) during the roller press operation such that they can be folded up hydraulically for the purpose of the roll change, so that, with the machine frame end pieces folded out

Abstract: In order to provide a tubular mill which is lightweight and easy and inexpensive to manufacture, the partial lengths of the tubular mill shell each are screwed together from segments which are distributed around the circumference and are made of thin-walled sheet-metal material, wherein rigid flanges are integrally formed onto the abutting sides of adjacent segments, in particular by folding the edges of the sheet-metal, and the flanges, which come to be positioned in the longitudinal direction of the mill tube, of adjacent segments are screwed to one another, and rigid flanges are to be integrally formed onto the two other sides, positioned opposite one another, of the segments, likewise advantageously by folding the edges of the sheet-metal, and the flanges, each joined to form a flange ring, of adjacent partial lengths are clamped to one another by means of clamping elements.

Abstract: An annular casing for the press rollers of roller presses for the pressure comminution of particulate material, the outer surface of which casing always has a high degree of hardness and consequently a high wear-resisting capability, but the radially inner region of which casing has a lower degree of hardness to avoid casing ruptures, it is proposed according to the invention that the material of the casing consists of nodular cast iron with at least the alloying elements Ni and Mo and with a bainitic structure with residual austenite, and in that, to achieve a self-hardening surface, the boundary layer of the annular casing—contains martensite, which is constantly renewed by external pressure loading of the casing surface when the press roller is in operation.

Abstract: In the design of a twin-roller machine, such as a roll press for comminuting a bed of granular material, with two rotatably mounted, counter rotationally driven rollers which are separated from each other by a roller nip, and which use hydraulic cylinders to provide a roller pressing force the hydraulic cylinders are arranged in such a manner that they act in each case both on the bearing housings of one roller and on the respectively opposite bearing housings of the other roller with a self-contained system of milling pressing forces being formed without a closed machine frame loaded by the roller pressing forces.